並べる
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 並 |
| なら Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 竝べる (kyūjitai) 双べる |
Etymology
[edit]The regular 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) shift of Old Japanese and Classical Japanese verb 並ぶ (narabu, “to line up (intransitive); to line something up (transitive)”).[1][2]
The root verb narabu appears in Old Japanese, at least as early as the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.[1][2]
Probably reflecting the same nara root as verb 均す・平す (narasu, “to flatten something out, to line something up horizontally”) + ぶ (bu, suffix attaching to nouns and adjectives to indicate ongoing state or likeness). If so, probably deriving ultimately from verb 成る・為る・生る (naru, “to come into being; to become”), 慣る・馴る・狎る・熟る (naru, “to become normal, to become regular, to become fitting”, classical form of modern なれる (nareru)).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) ならべる [nàrábérú] (Heiban – [0])[2][3][4]
- (Tokyo) ならべる [nàrábérúꜜ] (Odaka – [4])[4]
- IPA(key): [na̠ɾa̠be̞ɾɯ̟]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「並べる」
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
並べる | ならべる | [nàrábérú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 並べろ | ならべろ | [nàrábéró] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 並べられる | ならべられる | [nàrábérárérú] |
| Causative | 並べさせる | ならべさせる | [nàrábésásérú] |
| Potential | 並べられる | ならべられる | [nàrábérárérú] |
| Volitional | 並べよう | ならべよー | [nàrábéyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 並べない | ならべない | [nàrábénáí] |
| Negative perfective | 並べなかった | ならべなかった | [nàrábénáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 並べます | ならべます | [nàrábémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 並べた | ならべた | [nàrábétá] |
| Conjunctive | 並べて | ならべて | [nàrábété] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 並べれば | ならべれば | [nàrábéréꜜbà] |
Verb
[edit]並べる • (naraberu) transitive ichidan (stem 並べ (narabe), past 並べた (narabeta))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 並べる |
| mediopassive | 並ぶ |
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 並べ | ならべ | narabe | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 並べ | ならべ | narabe | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 並べる | ならべる | naraberu | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 並べる | ならべる | naraberu | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 並べれ | ならべれ | narabere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 並べよ¹ 並べろ² |
ならべよ¹ ならべろ² |
narabeyo¹ narabero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 並べられる | ならべられる | naraberareru | |
| Causative | 並べさせる 並べさす |
ならべさせる ならべさす |
narabesaseru narabesasu | |
| Potential | 並べられる 並べれる³ |
ならべられる ならべれる³ |
naraberareru narabereru³ | |
| Volitional | 並べよう | ならべよう | narabeyō | |
| Negative | 並べない 並べぬ 並べん |
ならべない ならべぬ ならべん |
narabenai narabenu naraben | |
| Negative continuative | 並べず | ならべず | narabezu | |
| Formal | 並べます | ならべます | narabemasu | |
| Perfective | 並べた | ならべた | narabeta | |
| Conjunctive | 並べて | ならべて | narabete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 並べれば | ならべれば | narabereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN