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梗

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
梗 U+6897, 梗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6897
← 梖
[U+6896] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 梘 →
[U+6898]

Translingual

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Han character

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梗 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 木一中大 (DMLK), four-corner 41946, composition ⿰木更)

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 529, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14849
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1210, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+6897

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 梗
alternative forms 莖／茎 Cantonese vernacular
框 Cantonese vernacular

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
更 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳 *kraːŋ
埂 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭 *kraːŋ
稉 *kraːŋ
梗 *kraːŋʔ
哽 *kraːŋʔ
綆 *kraːŋʔ
鯁 *kraːŋʔ
挭 *kraːŋʔ
骾 *kraːŋʔ
郠 *kraːŋʔ
硬 *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕 *ŋɡraːŋs
丙 *pqraŋʔ
炳 *praŋʔ
邴 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪 *praŋʔ
蛃 *praŋʔ
昺 *praŋʔ
昞 *praŋʔ
窉 *praŋʔ
柄 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵 *praŋs
寎 *praŋs
病 *braŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kraːŋʔ): semantic 木 + phonetic 更 (OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs) – a type of plant.

Etymology

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Schuessler (2007) only lists “strong” as being related to 強 (OC *ɡaŋ, “strong”). Are all these senses related?”

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gang2 - literary;
  • kwaang2, gwaang2 - vernacular (“stem; stalk”).
Note:
  • gien3 - literary;
  • guang3 - vernacular (“stem; stalk”).
Note:
  • gǎing - literary;
  • guǎng - vernacular (“stem; stalk”).
Note:
  • gēng - literary;
  • guāng - vernacular (“stem; stalk”).
Note:
  • kéng/kńg/kēng - literary;
  • kíⁿ/kéⁿ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 梗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古杏切
Baxter kaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠæŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚaŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kaŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaɨjŋX/
Li
Rong 		/kɐŋX/
Wang
Li 		/kɐŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɐŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gěng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gang2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 梗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gěng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kængX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁraŋʔ/
English suffering

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 梗
Reading # 1/1
No. 871
Phonetic
component 		丙
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		梗
Old
Chinese 		/*kraːŋʔ/

Definitions

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梗

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative name for 刺榆 (“Hemiptelea davidii”).
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of plants) to prick
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) spiny plant
  4. stalk (pedicel, peduncle, or petiole)
    青梗菜  ―  qīnggěngcài  ―  green-stalk pak choi
    他愛吃菜葉兒，不愛吃梗兒。 [MSC, trad.]
    他爱吃菜叶儿，不爱吃梗儿。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā ài chī cài yèr, bù ài chī gěngr. [Pinyin]
    He loves to eat the leaves of vegetables, not the stalks.
    佢中意食葉，唔中意食梗。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢中意食叶，唔中意食梗。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 zung1 ji3 sik6 jip6, m4 zung1 ji3 sik6 kwaang2. [Jyutping]
    He likes to eat the leaves, not the stalks.
  5. broad outline; general idea; gist
  6. (alt. form 哏) punchline; (humorous) reference; meme
    「廣東人吃福建人」是什麼梗？ [MSC, trad.]
    「广东人吃福建人」是什么梗？ [MSC, simp.]
    “guǎngdōngrén chī fújiànrén” shì shénme gěng? [Pinyin]
    What's the joke behind "Cantonese people eat Fujianese people?"
  7. to block; to obstruct; to hinder
  8. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to resist; to defy
  9. to straighten up; to stiffen
  10. upright; straightforward; upstanding
  11. (Cantonese) stiff; tight
    坐咗成日，坐到條腰都梗嗮。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    坐咗成日，坐到条腰都梗嗮。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    co5 zo2 seng4 jat6, co5 dou3 tiu4 jiu1 dou1 gang2 saai3. [Jyutping]
    My lower back's all stiff after sitting all day.
  12. (Cantonese) fixed; immovable
    梗窗 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  gang2 coeng1 [Jyutping]  ―  fixed window
  13. (Cantonese) certainly; definitely; of course
    你咁叻，梗會搵到工嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    你咁叻，梗会揾到工嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 gam3 lek1, gang2 wui5 wan2 dou3-2 gung1 ge3. [Jyutping]
    You're so smart; you'll definitely be able to find a job.
  14. (Ningbonese) Classifier for long, slender objects, including ropes, fish, feathers, sticks. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
  15. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) strong; violent
  16. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) illness; disaster
  17. a surname
  18. (～日) (telegraphy) the twenty-third day of a month

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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梗

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: きょう (kyō)←きやう (kyau, historical)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
  • Kun: やまにれ (yamanire)

Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 梗 (MC kaengX).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

梗 (eumhun 줄기 경 (julgi gyeong))

  1. hanja form? of 경 (“stem; stalk”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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梗: Hán Việt readings: ngạnh[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], cánh[3][4]
梗: Nôm readings: ngành[1][2][3][4][6][7], cành[1][2][3][4], gánh[1][2][3][8], nhánh[3][6][7][8], nhành[3][6][7][8], chành[4][6][7][8], cánh[1][2], chành[3], ngáng[3], ngánh[3], cạnh[4], nganh[7]

  1. chữ Nôm form of cánh (“wing”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of cành (“(botany) tree branch”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of gánh (“to carry (something) on one's shoulder via a shoulder pole; to shoulder”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of ngành (“(taxonomy) phylum”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Hồ (1976).
  5. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Bonet (1899).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Génibrel (1898).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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