哭

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哭 U+54ED, 哭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54ED
← 哬
[U+54EC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 哮 →
[U+54EE]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character[edit]

哭 (radical 30, 口+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 口口戈大 (RRIK), four-corner 66430, composition ⿱吅犬)

  1. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №25

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 190, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3658
  • Dae Jaweon: page 410, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 629, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+54ED

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 哭
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Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (獄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嶽 *ŋroːɡ
鸑 *ŋroːɡ
哭 *ŋ̊ʰoːɡ
獄 *ŋoɡ

Shuowen interprets it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋ̊ʰoːɡ): semantic 吅 (“to speak loudly”) + phonetic 獄 (OC *ŋoɡ), simplified to 犬.

Alternatively, it may be an ideogrammic compound (會意): 吅 (“to speak loudly”) + 犬 (“dog”) – a dog's bark > cry; weep.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kuːk (“to weep; to wail”); cognate with Mizo kûk (“to shriek”) (STEDT).

This seems to be an area word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuk ~ kuuk ~ kuək ~ kək (“to call”), Proto-Austronesian *-kuk (“sound of a sob”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • khàu - vernacular;
  • khok - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 哭
    Mandarin Beijing /kʰu⁵⁵/
    Harbin /kʰu⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /kʰu²¹/
    Jinan /kʰu²¹³/
    Qingdao /kʰu⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /kʰu²⁴/
    Xi'an /kʰu²¹/
    Xining /kʰv̩⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /kʰu¹³/
    Lanzhou /kʰu¹³/
    Ürümqi /kʰu²¹³/
    Wuhan /kʰu²¹³/
    Chengdu /kʰu³¹/
    Guiyang /kʰu²¹/
    Kunming /kʰu³¹/
    Nanjing /kʰuʔ⁵/
    Hefei /kʰuəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /kʰuəʔ²/
    Pingyao /kʰuʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /kʰuəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /kʰoʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /kʰoʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /kʰoʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /kʰu²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /kʰuʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /kʰu⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /kʰu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /kʰu²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /kʰuʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /kʰuk̚¹/
    Taoyuan /kʰuk̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hok̚⁵/
    Nanning /huk̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /huk̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰɔk/
    /kʰau¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰouʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰu²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰau²¹³/ 訓讀
    Haikou (Min Nan) /xau³⁵/ 訓號
    Rime
    Character 哭
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 屋 (3)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 空谷切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰuk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰuk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰuk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰəwk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰuk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰuk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kʰuk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ku
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 哭
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		kū
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khuwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[kʰ]ˁok/
    English weep

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 哭
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16031
    Phonetic
    component         		獄
    Rime
    group         		屋
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		哭
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/
    Notes 說文獄省聲

    Definitions[edit]

    哭

    1. to weep; to cry; to wail

    Synonyms[edit]

