list

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: List, līst, лист, and ліст

English[edit]

WOTD – 19 October 2018
The white printed strip is the selvage of a piece of cloth. Such selvage is sometimes made with list (sense 2)
A list (sense 3) of the Roman Catholic popes buried in St. Peter’s Basilica on a plaque at the entrance to the Sacristy

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English lī̆st, lī̆ste (“band, stripe; hem, selvage; border, edge, rim; list, specification; barriers enclosing area for jousting, etc.”), from Old English līste (“hem, edge, strip”), or Old French liste, listre (“border; band; strip of paper; list”), or Medieval Latin lista,[1] all from Proto-West Germanic *līstā, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ (“band, strip; hem, selvage; border, edge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to trace, track”). The word is cognate with Saterland Frisian Lieste (“margin, strip, list”), Dutch lijst (“picture frame, list”), German Low German Liest (“edging, border”), German Leiste (“strip, rail, ledge; (heraldry) bar”), Swedish lista (“list”), Icelandic lista, listi (“list”), Italian lista (“list; strip”), Portuguese lista (“list”), Spanish lista (“list, roll; stripe”), Galician lista (“band, strip; list”), Finnish lista (“(informal) list; batten”).

Noun[edit]

list (plural lists)

  1. A strip of fabric, especially from the edge of a piece of cloth.
    • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii], lines 27–34, page 62, column 1:
      1. Gent[leman]. Well: there went but a paire of ſheeres betweene vs. / Luc[io]. I grant: as there may betweene the Liſts, and the Veluet. Thou art the Liſt. / 1. Gent. And thou the Veluet. Thou art good Veluet; thou'rt a three pild-piece I warrant thee: I had as liefe be a Lyſt of an Engliſh Kerſey, as be pil'd, as thou art pil'd, for a French Veluet. Do I ſpeake feelingly now?
      1st Gentleman. Well, you and I are cut from the same cloth. / Lucio. I agree: just as the lists [scraps from the edge of the cloth] and the velvet are from the same cloth. You are the list. / 1st Gentleman. And you are the velvet. You are good velvet; you are a three-piled piece, I'll bet. I would willingly be a list of an English kersey, than be full of piles [haemorrhoids], as you are piled, like a French velvet. Do I speak feelingly now?
    • 1913, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Poison Belt‎[2]:
      Why should we not send a message out over London which would attract to us anyone who might still be alive? I ran across, and pulling at the list-covered rope, I was surprised to find how difficult it was to swing the bell.
  2. Material used for cloth selvage.
    • 1871 September 18, “The Jewish New Year”, in The Jewish Herald: A Record of Christian Effort for the Salvation of Israel, London: John Snow & Co., […]; and the British Society [for the Propagation of the Gospel Among the Jews], […], published 1 November 1871, OCLC 749304689, page 174:
      Previous to the offering up of prayer, however, the persons chosen for this office [of praying for the people] had divested themselves of their boots and put on list slippers, their hands being washed by "the descendants of Levi" at a basin near the Holy of Holies.
    • 1893, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Naval Treaty”, in The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt, OCLC 691143; republished London: John Murray, […], January 1950, OCLC 632221174, page 255:
      "How is it, then, that the woman who came into the room about nine left to traces with her muddy boots?" / "I am glad you raise the point. It occurred to me at the time. The charwomen are in the habit of taking off their boots at the commissionaire's office, and putting on list slippers."
  3. A register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself. [from 1600]
    • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Youth and Age. XLII.”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, OCLC 863521290, pages 247–248:
      Natures that haue much Heat, and great and violent deſires and Perturbations, are not ripe for Action, till they haue paſſed the Meridian of their yeares: As it was with Iulius Cæſar, and Septimius Seuerus. […] And yet he [Septimus Severus] was the Ableſt Emperour, almoſt, of all the Liſt.
    • 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave I. Marley’s Ghost.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], OCLC 55746801, pages 11–12:
      "Scrooge and Marley's, I believe," said one of the gentlemen, referring to his list. "Have I the pleasure of addressing Mr. Scrooge, or Mr. Marley?"
    • 2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut: How microbes promote liver cancer in the overweight”, in The Economist‎[3], volume 407, number 8842, pages 72–73:
      Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. […] Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism. Dr Yoshimoto and his colleagues would like to add liver cancer to that list.
  5. (in the plural, historical) The barriers or palisades used to fence off a space for jousting or tilting tournaments.
  6. (in the plural, military, historical) The scene of a military contest; the ground or field of combat; an enclosed space that serves as a battlefield; the site of a pitched battle.
    • 1862, John Williamson Palmer, Stonewall Jackson's Way :
      Come, stack arms, Men! Pile on the rails; stir up the campfire bright; no matter if the canteen fails, we'll make a roaring night. Here Shenandoah brawls along, there burly Blue Ridge echoes strong, to swell the Brigade's rousing song, of “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
