前後

See also: 前后

Chinese

		front, forepart; in front; past front, forepart; in front; past; former; previous; last; before; preceding; earlier; ago; future; time ahead; first; top; battlefront; to move forward	back; behind; rear back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later
trad. (前後)		前	後
simp. (前后)		前	后

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiánhòu

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cin⁴ hau⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhièn-heu

(Meixian, Guangdong): qiên² hêu⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chêng-āu / chûiⁿ-ǎu / chiân-hō͘ / chiân-hiǒ

(Teochew, Peng'im): zoin⁵ ao⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiánhòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciánhòu
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien²-hou⁴
  - Yale: chyán-hòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyanhow
  - Palladius: цяньхоу (cjanʹxou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cin⁴ hau⁶
  - Yale: chìhn hauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsin⁴ hau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: qin⁴ heo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːn²¹ hɐu̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhièn-heu
  - Hakka Romanization System: qien^ˇ heu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qian² heu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯en¹¹ heu̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qiên² hêu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹ heu⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêng-āu
  - Tâi-lô: tsîng-āu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeng'au
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² au²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²³⁻³³ au³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Tainan): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻³³ au³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ au³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ¹³⁻²² au²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chûiⁿ-ǎu
  - Tâi-lô: tsuînn-ǎu
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡suĩ²⁴⁻²² au²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiân-hō͘
  - Tâi-lô: tsiân-hōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cienho
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɛn¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɛn²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiân-hiǒ
  - Tâi-lô: tsiân-hiǒ
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɛn²⁴⁻²² hio²²/

Note:

chêng-āu/chûiⁿ-ǎu - vernacular;
chiân-hō͘/chiân-hiǒ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zoin⁵ ao⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsôiⁿ ău
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ au³⁵/

Noun

前後

front and rear; before and after

Adverb

前後

(of a point in or period of time) around; about
from beginning to end
continuously; one after another; bit by bit; in turn; successively; in succession

Synonyms

(around):

edit

上下 (shàngxià)
光景 (guāngjǐng)
參差 / 参差 (cēncī) (literary)
大其概 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
大抵 (dàdǐ)
大概 (dàgài)
大率 (dàshuài) (literary)
大理概 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
大約 / 大约 (dàyuē)
大約摸 / 大约摸 (dàyuēmō) (colloquial)
大約摸捉 / 大约摸捉 (Shanghainese)
大約莫 / 大约莫 (colloquial)
大致 (dàzhì)
左右 (zuǒyòu)
模樣 / 模样
無慮 / 无虑 (wúlǜ) (literary)
約摸 / 约摸 (yuēmo)
約略 / 约略 (yuēlüè)
約莫 / 约莫 (yuēmo)

(continuously):

edit

一連 / 一连 (yīlián)
不斷 / 不断 (bùduàn)
先後 / 先后
勿斷 / 勿断 (⁸veq-doe) (Wu)
接連 / 接连 (jiēlián)
接連不斷 / 接连不断 (jiēliánbùduàn)
沓沓 (Hokkien)
直透 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
相繼 / 相继 (xiāngjì)
紛紛 / 纷纷 (fēnfēn)
絡繹 / 络绎 (luòyì) (literary)
連 / 连
連紲 / 连绁 (Hokkien)
連續 / 连续 (liánxù)
連連 / 连连 (liánlián)
陸續 / 陆续 (lùxù)
陸陸續續 / 陆陆续续 (lùlùxùxù)

Derived terms

前後矛盾 / 前后矛盾 (qiánhòumáodùn)
前後腳兒 / 前后脚儿 (qiánhòujiǎor)
前後院 / 前后院

Japanese

Kanji in this term
前	後
ぜん Grade: 2	ご Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d͡zẽ̞ŋɡo̞]
(Tokyo) ぜんご [zéꜜǹgò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]

Noun

前(ぜん)後(ご) • (zengo)

Derived terms

前後関係(ぜんごかんけい) (zengokankei)

Suffix

前(ぜん)後(ご) • (-zengo)

(attaches to a number) about, around
- 1987, 村上春樹 [Murakami Haruki], chapter 2, in ノルウェイの森 [Noruwei no Mori, Norwegian Wood]:
  背(せ)が高(たか)くて目(め)つきの鋭(するど)い六十(ろくじゅう)前後(ぜんご)の男(おとこ)だ。
  Se ga takakute metsuki no surudoi rokujū zengo no otoko da.
  He was a tall, sharp-eyed man of about sixty.

Synonyms

ぐらい (gurai)

Verb

前(ぜん)後(ご)する • (zengo suru) intransitive suru (stem 前(ぜん)後(ご)し (zengo shi), past 前(ぜん)後(ご)した (zengo shita))

to invert the order
- 2023 March 10, 高橋英明, quotee, “第211回国会　衆議院　文部科学委員会　第2号　令和5年3月10日”, in 国会会議録検索システム‎^[1], 国立国会図書館:
  まず、質問が前後しちゃいますけれども、どうぞ御容赦をお願いいたします。
  Mazu, shitsumon ga zengo shichai-masu keredomo, dōzo go-yōsha o o-negai itashi-masu.
  First of all, I would like to ask my questions out of order, so please bear with me.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "前後する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	前後し	ぜんごし	zengo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	前後し	ぜんごし	zengo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	前後する	ぜんごする	zengo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	前後する	ぜんごする	zengo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	前後すれ	ぜんごすれ	zengo sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	前後せよ¹ 前後しろ²	ぜんごせよ¹ ぜんごしろ²	zengo seyo¹ zengo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	前後される	ぜんごされる	zengo sareru
Causative	前後させる前後さす	ぜんごさせるぜんごさす	zengo saseru zengo sasu
Potential	前後できる	ぜんごできる	zengo dekiru
Volitional	前後しよう	ぜんごしよう	zengo shiyō
Negative	前後しない	ぜんごしない	zengo shinai
Negative continuative	前後せず	ぜんごせず	zengo sezu
Formal	前後します	ぜんごします	zengo shimasu
Perfective	前後した	ぜんごした	zengo shita
Conjunctive	前後して	ぜんごして	zengo shite
Hypothetical conditional	前後すれば	ぜんごすれば	zengo sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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