丙

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丙 U+4E19, 丙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E19
← 丘
[U+4E18] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 业 →
[U+4E1A]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

丙 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一人月 (MOB), four-corner 10227, composition ⿱一内)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №515

Derived characters[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for 丙:
[[wikisource:zh:康熙字典/一部/四畫#丙|一部/四畫]]

Wikisource


  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 78, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35
  • Dae Jaweon: page 156, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 16, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E19

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 丙

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 丙
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j30094

j30095

j30096

j30097

j30098

j30099

j30100

j30101

j30102

j30103

j30104

j30105

j30106

j30107

j30108

j30109

j30110

j30111

j30112

j30113

j30114

j30115

j30116

j30117

j30118

j30119

j30120

j30121

j30122

j30123

j30124

j30125

Bronze inscriptions

b20266

b20267

b20268

b20269

b20270

b20271

b20272

b20273

b20274

b20275

b20276

b20277

b20278

b20279

b20280

b20281

b20282

b20283

b20284

b20285

b20286

b20287

b20288

b20289

b20290

b20291

Small seal script

s10945

Transcribed ancient scripts

L35138

L35139

L35140

L17697

L17698

L17699

L17700

L17701

L17702

L17703

L17704

L17705

L17706

L17707

L17708

L17709

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
更 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳 *kraːŋ
埂 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭 *kraːŋ
稉 *kraːŋ
梗 *kraːŋʔ
哽 *kraːŋʔ
綆 *kraːŋʔ
鯁 *kraːŋʔ
挭 *kraːŋʔ
骾 *kraːŋʔ
郠 *kraːŋʔ
硬 *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕 *ŋɡraːŋs
丙 *pqraŋʔ
炳 *praŋʔ
邴 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪 *praŋʔ
蛃 *praŋʔ
昺 *praŋʔ
昞 *praŋʔ
窉 *praŋʔ
柄 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵 *praŋs
寎 *praŋs
病 *braŋs

Various theories:

  • Pictogram (象形) – shoulders (Shuowen).
  • Pictogram (象形) – the tail of a fish (Erya).
  • Pictogram (象形) – pedestal.
  • Pictogram (象形) – small table.
  • Original form of 柄 (OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs).

Whatever its original sense may be, it has been lost and replaced by its early use as a heavenly stem.

Etymology 1[edit]

Baxter and Sagart (2014) note the phonological relationship between 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) and 兩 (OC *p.raŋʔ, “a pair”); how these two are graphically related is noted in Baxter (1992). Smith (2011) suggests that these two words are not only phonologically similar but also etymologically related, with 丙, meaning "couplet" or "bivalve", referring to an asterism.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • piáⁿ - vernacular;
  • péng - literary.
Rime
Character 丙
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 兵永切
Baxter pjaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠiæŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚiaŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piaŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/piajŋX/
Li
Rong 		/piɐŋX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭɐŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ɐŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bing2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丙
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjængX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*praŋʔ/
English 3d heavenly stem

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丙
Reading # 1/1
No. 883
Phonetic
component 		丙
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		丙
Old
Chinese 		/*pqraŋʔ/
Notes 甲文象二石相對並，
與竝同源，後轉註爲兩。又史諱通景

Definitions[edit]

丙

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems
  2. third; C
  3. a surname
Coordinate terms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Zhuang: bingj

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 丙 – see 抦 (“to beat”).
(This character is a variant form of 抦).

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

丙

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems
  2. third in rank

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
丙
へい
Grade: S
on’yomi
 丙 on Japanese Wikipedia
 Heavenly Stems on Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese 丙 (pjængX).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

丙(へい) • (hei) 

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems; something of the third rank
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
丙
ひのえ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

火 (Hi, “Fire”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 兄 (e, “elder brother”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

丙(ひのえ) • (hinoe) 

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

丙 (eumhun 셋째 천간 병 (setjjae cheon'gan byeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 병 (“third heavenly stem”).
  2. Hanja form? of 병 (“third”).

丙 (eumhun 남녘 병 (namnyeok byeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 병 (“south, southern”).

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

丙: Hán Việt readings: bính
丙: Nôm readings: biếng, bính

  1. chữ Hán form of Bính (“third of the ten heavenly stems”).
    Hypernyms: 天干, 十干
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • Nom Foundation
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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