      We see him now — the old slouched hat cocked o’er his eye askew, the shrewd, dry smile, the speech so pat, so calm, so blunt, so true. The “Blue-Light Elder” knows ’em well; says he, “That’s Banks — he’s fond of shell; Lord save his soul! We’ll give him” — well, that’s “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
      Silence! Ground arms! Kneel all! Caps off! Old Blue Light’s going to pray. Strangle the fool that dares to scoff: Attention! 'Tis his way. Appealing from his native sod in forma pauperis to God: “Lay bare thine arm, stretch forth thy rod! Amen!” That’s “Stonewall’s Way.”
      He’s in the saddle now. Fall in! Steady, the whole brigade! Hill’s at the ford, cut off — we’ll win his way out, ball and blade! What matter if our shoes are worn? What matter if our feet are torn? “Quick step! We’re with him before the morn!” That’s “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
      The sun’s bright lances rout the mists of morning, and by George! Here’s Longstreet struggling in the lists, hemmed in an ugly gorge. Pope and his Yankees, whipped before, “Bay’nets and grape!” hear Stonewall roar; “Charge, Stuart! Pay off Ashby’s score!” in “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
      Ah! Maiden, wait and watch and yearn for news of Stonewall’s band! Ah! Widow read with eyes that burn that ring upon thy hand. Ah! Wife, sew on, pray on, hope on! Thy life shall not be all forlorn. The foe had better ne’er been born that gets in “Stonewall’s Way.”
  7. (computing, programming) A codified representation of a list used to store data or in processing; especially, in the Lisp programming language, a data structure consisting of a sequence of zero or more items.
    • 1985 March 10, Ed Acly, “A Tale of Three Languages: C, Ada & Lisp”, in Computerworld: The Newsweekly for the Computer Community, volume XIX, number 12, Framingham, Mass.: CW Communications, ISSN 0010-4841, OCLC 234191689, page ID/10, columns 1–2:
      Lisp is an applicative language. This means that it is structured around applying functions (operations) to a linked list of arguments that accompany those functions. […] A function call or function definition is only coded in the syntax of a list, which can be of an indefinite length. Thus, the list is the only data structure for a Lisp program.
  8. (architecture) A little square moulding; a fillet or listel.
    • 1788, [John Carter], “STRIÆ”, in The Builder’s Magazine: Or, A Universal Dictionary for Architects, Carpenters, Masons, Bricklayers, &c. […], new edition, London: Printed for E. Newbery, […], OCLC 12051583, page 284:
      STRIÆ, in ancient architecture, the liſts, fillets or rays which ſeparate the ſtriges or flutings of columns.
    • 1876, Edward Shaw; Thomas W[illiam] Silloway; George M[ilford] Harding, “Introduction”, in Civil Architecture; being a Complete Theoretical and Practical System of Building, Containing the Fundamental Principles of the Art. […], 11th edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Henry Carey Baird & Co., […], OCLC 191228916, page 22, column 2:
      A volute is a kind of spiral scroll, used in the Ionic and Composite capitals, of which it makes the principal characteristic and ornament. […] There are several diversities practised in the volute. In some, the list or edge, throughout all the circumvolutions, is in the same line or plane. […] [I]n others, the canal or one circumvolution is detached from the list of another by a vacuity or aperture.
  9. (carpentry) A narrow strip of wood, especially sapwood, cut from the edge of a board or plank.
  10. (ropemaking) A piece of woollen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a worker.
  11. (tin-plate manufacture) The first thin coating of tin; a wire-like rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated.
  12. (obsolete) A stripe.
    • 1650, Thomas Browne, “Of the Same [i.e., the Blacknesse of Negroes]”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], OCLC 152706203, 6th book, page 282:
      Thus the Aſſe having a peculiar mark of a croſſe made by a black liſt down his back, and another athwart, or at right angles down his ſhoulders; common opinion aſcribes this figure unto a peculiar ſignation; ſince that beaſt had the honour to bear our Saviour on his back.
  13. (obsolete) A boundary or limit; a border.
    • c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, OCLC 932916628, [Act IV, scene i]:
      [W]ere it good / […] to ſet ſo rich a maine / On the nice hazard of one doubtfull houre? / It were not good for therein ſhould we read / The very bottome and the ſoule of hope, / The very liſt, the very vtmost bound / Of all our fortunes.
      Is it good / […] to place so high a stake / On the risky hazard of one doubtful hour? / No, it would be no good for we would read into it that we had reached / The end of our hope, / The very limit, the very utmost boundary / Of all our luck.
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Collocations[edit]
Collocations
  • long list
  • short list
  • whole list
  • full list
  • complete list
  • partial list
  • exhaustive list
  • comprehensive list
  • extensive list
  • detailed list
  • electoral list
  • mental list
  • suspect list
  • impressive list
  • alphabetical list
  • active list
  • official list
  • eligible list
Translations[edit]
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb[edit]

