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脛

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 胫
脛 U+811B, 脛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-811B
← 脚
[U+811A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 脜 →
[U+811C]

Translingual

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Han character

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脛 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月一女一 (BMVM), four-corner 71211, composition ⿰月巠)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 983, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29504
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1435, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2077, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+811B

Chinese

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trad. 脛
simp. 胫
alternative forms 踁／胫

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (巠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
葝 *ɡeŋ, *ɡeŋ
頸 *keŋʔ, *ɡeŋ
勁 *kɯns, *keŋs
鑋 *kʰeŋ, *kʰeːŋs
輕 *kʰeŋ, *kʰeŋs
涇 *ɡeŋʔ, *keːŋ
經 *keːŋ, *keːŋs
鵛 *keːŋ
巠 *keːŋ
剄 *keːŋʔ
烴 *keːŋʔ
徑 *keːŋs
逕 *keːŋs
桱 *keːŋs
蛵 *qʰeːŋ
陘 *ɡeːŋ
鋞 *ɡeːŋ, *ɡeːŋʔ
脛 *ɡeːŋʔ, *ɡeːŋs
踁 *ɡeːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡeːŋʔ, *ɡeːŋs): semantic 肉 (“meat”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ)

Etymology

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Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kja-ŋ (“foot”) (STEDT), whence Tibetan རྐང་པ (rkang pa, “foot; leg; stem; stalk”).

莖 (OC *ɡreːŋ, “stalk”) is also compared to the above Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemma.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • kēng/kěng/kèng - vernacular;
  • hēng/hěng - literary.
    Rime
    Character 脛 脛
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 青 (125) 青 (125)
    Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) IV IV
    Fanqie 胡頂切 胡定切
    Baxter hengX hengH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦeŋX/ /ɦeŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦeŋX/ /ɦeŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣɛŋX/ /ɣɛŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦɛjŋX/ /ɦɛjŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣeŋX/ /ɣeŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣieŋX/ /ɣieŋH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ɣieŋX/ /ɣieŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xìng xìng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jing6 jing6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 脛
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jìng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hengH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m-kʰˁeŋ-s/
    English leg, shank

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 脛 脛
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 6815 6816
    Phonetic
    component         		巠 巠
    Rime
    group         		耕 耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		婞 脛
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡeːŋʔ/ /*ɡeːŋs/

    Definitions

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    脛

    1. shinbone
    2. lower leg

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    Shinjitai
    (extended)

    		𦙾

    Print
    standard

    		脛
    脛

    (Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𦙾)

    1. shin

    Readings

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    • Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)←ぎやう (gyau, historical)
    • Kan-on: けい (kei)←けい (kei, historical)
    • Kun: すね (sune, 脛)、はぎ (hagi, 脛)

    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    脛
    すね
    Hyōgai
    kun'yomi
    Alternative spellings
    臑
    腨
    脚
    髄

    From Old Japanese すね (sune, “marrow”); appears in the Kojiki (712) in the name of a deity: 登美能那賀須泥毘古 (to₂mi₁-no₂-naga-sune-bi₁ko₁), whose name is also attested logographically in the Nihon Shoki (720) as 長髄彦.[1][2]

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    脛(すね) • (sune) 

    1. [from 712] the front area of the leg between the knee and the ankle: the shin
    Usage notes
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    This is the most common term for "shin" in Japanese.

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    脛
    はぎ
    Hyōgai
    kun'yomi

    From Old Japanese はぎ (pagi₁). Attested in Shōsōin documents from 740 with the spelling 波岐 (pagi₁).[5][6] Also attested in the Hitachi no kuni Fudoki in the form 夜都賀波岐 (ya-tuka-pagi₁, “indigenous people < a person with a long shin”).[5] In turn, reconstructed as deriving from Proto-Japonic *panki.

    As seen below, the pitch accent of this word in the Heian period contains a rising pitch in the first syllable, and Ryukyuan cognates show reflexes of proto-Ryukyuan class C, which is rare for class 3 accent words, hinting at some kind of contraction.

    Pronunciation

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    • Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
    ※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
    ※ References: [6]

    Noun

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    脛(はぎ) • (hagi) 

    1. [from 740] the shin
    2. [from 1254] the leg of a wild animal

    References

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    1. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967), 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 390
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 “すね 【脛・臑・腨・脚・髄】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Omodaka, Hisataka (1967), 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 573
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 “はぎ 【脛】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    脛 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    脛: Hán Nôm readings: hĩnh; hỉnh; hểnh; kinh; cảnh

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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