乙

See also: 之

乙	U+4E59, 乙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E59

← 乘
[U+4E58]

CJK Unified Ideographs

乚 →
[U+4E5A]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 5 乙

乙 (radical 5 乙+0, 1 stroke, cangjie input 弓山 (NU), four-corner 1771₀)

Kangxi radical #5, ⼄.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

KangXi: page 83, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 161
Dae Jaweon: page 167, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 47, character 4
Unihan data for U+4E59

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		乙

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 乙

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Bamboo and silk script

Large seal script

Small seal script

**Oracle bone script**
j29982	j29983	j29984	j29985	j29986	j29987	j29988	j29989
j29990	j29991	j29992	j29993	j29994	j29995	j29996	j29997
j29998	j29999	j30000	j30001	j30002	j30003	j30004	j30005
j30006	j30007	j30008	j30009	j30010	j30011	j30012	j30013
j30014	j30015	j30016	j30017	j30018	j30019	j30020	j30021
j30022	j30023	j30024	j30025	j30026	j30027	j30028	j30029
j30030	j30031	j30032	j30033	j30034	j30035	j30036	j30037
j30038	j30039	j30040	j30041	j30042	j30043	j30044	j30045
j30046	j30047	j30048	j30049	j30050	j30051	j30052	j30053
j30054	j30055	j30056	j30057	j30058	j30059	j30060	j30061
j30062	j30063	j30064	j30065	j30066	j30067	j30068	j30069
j30070	j30071	j30072

**Bronze inscriptions**
b20226	b20227	b20228	b20229	b20230	b20231	b20232	b20233
b20234	b20235	b20236	b20237	b20238	b20239	b20240	b20241
b20242	b20243	b20244	b20245	b20246	b20247	b20248	b20249
b20250	b20251	b20252	b20253	b20254	b20255	b20256	b20257
b20258	b20259	b20260	b20261	b20262	b20263

**Large seal script**
L26039	L26040	L26041	L26042	L26043	L26044	L26045	L26046
L26047	L26048	L26049

**Small seal script**
s10940

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (large seal) and
Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
劜	qreːd
札	sqriːd
扎	sqriːd
蚻	ʔsriːd
紮	ʔsriːd
軋	qriːd
圠	qriːd
穵	qriːd, *qʷriːd
挖	qʷriːd
鳦	qriːd, *qrid
耴	ŋrid, *teb
乙	qriɡ
肊	qrɯɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a developing plant (Shuowen).
Pictogram (象形) – the intestine of a fish (Erya).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin

(Pinyin): yǐ (yi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut³, jyut⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yet / yat
Min Nan (POJ): it
Wu (Wiktionary): iq (T4)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: yǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˇ
  - Wade-Giles: i³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yii
  - IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyut³, jyut⁶
  - Yale: yut, yuht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁸, jyt⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yud³, yud⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚³/, /jyːt̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yet
  - Hakka Romanization System: ied`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yad⁵
  - IPA: /i̯et̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yat
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iad`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yad⁵
  - IPA: /(j)i̯at̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: it
  - Tâi-lô: it
  - Phofsit Daibuun: id
  - IPA (Xiamen): /it̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /it̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /it̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /it̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /it̚³²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: iq (T4)
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠiɪt̚/▼

Rime
Character	乙
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	質 (49)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	於筆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjit̚/
Li Rong	/ʔjĕt̚/
Wang Li	/ĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yi

Old Chinese▼

(Baxter-Sagart): /*qrət/

(Zhengzhang): /*qriɡ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乙
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔit ›
Old Chinese	/*qrət/
English	2nd heavenly stem
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乙
Reading #	1/1
No.	14921
Phonetic component	乙
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	乙
Old Chinese	/*qriɡ/
Notes	甲乙字收ɡ尾與燕乙字收d尾小分部有異

Definitions[edit]

乙

The second of the ten heavenly stems (天干 (tiāngān))
second, 2, B, II, beta (used for unnamed people or object, to enumarate headings in a list, for grade)

路人甲和路人乙 ― lùrén jiǎ hé lùrén yǐ ― passerby A and passerby B

他法語成績得了乙。 [MSC, trad.]

他法语成绩得了乙。 [MSC, simp.]