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (transitive) To create or recite a list.
  2. (transitive) To place in listings.
    • 1993, Ooi Jin Bee, “The Tropical Rain Forest: Patterns of Exploitation and Trade”, in Tropical Deforestation: The Tyranny of Time, Singapore: Singapore University Press, →ISBN, page 62:
      As the export market for tropical hardwoods expanded, timber from tropical rain forests very rapidly became the dominant or major forest product, dominant to such an extent that trade figures often do not even list the minor forest products exported, or their value.
  3. (transitive) To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of colours, or to form a border.
  4. (transitive) To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; to stripe as if with list.
    to list a door
  5. (transitive, agriculture) To plough and plant with a lister.
  6. (transitive, agriculture, chiefly Southern US) To prepare (land) for a cotton crop by making alternating beds and alleys with a hoe.
  7. (transitive, carpentry) To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of.
    to list a board
  8. (transitive, military) To enclose (a field, etc.) for combat.
  9. (transitive, obsolete) To engage a soldier, etc.; to enlist.
    • 1642 October 28, [Philip Morant], History and Antiquities of the Borough of Colchester, in the County of Essex. […], Colchester, Essex: Printed and sold by I. Marsden, [...], published 1810, OCLC 14454124, pages 48–49:
      […] It is therefore ordered that the Maior and Aldermen of Colchester [et al.], shall forthwith procure and raise in the said severall townes, and other pleces adjacent, two thousand horses for dragooners, or as manie as possible they may, for the service as aforesaid, and with all possible speed to send them up to London unto Thomas Browne Grocer, and Maximilian Beard Girdler, by us appointed to list horses for the service aforesaid; […]
    • 1822, [Walter Scott], chapter IV, in Peveril of the Peak. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., OCLC 2392685, page 107:
      "I have a gun, madam," said little Julian, "and the park-keeper is to teach me how to fire it next year." / "I will list you for my soldier, then," said the Countess.
  10. (intransitive, obsolete) To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist.
  11. To give a building of architectural or historical interest listed status; see also the adjective listed.
    • 2021 February 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards honour the best restoration projects: The London Underground Operational Enhancement Award: Hanwell”, in RAIL, number 946, page 55:
      A century later, BR demolished the downside main buildings, so the eastbound and central platforms were promptly listed - which has ensured their survival, albeit increasingly neglected in recent years. This has now been rectified, [...].
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from list (verb)
Translations[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle English list, liste (“ability, cleverness, cunning, skill; adroitness, dexterity; strategem, trick; device, design, token”), from Old English list (“art, craft; cleverness, cunning, experience, skill”),[2] from Proto-West Germanic *listi, from Proto-Germanic *listiz (“art, craft”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *leyǝs- (“furrow, trace, track, trail”). The word is cognate with Dutch list (“artifice, guile, sleight; ruse, strategem”), German List (“cunning, guile; ploy, ruse, trick”), Low German list (“artifice, cunning; prudence, wisdom”), Icelandic list (“art”), Saterland Frisian list (“cunning, knowledge”), Scots list (“art, craft, skill; cunning”), Swedish list (“art; cunning, guile, wile; ruse, trick; stealth”), and possibly Spanish listo (“clever”). It is also related to learn, lore.

