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伴

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 件
伴 U+4F34, 伴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F34
← 伳
[U+4F33] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 伵 →
[U+4F35]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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伴 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人火手 (OFQ), four-corner 29250, composition ⿰亻半)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 96, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 475
  • Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 139, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4F34

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 伴

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 伴
s05717
Transcribed ancient scripts
L34680
L33538
L15886
L15887
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (半) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
半 *paːns
絆 *paːns
靽 *paːns
姅 *paːns, *pʰaːns
拌 *pʰaːn, *baːnʔ
拚 *pʰaːn, *brons, *pʰaːn, *puns
坢 *pʰaːnʔ
判 *pʰaːns
泮 *pʰaːns
頖 *pʰaːns
胖 *pʰaːns
冸 *pʰaːns
牉 *pʰaːns
柈 *baːn
伴 *baːnʔ, *baːns
叛 *baːns
畔 *baːns
袢 *ban

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *baːnʔ, *baːns): semantic 亻 + phonetic 半 (OC *paːns).

Pronunciation 1

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Note: bun6-2/pun5-2 - partner, companion (standalone word).
Note:
  • phân/panˋ - “companion”;
  • phan/panˋ - “to accompany”.
Note:
Note:
  • phōaⁿ/phǒaⁿ - vernacular (“companion; to accompany; something attached to the main instrument”);
  • pōaⁿ - vernacular;
  • poān/phoǎn/phoān - literary.
Rime
Character 伴
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蒲旱切
Baxter banX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/buɑnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bʷɑnX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/buɑnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bwanX/
Li
Rong 		/buɑnX/
Wang
Li 		/buɑnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱuɑnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bun6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 伴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ banX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[C.b]ˁanʔ/
English comrade

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 伴
Reading # 1/2
No. 258
Phonetic
component 		半
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		伴
Old
Chinese 		/*baːnʔ/

Definitions

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伴

  1. companion
  2. to accompany
  3. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) something attached to the main instrument
  4. a surname

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (伴):
  • → Vietnamese: bạn (伴)

Others:

Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 伴
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 薄半切
Baxter banH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/buɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bʷɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/buɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bwanH/
Li
Rong 		/buɑnH/
Wang
Li 		/buɑnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱuɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bun6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 伴
Reading # 2/2
No. 262
Phonetic
component 		半
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		叛
Old
Chinese 		/*baːns/

Definitions

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伴

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) used in 伴奐／伴奂 (pànhuàn, “relaxed; free; unrestrained”)
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 叛 (pàn, “to rebel”)

References

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  • “伴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “伴”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 221.

Japanese

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Shinjitai 伴
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
伴󠄁
伴+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
伴󠄃
伴+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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伴

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. consort

Readings

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From Middle Chinese 伴 (MC banX); compare Mandarin 伴 (bàn):

  • Go-on: ばん (ban, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 伴 (MC banH); compare Mandarin 伴 (pàn):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
伴
ばん
Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 伴 (MC banX|banH).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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伴(ばん) • (Ban) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
伴
とも
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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伴(とも) • (Tomo) 

  1. a surname

Noun

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For pronunciation and definitions of 伴 – see the following entries.
【共とも】4
[noun] both, all
[suffix] altogether
[suffix] ...included
【とも】
[noun] friend, companion, comrade, pal
[noun] member of the same category
Alternative spellings
友, 朋, 侶
(This term, 伴, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

References

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  1. ^ “伴”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914), 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 132 (paper), page 116 (digital)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 伴 (MC banX). Recorded as Middle Korean 반〯 (pǎn) (Yale: pan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

伴 (eumhun 짝 반 (jjak ban))

  1. hanja form? of 반 (“companion”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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伴: Hán Việt readings: bạn[1][2]
伴: Nôm readings: bạn[1][2]

  1. chữ Hán form of bạn (“friend”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (2004).
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