並

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See also: 并, 幷, and 竝
並 U+4E26, 並
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E26
← 严
[U+4E25] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丧 →
[U+4E27]
並 旧字形.png
並 U+FA70, 並
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA70
[unassigned: U+FA6E–U+FA6F]
← 舘
[U+FA6D] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 况 →
[U+FA71]

Translingual[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • A graphical variant exists for this character, with the dots on either side of the bottom component 亚 written as right angles (𠃊 and 𠃎) instead of the usual dots (丶 and ㇒).
    • In the historical Kangxi dictionary, derived characters of 並 such as 掽 and 湴 are written using this form but not the character 並 itself.
    • This variant is also the 舊字形／旧字形 (jiùzìxíng) form of 並 used in printed publications before 1965 in mainland China.
    • A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+FA70 for this variant that is used in North Korean computing.

Han character[edit]

並 (radical 1, 一+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿金 (TTC), four-corner 80102, composition ⿱䒑业 or ⿱丷亚(U+4E26) or ⿳䒑⿲𠃊⿰丨丨𠃎一(U+FA70))

Derived characters[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • KangXi: page 78, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 54
  • Dae Jaweon: page 157, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 246, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4E26

Chinese[edit]

trad. 並
simp. 并*
alternative forms 傡
竝
𡘋
𠀤

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 並
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
並-bronze-shang.svg 並-oracle.svg 並-bronze.svg 並-bronze-warring.svg 並-silk.svg 並-seal.svg 並-bigseal.svg
Bronze inscriptions
ACC-b15309.svg

b15309

ACC-b15310.svg

b15310

ACC-b15311.svg

b15311

ACC-b15312.svg

b15312

Small seal script
ACC-s07575.svg

s07575

Transcribed ancient scripts
ACC-L35159.svg

L35159

ACC-L35160.svg

L35160

ACC-L35161.svg

L35161

ACC-L35162.svg

L35162

ACC-L35163.svg

L35163

ACC-L35164.svg

L35164

60px

L35165

60px

L35166

60px

L35167

60px

L17728

60px

L17729

60px

L17730

60px

L17731

60px

L17732

60px

L17733

60px

L17734

60px

L17735

60px

L17736

60px

L17737

60px

L17738

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (並) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
湴 *breːms
跰 *preŋs, *beːn
並 *beːŋʔ
竝 *beːŋʔ

From the clerical script (隸書) of 竝 (OC *beːŋʔ).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • bêng - literary;
  • piâng - vernacular.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • “than; to compete; the most”:
      • pēng (Xiamen, Zhangzhou);
      • pěng (Quanzhou);
      • phēng (Zhangzhou, Taiwan.
    • other senses:
      • pēng.
  • (Teochew)
    • Note:
    • bong6 - vernacular;
    • bêng6 - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 並
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 並 (3)
    Final (韻) 青 (125)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 蒲迥切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/beŋX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/beŋX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/bɛŋX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/bɛjŋX/
    Li
    Rong         		/beŋX/
    Wang
    Li         		/bieŋX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/bʱieŋX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		bìng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		bing6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 並
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bìng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bengX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[b]ˁeŋʔ/
    English side by side, together

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 並
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 964
    Phonetic
    component         		並
    Rime
    group         		耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		竝
    Old
    Chinese         		/*beːŋʔ/
    Notes 同竝，隸變爲並

    Definitions[edit]

    並

    1. to be side by side; to be in a row
      並存 / 并存  ―  bìngcún  ―  to coexist
    2. simultaneously; at the same time
    3. Used before a negative for emphasis; actually; in fact
      並非 / 并非  ―  bìngfēi  ―  in fact is not
      我並沒有跟他說。 / 我并没有跟他说。  ―  Wǒ bìng méiyǒu gēn tā shuō.  ―  I have not told them anything.
    4. and; moreover; furthermore
      並且 / 并且  ―  bìngqiě  ―  moreover
    5. (Min Nan) than
      並你較好 / 并你较好 [Taiwanese Hokkien]  ―  phēng lí khah hó [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  better than you
    6. (Zhangzhou Min Nan) to compete; to match one's strength with
    7. (Taiwanese Hokkien) the most
      這個囡仔並愛哭的。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
      这个囡仔并爱哭的。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
      Chit-ê gín-á phēng ài khàu--ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      This kid likes to cry the most.
    8. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 並 (MC beŋX)

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 並

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    並

    1. † Alternative form of 傍 (bàng, “to be near; approaching”).

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		並

    Kyūjitai

    		竝

    Kanji[edit]

    並

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 竝)

    Readings[edit]

    As a variant of 徬/傍:[1]

    As a variant of 伴, and as in 同竝:[1]

    See also[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    並(なみ) • (nami) 

    1. something medium, average, common, ordinary
    2. a row or line of things

    Compounds[edit]

    Suffix[edit]

    並(なみ) • (-nami) 

    1. average, medium

    Alternative forms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), et al. 広漢和辞典 (Kō Kan-Wa Jiten, “Extensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 3 vols. plus an index. 1981–1982. Tokyo: Taishukan.

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    並 (eumhun 나란히 병 (naranhi byeong))

    並 (eumhun 아우르다 병 (aureuda byeong))

    1. Hanja form? of 병 (“side by side; both; together with”).
    2. equal to
    3. side by side
    4. also, what is more
    5. both

    References[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    並: Hán Nôm readings: tịnh

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

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