    edit
    Synonyms of 哭
    Dialectal synonyms of 哭 (“to cry; to weep”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 泣, 哭
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 哭, 哭泣
    Mandarin Beijing 哭
    Taiwan 哭
    Harbin 哭, 哭鼻子 humorous
    Jinan 哭
    Muping 哭
    Luoyang 哭
    Wanrong 哭
    Xi'an 哭
    Xining 哭
    Xuzhou 哭
    Yinchuan 哭, 哭鼻子
    Lanzhou 哭
    Ürümqi 哭
    Wuhan 哭
    Chengdu 哭
    Guiyang 哭
    Yangzhou 哭
    Nanjing 哭, 哭鼻子 humorous
    Hefei 哭
    Malaysia 哭
    Singapore 哭
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 哭
    Cantonese Guangzhou 喊
    Hong Kong 喊
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 哭
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 哭
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 哭
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 哭
    Macau 喊
    Panyu 喊
    Huadu (Huashan) 叫
    Conghua 哭
    Zengcheng 哭
    Foshan 喊
    Nanhai (Shatou) 喊
    Shunde 喊
    Sanshui 喊
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 喊
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 喊
    Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 哭
    Doumen 哭
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 哭
    Xinhui 哭
    Taishan 哭
    Kaiping (Chikan) 哭
    Enping (Niujiang) 哭
    Heshan (Yayao) 哭
    Dongguan 哭
    Bao'an (Shajing) 哭, 喊
    Dapeng 哭
    Yangjiang 哭
    Nanning 哭
    Danzhou 哭
    Kuala Lumpur 喊
    Singapore 喊
    Ho Chi Minh City 喊
    Gan Nanchang 哭, 叫
    Lichuan 啼
    Pingxiang 哭
    Hakka Meixian 叫, 叫眵, 叫嘴
    Xingning 叫
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 哭
    Huidong (Daling) 叫
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 叫
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 叫
    Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 叫
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 叫
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 叫
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 叫, 叫嘴
    Wuhua (Changbu) 叫, 叫嘴
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 叫, 叫嘴
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 哭
    Qujiang 叫嘴
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 叫
    Liannan 叫
    Conghua (Lütian) 叫
    Jiexi 叫
    Luchuan 叫
    Changting 唩
    Pingyu 叫
    Wuping 叫嘴
    Liancheng 唩
    Ninghua 唩
    Yudu 叫
    Ruijin 叫
    Shicheng 唩
    Shangyou 叫
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 叫, 叫眵
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 叫, 叫眵
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 叫, 叫眵
    Dongshi (Dabu) 叫, 叫眵
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 唩, 唩眵
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 唩
    Hong Kong 叫
    Sabah (Longchuan) 叫, 叫嘴
    Senai 叫
    Singkawang 叫
    Huizhou Jixi 嚎
    Jin Taiyuan 哭
    Xinzhou 哭
    Min Bei Jian'ou 啼
    Dikou 啼
    Songxi 啼
    Zhenghe 啼
    Zhenqian 啼
    Jianyang 啼
    Wuyishan 啼
    Shibei 啼
    Min Dong Fuzhou 啼, 啼嘛
    Changle 啼
    Fuqing 啼
    Yongtai 啼
    Gutian 啼
    Fu'an 嚎
    Ningde 嚎
    Shouning 嚎
    Zhouning 嚎
    Fuding 啼, 哭
    Matsu 啼, 啼嘛
    Min Nan Xiamen 吼, 哭
    Quanzhou 吼, 哭
    Yongchun 吼
    Zhangzhou 吼, 哭
    Taipei 吼, 哭
    Kaohsiung 吼, 哭
    Tainan 吼, 哭
    Taichung 哭, 吼
    Hsinchu 哭, 吼
    Lukang 吼, 哭
    Sanxia 吼, 哭
    Yilan 吼, 哭
    Kinmen 吼
    Magong 哭, 吼
    Penang (Hokkien) 吼
    Singapore (Hokkien) 哭
    Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 吼
    Longyan 啼
    Zhangping 啼
    Datian 哭
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 吼
    Chaozhou 哭
    Shantou 哭
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 哭
    Singapore (Teochew) 哭
    Wenchang 哭
    Haikou 啼
    Leizhou 哭
    Puxian Min Putian 吼
    Xianyou 吼
    Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 哭
    Shehua Fu'an 叫
    Fuding 叫
    Luoyuan 叫
    Sanming 叫
    Shunchang 叫
    Hua'an 叫
    Guixi 叫
    Cangnan 叫
    Jingning 叫
    Lishui 叫
    Longyou 叫
    Chaozhou 叫
    Fengshun 叫
    Wu Shanghai 哭
    Suzhou 哭
    Wuxi 哭
    Hangzhou 哭
    Wenzhou 哭
    Chongming 哭
    Danyang 哭
    Jinhua 哭
    Ningbo 哭
    Xiang Changsha 哭
    Shuangfeng 哭
    Loudi 哭
    Quanzhou 哭

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 哭

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    哭

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. to cry; to wail

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    哭 • (gok) (hangeul 곡)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    哭 (khốc, khóc)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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