菜

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See also: 莱
菜 U+83DC, 菜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83DC
← 菛
[U+83DB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 菝 →
[U+83DD]
菜 U+2F9A3, 菜
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9A3
← 菌
[U+2F9A2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𦰶 →
[U+2F9A4]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
11 strokes
Stroke order
菜-order.gif

Han character[edit]

菜 (radical 140, 艸+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿月木 (TBD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹采)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1038, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31184
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1496, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3236, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+83DC

Chinese[edit]

trad. 菜
simp. # 菜
alternative forms 𦬁 second round simplified
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (采) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
采 *sʰɯːʔ
睬 *sʰɯːʔ
彩 *sʰɯːʔ
採 *sʰɯːʔ
綵 *sʰɯːʔ
寀 *sʰɯːʔ
菜 *sʰɯːs
埰 *sʰɯːs
棌 *sʰɯːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰɯːs): semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 采 (OC *sʰɯːʔ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 菜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 倉代切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰəiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰəjH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰᴀiH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		coi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 菜
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshojH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.r̥ˁəʔ-s/
English vegetables

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 菜
Reading # 1/1
No. 1076
Phonetic
component 		采
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		菜
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰɯːs/

Definitions[edit]

菜

  1. vegetable; greens (Classifier: 條／条 c)
    蔬菜  ―  shūcài  ―  vegetables
    白菜  ―  báicài  ―  Chinese cabbage
    菠菜  ―  bōcài  ―  spinach
  2. cuisine; (type of) food
    川菜  ―  chuāncài  ―  Sichuan cuisine
    日本菜  ―  Rìběn cài  ―  Japanese food
  3. dish; course (Classifier: 盤／盘 m; 道 m)
    這道菜很對胃口。 / 这道菜很对胃口。  ―  Zhè dào cài hěn duìwèikǒu.  ―  This dish is tasty.
    每次他來這兒，他都點同樣的菜。 [MSC, trad.]
    每次他来这儿，他都点同样的菜。 [MSC, simp.]
    Měi cì tā lái zhèr, tā dōu diǎn tóngyàng de cài. [Pinyin]
    Whenever he comes to this place, he orders the same dish.
    我在考慮我晚飯做什麼菜。 [MSC, trad.]
    我在考虑我晚饭做什么菜。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ zài kǎolǜ wǒ wǎnfàn zuò shénme cài. [Pinyin]
    I'm wondering what to cook for dinner.
  4. (colloquial) (one's) type; cup of tea
    他是我的菜！  ―  Tā shì wǒ de cài!  ―  He is my type!
  5. (colloquial) bad; inferior; disappointing; below average
    菜鳥 / 菜鸟  ―  càiniǎo  ―  noob
    我好菜啊。  ―  Wǒ hǎo cài a.  ―  I'm so inferior [to others].

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 菜 (“dish; vegetable or meat dish”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 菜
Mandarin Beijing 菜
Taiwan 菜
Tianjin 菜
Jinan 菜
Xi'an 菜
Wuhan 菜
Chengdu 菜
Guilin 菜
Yangzhou 菜
Hefei 菜
Singapore 菜
Cantonese Guangzhou 餸, 餸菜
Hong Kong 餸, 餸菜
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 餸菜
Macau 餸
Panyu 餸
Huadu (Huashan) 餸
Conghua 餸
Zengcheng 餸
Foshan 餸
Nanhai (Shatou) 餸
Shunde 餸
Sanshui 餸
Gaoming (Mingcheng) 餸
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 餸
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 餸
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 餸
Doumen 餸
Jiangmen (Baisha) 餸
Xinhui 餸
Taishan 餸, 餸菜
Kaiping (Chikan) 餸
Enping (Niujiang) 餸
Heshan (Yayao) 餸
Dongguan 餸
Bao'an (Shajing) 餸
Yangjiang 餸
Beihai 餸
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 菜
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 菜
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 菜
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 餸
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 餸
Móng Cái 菜
Gan Nanchang 菜
Hakka Meixian 菜
Jin Taiyuan 菜
Min Bei Jian'ou 菜
Songxi 菜
Jianyang 菜
Min Dong Fuzhou 配
Gutian 配飯菜
Fuding 乇配
Min Nan Xiamen 物配, 菜配, 菜
Quanzhou 物配, 菜
Yongchun 菜
Zhangzhou 物配
Singapore (Hokkien) 物配, 菜配
Manila (Hokkien) 物配
Longyan 配
Zhangping (Yongfu) 配
Chaozhou 物配
Leizhou 物配, 配
Puxian Min Putian 物配
Min Zhong Yong'an 菜
Shaxian 配
Wu Suzhou 小菜
Wenzhou 配, 餚配
Xiang Changsha 菜
Shuangfeng 菜
  • (cuisine): 餐 (cān)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 菜

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

菜

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. greens; vegetables
  2. rape (Brassica napus); rapeseed
  3. side dish

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds


Kanji in this term
菜
な
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

菜(な) • (na) 

  1. greens

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

菜 • (chae) (hangeul 채)

  1. An edible plant or leaf of plant. greens; vegetables

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

菜: Hán Nôm readings: thái, thủy/thuỷ, linh, lê

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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