乙
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Contents
Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
乙 (radical 5 乙+0, 1 stroke, cangjie input 弓山 (NU), four-corner 17710)
- Kangxi radical #5, ⼄.
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 83, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 161
- Dae Jaweon: page 167, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 47, character 4
- Unihan data for U+4E59
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
乙 |
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Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 乙 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Characters in the same phonetic series (乙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
劜 | *qreːd |
札 | *sqriːd |
扎 | *sqriːd |
蚻 | *ʔsriːd |
紮 | *ʔsriːd |
軋 | *qriːd |
圠 | *qriːd |
穵 | *qriːd, *qʷriːd |
挖 | *qʷriːd |
鳦 | *qriːd, *qrid |
耴 | *ŋrid, *teb |
乙 | *qriɡ |
肊 | *qrɯɡ |
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut3, jyut6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yet / yat
- Min Bei (KCR): ĭ
- Min Nan (POJ): it
- Wu (Wiktionary): iq (T4)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧˇ
- Wade-Giles: i3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yyi
- IPA (key): /i²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jyut3, jyut6
- Yale: yut, yuht
- Cantonese Pinyin: jyt8, jyt9
- Guangdong Romanization: yud3, yud6
- IPA (key): /jyːt̚³/, /jyːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yet
- Hakka Romanization System: ied`
- Hagfa Pinyim: yad5
- IPA: /i̯et̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yat
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iad`
- Hagfa Pinyim: yad5
- IPA: /(j)i̯at̚²/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ĭ
- IPA (key): /i²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: iq (T4)
- IPA (key): /i̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
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Character | 乙 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
Final (韻) | 質 (49) |
Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | Chongniu III |
Fanqie | 於筆切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔˠiɪt̚/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ʔᵚit̚/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ʔiet̚/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔjit̚/ |
Li Rong |
/ʔjĕt̚/ |
Wang Li |
/ĭĕt̚/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔi̯ĕt̚/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yi |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 乙 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yǐ |
Middle Chinese |
‹ ʔit › |
Old Chinese |
/*qrət/ |
English | 2nd heavenly stem |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 乙 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 14921 |
Phonetic component |
乙 |
Rime group |
質 |
Rime subdivision |
2 |
Corresponding MC rime |
乙 |
Old Chinese |
/*qriɡ/ |
Notes | 甲乙字收ɡ尾與燕乙字收d尾小分部有異 |
Definitions[edit]
乙
- The second of the ten heavenly stems (天干 (tiāngān))
- second, 2, B, II, beta (used for unnamed people or object, to enumarate headings in a list, for grade)
- Tā fǎyǔ chéngjī dé le yǐ. [Pinyin]
- He got a B in French.
- 乙肝 ― yǐgān ― hepatitis B
- (chemistry) eth-; ethyl
- 乙烷 ― yǐwán ― ethane
- the seventh scale degree in Gongche musical notation (工尺譜/工尺谱 (gōngchěpǔ))
- (literary, formal) one
- A surname.
Coordinate terms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
See also[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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乙 |
おつ Grade: S |
on’yomi |
Originally from Middle Chinese 乙 (MC ʔˠiɪt̚), arising from the proper noun sense. Appears in texts from at least 833 CE.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- the second of the ten Celestial Stems
Noun[edit]
- the second item of any ordered list
- (music) one tone lower than the note indicated by 甲 (kō, “the first of something”)
- (by extension from the musical sense) a lower, sonorous and moving sound or tone
- (noh theater) in noh musical accompaniment, a specific kind of muffled drum beat played by striking the head of the taiko drum and keeping the mallet pressed against the head
- (Kansai dialect, slang) a stupid person, someone who is slow on the uptake
- (rare, possibly archaic) the state or circumstances of a thing
- (rare, possibly archaic) dressing up in an odd fashion
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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乙 |
おつ Grade: S |
on’yomi |
By extension from the moving tone noun sense. Appears in texts from the late Edo period, in the early 1800s.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
乙 (-na inflection, hiragana おつ, rōmaji otsu)
- out of the ordinary, strange or unusual in an interesting or stylish way
- strange, odd, weird
-
:ja:東海道中膝栗毛 (Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige, “Footing It along the Tokaido Road”, or “Shank's Mare”), serial published 1802-1814:
- ヲヤ弥次さん、おつな手つきをしておめへ何をする
- Oya Yaji-san, otsu na tetsuki o shite omē nani o suru
- Oy, Yaji, what do you think you're doing with your weird way of using your hands?
- ヲヤ弥次さん、おつな手つきをしておめへ何をする
-
:ja:東海道中膝栗毛 (Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige, “Footing It along the Tokaido Road”, or “Shank's Mare”), serial published 1802-1814:
Inflection[edit]
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective (未然形) | 乙だろ | おつだろ | otsu daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 乙で | おつで | otsu de |
Terminal (終止形) | 乙だ | おつだ | otsu da |
Attributive (連体形) | 乙な | おつな | otsu na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 乙なら | おつなら | otsu nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 乙であれ | おつであれ | otsu de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 乙ではない 乙じゃない |
おつではない おつじゃない |
otsu de wa nai otsu ja nai |
Informal past | 乙だった | おつだった | otsu datta |
Informal negative past | 乙ではなかった 乙じゃなかった |
おつではなかった おつじゃなかった |
otsu de wa nakatta otsu ja nakatta |
Formal | 乙です | おつです | otsu desu |
Formal negative | 乙ではありません 乙じゃありません |
おつではありません おつじゃありません |
otsu de wa arimasen otsu ja arimasen |
Formal past | 乙でした | おつでした | otsu deshita |
Formal negative past | 乙ではありませんでした 乙じゃありませんでした |
おつではありませんでした おつじゃありませんでした |
otsu de wa arimasen deshita otsu ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 乙で | おつで | otsu de |
Conditional | 乙なら(ば) | おつなら(ば) | otsu nara (ba) |
Provisional | 乙だったら | おつだったら | otsu dattara |
Volitional | 乙だろう | おつだろう | otsu darō |
Adverbial | 乙に | おつに | otsu ni |
Degree | 乙さ | おつさ | otsusa |
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
乙 |
おつ Grade: S |
on’yomi |
Derived as aggressive clipping of お疲れ様です (otsukaresama desu, used as a kind of greeting at work, literally “that's honorable exhaustion (from hard work)”). The use of 乙 for the spelling is an example of phonetic ateji (当て字).
Pronunciation[edit]
Interjection[edit]
- (Internet slang) Clipping of お疲れ様です (otsukaresama desu).
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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乙 |
きのと Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 木 (Ki, “Wood”, one of the Five Elements) + の (no, attributive marker) + 弟 (oto, “younger brother”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
乙 (hiragana きのと, rōmaji Kinoto)
- the second of the ten Heavenly Stems
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
乙 • (eul)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
References[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
乙 (ất, át, ắc, ắt, hắt, ặc, lớt)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
References[edit]
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading いつ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading おつ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading おち
- Japanese terms spelled with 乙 read as おつ
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- ja:Heavenly Stems
- Japanese nouns
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- ja:Theater
- Kansai Japanese
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