Noun[edit]

list (uncountable)

  1. (archaic) Art; craft; cunning; skill.
    • 1877 November 16, “Vaticanism”, in The Literary World. Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, volume XVI, number 420 (New Series), London: James Clarke & Co., […], OCLC 221123288, page 313, column 3:
      In discussing the Syllabus and the last dogma of 1870, so much must be allowed for Italian list and cunning, or a word-fence. An Englishman, with his matter-of-fact way of putting things, is no match for these gentry.
    • 1893, S[olomon] C[aesar] Malan, chapter XXVI, in Original Notes on the Book of Proverbs. Mostly from Eastern Writings, volume III (Ch. xxi.–xxxi.), London: Williams and Norgate, […], OCLC 610436370, page 349:
      Sophos, fab[le] 40. "The foxes had heard that the fowls were sick, and went to see them decked in peacock's feathers; said of men who speak friendly, but only with list or cunning within."
    • 1897, Lilian Winser, “Lossenbury Woods”, in Lays and Legends of the Weald of Kent, London: Elkin Mathews, […], OCLC 456507096, page 44:
      For when the guileful monster smiled / Snakes left their holes and hissed,— / And stroking soft his silken beard / Raised creatures full of list.
    • 1990, Alexander L. Ringer, “The Rise of Urban Musical Life between the Revolutions, 1789–1848”, in Alexander [L.] Ringer, editor, The Early Romantic Era: Between Revolutions: 1789 and 1848 (Man and Music; 6), Basingstoke, Hampshire; London: The Macmillan Press, DOI:10.1007/978-1-439-11297-5, →ISBN, figure 13, caption, page 22:
      'The general bass, in its fixed lines, is taken by surprise and overwhelmed by List [[Franz] Liszt]' (List = cunning); anonymous lithograph (c 1842).
    • 1992, Reading Medieval Studies: Annual Proceedings of the Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies in the University of Reading, [Reading, Berkshire]: Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Reading, ISSN 0950-3129, OCLC 624457645, page 92:
      [Der] Pleier […] provides a 'courtly corrective' to Daniel in the shape of his hero, Garel. The latter wins his fight not by list but through straightforward knightly prowess, […]
    • 2000, Jakov Ljubarskij, “John Kinnamos as a Writer”, in Cordula Scholz and Georgios Makris, editors, ΠΟΛΥΠΛΕΥΡΟΣ ΝΟΥΣ [POLYPLEUROS NOUS]: Miscellanea für Peter Schreiner zu seinem 60. Geburtstag [VERSATILE MIND: Miscellanea for Peter Schreiner for His 60th Birthday] (Byzantinisches Archiv [Byzantine Archive]; 19), Munich; Leipzig: K[laus] G[erhard] Saur, →ISBN, footnote 11, page 166:
      It is worth noting that, contrary to Alexios who according to his daughter did not scruple to use any tricks to achieve his goal, Manuel [I Komnenos], as depicted by [John] Kinnamos, preferred "to win by war rather than by list" […].
    • 2008, Jon B. Sherman, The Magician in Medieval German Literature (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation), Urbana; Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, OCLC 695692595:
      One man can accomplish with list (magic), that which a thousand could not accomplish, regardless of how strong they were.
Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

