荇菜

Chinese

		Limnanthemum nymphoides	dish (type of food); vegetables
trad. (荇菜)		荇	菜
simp. #(荇菜)		荇	菜

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xìngcài

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄘㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁶ coi³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hēng-chhài

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xìngcài
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄘㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sìngcài
    • Wade–Giles: hsing⁴-tsʻai⁴
    • Yale: syìng-tsài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinqtsay
    • Palladius: синцай (sincaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hang⁶ coi³
    • Yale: hahng choi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁶ tsoi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: heng⁶ coi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²² t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēng-chhài
    • Tâi-lô: hīng-tshài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hexngzhaix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: haengX tshojH

Rime
Character	荇	菜
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	何梗切	倉代切
Baxter	haengX	tshojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠæŋX/	/t͡sʰʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚaŋX/	/t͡sʰəiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣaŋX/	/t͡sʰɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨjŋX/	/t͡sʰəjH/
Li Rong	/ɣɐŋX/	/t͡sʰᴀiH/
Wang Li	/ɣɐŋX/	/t͡sʰɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɐŋX/	/t͡sʰɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hèng	cài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang6	coi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤraŋʔ  s.r̥ˤəʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːŋʔ  sʰɯːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	荇	菜
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xìng	cài
Middle Chinese	‹ hængX ›	‹ tshojH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁraŋʔ/	/*s.r̥ˁəʔ-s/
English	Limnanthemum nymphoides	vegetables
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	荇	菜
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13875	1076
Phonetic component	行	采
Rime group	陽	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	杏	菜
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːŋʔ/	/*sʰɯːs/
Notes	說文同莕

Noun

荇菜

1. duckweed (nymphoides peltata)

   • 參差荇菜，左右流之 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     参差荇菜，左右流之 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Cēncī xìngcài, zuǒyòu liú zhī [Pinyin]

     Here long, there short, is the duckweed, To the left, to the right, borne about by the current.