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並

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 并, 幷, and 竝

並 U+4E26, 並
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E26
← 严
[U+4E25] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丧 →
[U+4E27]

並 U+FA70, 並
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA70
[unassigned: U+FA6E–U+FA6F]
← 舘
[U+FA6D] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 况 →
[U+FA71]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Alternative forms

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  • A graphical variant exists for this character, with the dots on either side of the bottom component 亚 written as right angles (𠃊 and 𠃎) instead of the usual dots (丶 and ㇒).
    • In the historical Kangxi dictionary, derived characters of 並 such as 掽 and 湴 are written using this form but not the character 並 itself.
      • Additionally, the Kangxi Dictionary frequently used 𠀤, a variant of 並, but ironically not present.
    • This variant is also the 舊字形／旧字形 (jiùzìxíng) form of 並 used in printed publications before 1965 in mainland China.
    • A CJK compatibility ideograph exists at U+FA70 for this variant that is used in North Korean computing. An Ideographic Variation Sequence also exists as U+4E26 U+E0101, producing 並󠄁.

Han character

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並 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿金 (TTC), four-corner 80102, composition ⿱䒑业 or ⿱丷亚(U+4E26) or ⿳䒑⿲𠃊⿰丨丨𠃎一(U+FA70))

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 78, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 54
  • Dae Jaweon: page 157, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 246, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4E26

Chinese

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trad. 並
simp. 并*
alternative forms 傡
竝
𡘋
𠀤

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 並
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
b15309
b15310
b15311
b15312
s07575
Transcribed ancient scripts
L35159
L35160
L35161
L35162
L35163
L35164
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (並) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
湴 *breːms
跰 *preŋs, *beːn
並 *beːŋʔ
竝 *beːŋʔ

From the clerical script (隸書) of 竝 (OC *beːŋʔ), originally depicting two people standing side-by-side.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • bêng - literary;
  • piâng - vernacular.
Note:
  • pia5/pie5/piann5 - vernacular;
  • bing4 - literary.
Note:
  • “than; to compete; the most”:
    • pēng (Xiamen, Zhangzhou);
    • pěng (Quanzhou);
    • phēng (Zhangzhou, Taiwan.
  • other senses:
    • pēng.
Note:
  • bong6 - vernacular;
  • bêng6 - literary.
Rime
Character 並
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 蒲迥切
Baxter bengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/beŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/beŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bɛŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bɛjŋX/
Li
Rong 		/beŋX/
Wang
Li 		/bieŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱieŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bing6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 並
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bìng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bengX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]ˁeŋʔ/
English side by side, together

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 並
Reading # 1/1
No. 964
Phonetic
component 		並
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		竝
Old
Chinese 		/*beːŋʔ/
Notes 同竝，隸變爲並

Definitions

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並

  1. to be side by side; to be in a row
    並存／并存  ―  bìngcún  ―  to coexist
  2. simultaneously; at the same time
  3. Used before a negative for emphasis; actually; in fact
    並非／并非  ―  bìngfēi  ―  in fact is not
    我並沒有跟他說。 [MSC, trad.]
    我并没有跟他说。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ bìng méiyǒu gēn tā shuō. [Pinyin]
    I have not told them anything.
  4. and; moreover; furthermore
    並且／并且  ―  bìngqiě  ―  moreover
  5. (Southern Min) than
    並你較好／并你较好 [Taiwanese Hokkien]  ―  phēng lí khah hó [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  better than you
  6. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to compete; to match one's strength with
  7. (Taiwanese Hokkien) the most
    這個囡仔並愛哭的。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
    这个囡仔并爱哭的。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
    Chit-ê gín-á phēng ài khàu--ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    This kid likes to cry the most.
  8. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 並 (MC bengX)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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並

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 傍 (“to be near; approaching”)

Further reading

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

並

Kyūjitai

竝

Kanji

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並

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 竝)

Readings

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As a variant of 徬/傍:[1]

As a variant of 伴, and as in 同竝:[1]

Pronunciation

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Kanji in this term
並
なみ
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
竝 (kyūjitai)
並み

Noun

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並(なみ) • (nami) 

  1. something medium, average, common, ordinary
  2. a row or line of things

Compounds

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Suffix

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並(なみ) • (-nami) 

  1. average, medium

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), et al. 広漢和辞典 (Kō Kan-Wa Jiten, “Extensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 3 vols. plus an index. 1981–1982. Tokyo: Taishukan.
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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並 (eumhun 나란히 병 (naranhi byeong))

  1. hanja form? of 병 (“side by side, together, in order”)

並 (eumhun 아우를 병 (aureul byeong))

  1. hanja form? of 병 (“combine, annex”)

並 (eumhun 곁 방 (gyeot bang))

  1. hanja form? of 방 (“side, vicinity”)

並 (eumhun 땅 이름 반 (ttang ireum ban))

  1. hanja form? of 반 (“used in place names”)

References

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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並: Hán Nôm readings: tịnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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