From Middle English listen, from Old English hlystan (“to listen”), from hlyst (“hearing”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlusti, from Proto-Germanic *hlustiz (“hearing”).

Verb[edit]

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle list)

  1. (intransitive, poetic) To listen.
  2. (transitive, poetic) To listen to.
Translations[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

From Middle English listen, list, liste, leste, lesten (“to choose, desire, wish (to do something)”), from Old English lystan,[3] from Proto-West Germanic *lustijan, from Proto-Germanic *lustijaną, from Proto-Germanic *lustuz (“pleasure”). The word is cognate with Saterland Frisian läste (“to wish for, desire, crave”), West Frisian lêste (“to like, desire”), Dutch lusten (“to appreciate, like; to lust”), German lüsten, gelüsten (“to desire, want, crave”), Danish lyste (“to desire, feel like, want”), Faroese lysta (“to desire”).

The noun sense is from the verb, or from Middle English list, liste, lest, leste (“desire, wish; craving, longing; enjoyment, joy, pleasure”), which is derived from Middle English listen, list (verb).[4]

Verb[edit]

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (transitive, archaic) To be pleasing to.
  2. (transitive, archaic) To desire, like, or wish (to do something).
    • c. 1536-1542, Thomas Wyatt, “Yf in the world ther be more woo”, in Egerton MS 2711‎[4], page 63r:
      who liſt to lyue yn quyetnes
      by me lett hym beware
      For I by highe dyſdayne
      ame made withoute redreſſe
      and vnkyndenes Alas hathe ſlayne
      my poore trew hart all comfortles
    • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii], page 12, column 2:
      If thou beeſt a man, ſhew thy ſelfe in thy likeneſs. If thou beeſt a diuell, take't as thou liſt.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, John 3:8:
      The winde bloweth where it liſteth, and thou heareſt the ſound thereof, but canſt not tel whence it commeth, and whither it goeth: So is euery one that is borne of the Spirit.
    • 1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], OCLC 228725984; reprinted in The Pilgrim’s Progress (The Noel Douglas Replicas), London: Noel Douglas, […], 1928, OCLC 5190338, page 206:
      What! would you have us truſt to what Chriſt in his own perſon has done without us! This conceit would looſen the reines of our luſt, and tollerate us to live as we liſt: For what matter how we live, if we may be Juſtified by Chriſts perſonal righteouſneſs from all, when we believe it?
    • 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “Unworking Aristocracy”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, OCLC 191225086, book III (The Modern Worker), page 177:
      Ye are as gods, that can create soil. Soil-creating gods there is no withstanding. They have the might to sell wheat at what price they list; and the right, to all lengths, and famine-lengths,—if they be pitiless infernal gods!
    • 1959, Leo Strauss, “What is Political Philosophy?”, in What is Political Philosophy?: And Other Studies, Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, OCLC 497094, page 51:
      License consists in doing what one lists; liberty consists in doing in the right manner the good only; and our knowledge of the good must come from a higher principle, from above.
    • 1994, John [Wyon] Burrow, The Historian: The Magazine for Members of the Historical Association, London: The Historical Association, ISSN 0265-1076, OCLC 423924578, page 176, column 2:
      The spirit seemed to blow where it listed among a historically motley collection of Catholic theologians, Puritan zealots and American squires.
Translations[edit]

Noun[edit]

list

  1. (obsolete) Desire, inclination.
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

