並

See also: 并, 幷, and 竝

並	U+4E26, 並 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E26

← 严
[U+4E25]

CJK Unified Ideographs

丧 →
[U+4E27]

並	U+FA70, 並 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA70

[unassigned: U+FA6E–U+FA6F]

← 舘
[U+FA6D]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

况 →
[U+FA71]

Translingual[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

A graphical variant exists for this character, with the dots on either side of the bottom component 亚 written as right angles (𠃊 and 𠃎) instead of the usual dots (丶 and ㇒).
- In the historical Kangxi dictionary, derived characters of 並 such as 掽 and 湴 are written using this form but not the character 並 itself.
- This variant is also the 舊字形／旧字形 (jiùzìxíng) form of 並 used in printed publications before 1965 in mainland China.
- A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+FA70 for this variant that is used in North Korean computing.

Han character[edit]

並 (radical 1, 一+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿金 (TTC), four-corner 8010₂, composition ⿱䒑业 or ⿱丷亚(U+4E26) or ⿳䒑⿲𠃊⿰丨丨𠃎一(U+FA70))

Derived characters[edit]

普, 碰, 椪, 掽, 湴, 潂, 諩, 踫, 䗒, 𠊧, 𠵔, 𡌶, 𢛰, 𦝤, 𪻁, 𡴢, 𠁔, 𠁜, 𠁝, 𡖼, 𫡀, 𤯭, 𣮧, 𣤞, 𪢭, 𤣋, 𤽽, 𧡟, 𨂝, 𨂞, 𦫄, 𨏨, 𨟘, 𩤀, 𩹁, 𠁟, 𫡂, 𫡁, 䰃

Chinese[edit]

trad.		並
simp.		并^*
alternative forms		傡竝𡘋

traditional typeface (舊字形／旧字形 (jiùzìxíng)) of 並

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 並

Shang

Western Zhou

Warring States

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Bronze inscriptions

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Chu Slip and silk script

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

**Bronze inscriptions**
b15309	b15310	b15311	b15312

**Small seal script**
s07575

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L35159	L35160	L35161	L35162	L35163	L35164	60px L35165	60px L35166
60px L35167	60px L17728	60px L17729	60px L17730	60px L17731	60px L17732	60px L17733	60px L17734
60px L17735	60px L17736	60px L17737	60px L17738

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (並) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
湴	*breːms
跰	preŋs, beːn
並	*beːŋʔ
竝	*beːŋʔ

From the clerical script (隸書) of 竝 (OC *beːŋʔ).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bìng (bing⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bing⁶, bing³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pin
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): pēng / pěng / phēng

(Teochew, Peng'im): bong⁶ / bêng⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): bin (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: bìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ping⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: binq
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bing⁶, bing³
  - Yale: bihng, bing
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bing⁶, bing³
  - Guangdong Romanization: bing⁶, bing³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɪŋ²²/, /pɪŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pin
  - Hakka Romanization System: bin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pin⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pēng
  - Tâi-lô: pīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pěng
  - Tâi-lô: pǐng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phēng
  - Tâi-lô: phīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pheng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiɪŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪŋ³³/

Note:

“than; to compete; the most”:
- pēng (Xiamen, Zhangzhou);
- pěng (Quanzhou);
- phēng (Zhangzhou, Taiwan.
other senses:
- pēng.

(Teochew)

Peng'im: bong⁶ / bêng⁶
Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pŏng / pĕng
Sinological IPA ^(key): /poŋ³⁵/, /peŋ³⁵/

Note:

bong6 - vernacular;
bêng6 - literary.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: bin (T3)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̻ɪɲ²³/

Middle Chinese: /beŋ^X/

Rime
Character	並
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	蒲迥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/beŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/beŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/bɛŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bɛjŋ^X/
Li Rong	/beŋ^X/
Wang Li	/bieŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱieŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bìng

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤeŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*beːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	並
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bìng
Middle Chinese	‹ beng^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁeŋʔ/
English	side by side, together
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	並
Reading #	1/1
No.	964
Phonetic component	並
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	竝
Old Chinese	/*beːŋʔ/
Notes	同竝，隸變爲並

Definitions[edit]

並

to be side by side; to be in a row
並存 / 并存 ― bìngcún ― to coexist
simultaneously; at the same time
Used before a negative for emphasis; actually; in fact
並非 / 并非 ― bìngfēi ― in fact is not

我並沒有跟他說。 / 我并没有跟他说。 ― Wǒ bìng méiyǒu gēn tā shuō. ― I have not told them anything.
and; moreover; furthermore
並且 / 并且 ― bìngqiě ― moreover
(Min Nan) than
並你較好 / 并你较好 [Taiwanese] ― phēng lí khah hó [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― better than you
(Zhangzhou Min Nan) to compete; to match one's strength with
(Taiwanese Hokkien) the most
這個囡仔並愛哭的。 [Taiwanese, trad.]
这个囡仔并爱哭的。 [Taiwanese, simp.]
Chit-ê gín-á phēng ài khàu--ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
This kid likes to cry the most.
(～母) (phonology) a Middle Chinese initial and the 'Phags-pa script letter ꡌ (p-)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 並

並舉／并举 (bìngjǔ)
並蒂／并蒂
並蒂蓮／并蒂莲
並行／并行 (bìngxíng)
並行不悖／并行不悖 (bìngxíngbùbèi)
並起／并起 (bìngqǐ)
並跡／并迹
並軌／并轨 (bìngguǐ)
並輳／并辏
並轂／并毂
並轡／并辔
並進／并进 (bìngjìn)
並鄰／并邻
並重／并重 (bìngzhòng)
並非／并非 (bìngfēi)
並頭／并头
並頭之花／并头之花
並頭蓮／并头莲
並馬／并马 (bìngmǎ)
並馳／并驰
並駕／并驾
並駕齊驅／并驾齐驱 (bìngjiàqíqū)
並騖／并骛
並驅／并驱
五行並下／五行并下
俱收並蓄／俱收并蓄
公聽並觀／公听并观
兼容並蓄／兼容并蓄
兼收並蓄／兼收并蓄 (jiānshōubìngxù)
兼籌並顧／兼筹并顾

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bàng (bang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bong⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: bàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄤˋ
  - Wade–Giles: pang⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: banq
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bong⁶
  - Yale: bohng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bong⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: bong⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔːŋ²²/

Definitions[edit]

並

^† Alternative form of 傍 (bàng, “to be near; approaching”).

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	並
Kyūjitai	竝

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Go-on: びょう (byō)^{←びやう (byau, historical)}
Kan-on: へい (hei, Jōyō)
Kun: ならべる (naraberu, 並べる, Jōyō); ならぶ (narabu, 並ぶ, Jōyō); なみ (nami, 並, Jōyō); ならびに (narabini, 並びに, Jōyō)

As a variant of 徬/傍:^[1]

Go-on: ぼう (bō)^{←ばう (bau, historical)}
Kan-on: ほう (hō)^{←はう (fau, historical)}
Kun: よる (yoru, 並る); そう (sou, 並う)^{←そふ (sofu, historical)}; つらなる (tsuranaru, 並なる)

As a variant of 伴, and as in 同竝:^[1]

Go-on: ばん (ban)
Kan-on: はん (han)
Kun: ともなう (tomonau, 並う)^{←ともなふ (tomonafu, historical)}

Noun[edit]

並(なみ) • (nami)

something medium, average, common, ordinary
a row or line of things

Compounds[edit]