Tā fǎyǔ chéngjī dé le yǐ. [Pinyin]

He got a B in French.

乙肝 ― yǐgān ― hepatitis B
(chemistry) eth-; ethyl

乙烷 ― yǐwán ― ethane
the seventh scale degree in Gongche musical notation (工尺譜／工尺谱 (gōngchěpǔ))
(literary, formal) one

（公文）……加乙份。 ― (gōngwén)...... Jiā yǐ fèn. ― (In official letters) …added one copy.
A surname.

Coordinate terms[edit]

(heavenly stems) 天干; 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds[edit]

三氯乙烯
三氯乙烷
乙炔 (yǐquē)
乙烯 (yǐxī)
乙烷 (yǐwán)
乙等特考
乙覽／乙览
乙酸 (yǐsuān)
乙醇 (yǐchún)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Goon: おつ (otsu, Jōyō); おち (ochi)
Kan’on: いつ (itsu)
Kun: きのと (kinoto, 乙); おと (oto, 乙)

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
乙
おつ Grade: S
on’yomi

This entry lacks etymological information. If you are familiar with the origin of this term, please add it to the page per etymology instructions. You can also discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) おつ [òtsú] (Heiban – [0])
- IPA^(key): [o̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Adjectival noun[edit]

乙 (-na inflection, hiragana おつ, rōmaji otsu)

strange
interestingly strange, spicy

Inflection[edit]

Inflection of "乙な"

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	乙だろ	おつだろ	otsu daro
Continuative (連用形)	乙で	おつで	otsu de
Terminal (終止形)	乙だ	おつだ	otsu da
Attributive (連体形)	乙な	おつな	otsu na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	乙なら	おつなら	otsu nara
Imperative (命令形)	乙であれ	おつであれ	otsu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	乙ではない乙じゃない	おつではないおつじゃない	otsu de wa nai otsu ja nai
Informal past	乙だった	おつだった	otsu datta
Informal negative past	乙ではなかった乙じゃなかった	おつではなかったおつじゃなかった	otsu de wa nakatta otsu ja nakatta
Formal	乙です	おつです	otsu desu
Formal negative	乙ではありません乙じゃありません	おつではありませんおつじゃありません	otsu de wa arimasen otsu ja arimasen
Formal past	乙でした	おつでした	otsu deshita
Formal negative past	乙ではありませんでした乙じゃありませんでした	おつではありませんでしたおつじゃありませんでした	otsu de wa arimasen deshita otsu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	乙で	おつで	otsu de
Conditional	乙なら（ば）	おつなら（ば）	otsu nara (ba)
Provisional	乙だったら	おつだったら	otsu dattara
Volitional	乙だろう	おつだろう	otsu darō
Adverbial	乙に	おつに	otsu ni
Degree	乙さ	おつさ	otsusa

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
乙
おつ Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 乙 (ʔit)

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) おつ [óꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
- (Tokyo) おつ [òtsú] (Heiban – [0])
- IPA^(key): [o̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun[edit]

乙 (hiragana おつ, rōmaji otsu)

the second
the latter

Proper noun[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

乙

Wikipedia ^ja

乙 (hiragana おつ, rōmaji Otsu)

the second of the ten Heavenly Stems

Interjection[edit]

乙 (hiragana おつ, rōmaji otsu)

(Internet slang) Clipping of お疲れ様です (otsukaresama desu).

Derived terms[edit]

うぽつ (upotsu), うｐ乙 (おつ) (upotsu)

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
乙
きのと Grade: S
kun’yomi

木 (Ki, “Wood”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) きのと [kìnóꜜtò] (Nakadaka – [2])
- IPA^(key): [kʲino̞to̞]

Proper noun[edit]

乙 (hiragana きのと, rōmaji Kinoto)

the second of the ten Heavenly Stems

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

乙 • (eul)

Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 을 (revised: eul, McCune-Reischauer: ŭl)
- Name (hangeul): 새 (revised: sae, McCune-Reischauer: sae)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乙

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

乙 (ất, át, ắc, ắt, hắt, ặc, lớt)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Nom Foundation

乙

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Coordinate terms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

See also[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjectival noun[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Interjection[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

References[edit]

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