Uncertain;[5] possibly from tilting on lists in jousts,[6] or from Etymology 4 in the sense of inclining towards what one desires.[7]

Noun[edit]

list (plural lists)

  1. (architecture) A tilt to a building.
  2. (nautical) A careening or tilting to one side, usually not intentionally or under a vessel's own power. [from early 17th c.]
Translations[edit]

Verb[edit]

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

  1. (transitive, nautical) To cause (something) to tilt to one side. [from early 17th c.]
    the steady wind listed the ship
  2. (intransitive, nautical) To tilt to one side. [from early 17th c.]
    the ship listed to port
    • 2000, Bob Foster, Birdum or Bust!, Henley Beach, SA: Seaview Press, page 173:
      Even a small camber one way caused the whole outfit to list alarmingly.
Translations[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ “lī̆st(e, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 16 June 2018.
  2. ^ “list(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 24 June 2018.
  3. ^ “listen, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 17 June 2018.
  4. ^ “list, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 17 June 2018.
  5. ^ “list”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
  6. ^ William Long (6 November 2005), “List..the Word II”, in Drbilllong.com‎[1], archived from the original on 2012-04-20.
  7. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “list, n. 3”, in Online Etymology Dictionary, retrieved 24 June 2018.

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English list.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Also pronounced as IPA(key): /lɪs⁵⁵/

Noun[edit]

list

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) list; enumeration or compilation of items; the paper or document of which the list is written or printed on (Classifier: 個／个 c; 張／张 c; 條／条 c)

Verb[edit]

list

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to list; to create a list of items

Czech[edit]

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Etymology[edit]

From Old Czech list, from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

list m inan

  1. leaf (green and flat organ of vegetative plants)
  2. (archaic) letter (written message)
    Synonyms: dopis, psaní
  3. sheet (sheet of paper)
  4. newspaper
    Polský list Dziennik Gazeta Prawna nejdříve napsal, že polská hlava státu podepíše dokument ve středu. (iDNES)
  5. certificate (document containing a certified statement)
    rodný list ― birth certificate
    úmrtní list ― death certificate

Declension[edit]

Declension of list
singular plural
nominative list listy
genitive listu listů
dative listu listům
accusative list listy
vocative liste listy
locative listu, listě listech
instrumental listem listy

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • list in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • list in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • list in Internetová jazyková příručka

Danish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈlesd/, [ˈle̝st]

Noun[edit]

list c (singular definite listen, not used in plural form)

  1. cunning, trick

Verb[edit]

list

  1. imperative of liste

References[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Dutch list, from Old Dutch list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

list f (plural listen, diminutive listje n)

  1. a cunning plan, a ruse, a trick

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Afrikaans: lis
  • Negerhollands: list

Anagrams[edit]

Faroese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

list f (genitive singular listar, plural listir)

  1. art

Declension[edit]

Declension of list
f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative list listin listir listirnar
accusative list listina listir listirnar
dative list listini listum listunum
genitive listar listarinnar lista listanna

Icelandic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

list f (genitive singular listar, nominative plural listir)

  1. art
    Þetta er ekki list!
    That's not art!

Declension[edit]

declension of list
f-s2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative list listin listir listirnar
accusative list listina listir listirnar
dative list listinni listum listunum
genitive listar listarinnar lista listanna

Derived terms[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Lower Sorbian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

list m (diminutive listk)

  1. leaf, foliage
  2. letter (a written message)

Declension[edit]

Declension of list
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative list lista listy
Genitive lista listowu listow
Dative listoju listoma listam
Accusative list lista listy
Instrumental listom listoma listami
Locative lisće listoma listach

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse list.

Noun[edit]

list m or f (definite singular lista or listen)

  1. cunning, craftiness, slyness
  2. skirting board

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

list

  1. imperative of liste

References[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse list.

