莖

See also: 茎

莖 U+8396, 莖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8396 ← 莕 [U+8395] CJK Unified Ideographs 莗 → [U+8397]

Translingual

Traditional	莖
Shinjitai	茎
Simplified	茎

Han character

莖 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿一女一 (TMVM), four-corner 4410₁, composition ⿱艹巠)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1034, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31052
• Dae Jaweon: page 1493, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3217, character 7
• Unihan data for U+8396

Chinese

trad.		莖
simp.		茎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (坙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
羥	*kʰreːn, *kʰreːŋ
俓	*ŋɡeːn, *ŋɡreːŋ, *keːŋs
牼	*kʰreːŋ, *ɡreːŋ
硁
誙	*kʰreːŋ
娙	*ŋɡreːŋ, *ɡeːŋ
莖	*ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ
痙	*ɡeŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ).

Etymology

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kja-ŋ (“foot”) (STEDT), whence Tibetan རྐང་པ (rkang pa, “foot; leg; stem; stalk”).

脛 (OC *ɡeːŋs, “lower leg”) is also compared to the above Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemma.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīng, jìng (jing¹, jing⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ, ㄐㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³, ging¹, hang⁴, kwaang²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kîn / kóang

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gin¹

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hûiⁿ / hoâiⁿ / hôaⁿ / keng / kèng / hêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kêng⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jing
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹
    • Yale: jīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
    • Palladius: цзин (czin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, nonstandard or dialectal)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
    • Wade–Giles: ching⁴
    • Yale: jìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
    • Palladius: цзин (czin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìngr
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìngr
    • Wade–Giles: ching⁴-ʼrh
    • Yale: jìngr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jienql
    • Palladius: цзинр (czinr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging³, ging¹, hang⁴, kwaang²
    • Yale: ging, gīng, hàhng, kwáang
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging³, ging¹, hang⁴, kwaang²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging³, ging¹, heng⁴, kuang²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³/, /kɪŋ⁵⁵/, /hɐŋ²¹/, /kʷʰaːŋ³⁵/

Note:

• ging1, hang4, kwaang2 - variants;
• kwaang2 - also written as 梗.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn / kóang
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin´ / guang`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹ / guang³
    • Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴/, /ku̯aŋ³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kin⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: huînn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvuii
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huĩ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoâiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: huâinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvoaai
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /huãi²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huãi²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: huânn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvoaa
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huã¹³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
    • Tâi-lô: king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng
    • Tâi-lô: hîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: heeng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³/

Note:

• hûiⁿ/hoâiⁿ/hôaⁿ - vernacular;
• keng/kèng - vernacular (俗);
• hêng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: kêng⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khêng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰeŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: heang

Rime
Character	莖
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸耕切
Baxter	heang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɛŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣæŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	héng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-k-lˤ<r>eŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	莖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*m-k-lˁ<r>eŋ/
English	stalk (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	莖
Reading #	1/2
No.	6786
Phonetic component	坙
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	莖
Old Chinese	/*ɡreːŋ/

Definitions

莖

1. stem; stalk; something like a stalk
2. ^† tall and straight
3. ^† pillar
4. ^† (traditional Chinese medicine) penis
5. ^† handle
6. Classifier for strips or stalks of objects.

Synonyms

• (stem): (literary) 稿 (gǎo)

Compounds

• 六莖／六茎 (Liùjīng)
• 包莖／包茎
• 匍匐莖／匍匐茎
• 地下莖／地下茎
• 塊莖／块茎 (kuàijīng)
• 平臥莖／平卧茎
• 攀緣莖／攀缘茎
• 木質莖／木质茎
• 枯莖朽骨／枯茎朽骨 (kūjīngxiǔgǔ)
• 根莖／根茎 (gēnjīng)
• 玉莖／玉茎
• 球莖／球茎 (qiújīng)
• 直立莖／直立茎
• 纏繞莖／缠绕茎 (chánràojīng)
• 草質莖／草质茎 (cǎozhìjīng)
• 莖稈／茎秆 (jīnggǎn)
• 走莖／走茎
• 陰莖／阴茎
• 飛莖／飞茎
• 鱗莖／鳞茎 (línjīng)

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yīng (ying¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ying
    • Wade–Giles: ying¹
    • Yale: yīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
    • Palladius: ин (in)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'eang

Rime
Character	莖
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	烏莖切
Baxter	'eang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ʔɛŋ/
Wang Li	/æŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ang1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qreːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	莖
Reading #	2/2
No.	6788
Phonetic component	坙
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	甖
Old Chinese	/*qreːŋ/

Definitions

莖

1. Only used in 姚莖／姚茎.

References

• “莖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	茎
Kyūjitai	莖

Kanji

莖

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 茎)

1. stem
2. stalk

Readings

• Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kan’yō-on: けい (kei)
• Kun: くき (kuki, 莖); くく (kuku, 莖); なかご (nakago, 莖)

Korean

Hanja

莖 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 男莖

Vietnamese

Han character

莖: Hán Nôm readings: hành, kinh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.