Noun[edit]

list f (definite singular lista)

  1. cunning, craftiness, slyness

References[edit]

Old English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *listiz. Cognate with Old Saxon list, Dutch list, Old High German list (German List), Old Norse list (Swedish list).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

list m or f

  1. art; cunning, guile, craft

Declension[edit]

Declension of list (strong i-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative list listas
accusative list listas
genitive listes lista
dative liste listum
Declension of list (strong ō-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative list lista, liste
accusative liste lista, liste
genitive liste lista
dative liste listum

Descendants[edit]

Old Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

list f

  1. skill, proficiency
  2. art, craft
  3. cunning, slyness
  4. resort

Declension[edit]

Declension of list (i-stem)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative list listin listi(r), -e(r) listina(r), -ena(r)
accusative list listina, -ena listi(r), -e(r) listina(r), -ena(r)
dative list listinni, -inne listum, -om listumin, -omen
genitive lista(r) listinna(r) lista listanna

Descendants[edit]

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Noun[edit]

list m inan (diminutive liścik)

  1. letter (a written message)
Declension[edit]
Declension of list
singular plural
nominative list listy
genitive listu listów
dative listowi listom
accusative list listy
instrumental listem listami
locative liście listach
vocative liście listy
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun[edit]

list f

  1. genitive plural of lista

Further reading[edit]

  • list in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • list in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic листъ (listŭ).

Noun[edit]

list n (plural listuri)

  1. (obsolete) leaf, page

Declension[edit]

Declension of list
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) list listul (niște) listuri listurile
genitive/dative (unui) list listului (unor) listuri listurilor
vocative listule listurilor

References[edit]

  • list in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

lȋst m (Cyrillic spelling ли̑ст)

  1. leaf
    Synonym: lȉska
  2. (computing) leaf
  3. sheet (of paper or other material manufactured in thin sheets)
  4. a special purpose certificate (any official document attesting a fact, e.g. of birth, ownership etc.)
  5. newsletter, newspaper
  6. (obsolete) letter (written message)
  7. calf (leg part)
  8. sole, flatfish (fish species)
  9. (card games) leaves

Declension[edit]

Declension of list
singular plural
nominative lȋst lȉstovi
genitive lista lȉstōvā
dative listu listovima
accusative list listove
vocative listu listovi
locative listu listovima
instrumental listom listovima

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

German suits in Serbo-Croatian · njemačke boje, nemačke boje, mađarske boje (layout · text)
crvena, srce bundeva, tikva zelena, zelje, list žir

References[edit]

  • “list” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovak[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

list m (genitive singular listu, lista, nominative plural listy, genitive plural listov, declension pattern of dub)

  1. letter; a written message
  2. leaf; a part of a tree
  3. sheet; a piece of paper

Declension[edit]

Declension of list
singular plural
nominative list listy
genitive listu, lista listov
dative listu listom
accusative list listy
locative liste listoch
instrumental listom listami

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • list in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

Slovene[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

lȋst m inan

  1. piece of paper
  2. leaf
  3. sole
  4. (anatomy) calf (leg part)

Inflection[edit]

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing. líst
gen. sing. lísta
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		líst lísta lísti
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		lísta lístov lístov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		lístu lístoma lístom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		líst lísta líste
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		lístu lístih lístih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		lístom lístoma lísti

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “list”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Swedish list, from Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz, from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *leyǝs-. Cognate with Icelandic list.

Noun[edit]

list c

  1. smartness, trick, cunning
Declension[edit]
Declension of list 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative list listen lister listerna
Genitive lists listens listers listernas
Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Swedish lista, probably from Middle Low German lîste, from Proto-Germanic *līstǭ. Cognate with Danish liste, Icelandic lista.

Noun[edit]

list c

  1. a strip (of wood or metal, a thin and long board), a border, a beading
  2. (graphical user interface) a bar
Declension[edit]
Declension of list 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative list listen lister listerna
Genitive lists listens listers listernas
Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Upper Sorbian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *listъ (“leaf”).

Noun[edit]

list m

  1. letter

Further reading[edit]

  • “list” in Soblex
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=list&oldid=71758706"