谷

See also: 穀

谷 U+8C37, 谷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C37 ← 谶 [U+8C36] CJK Unified Ideographs 谸 → [U+8C38]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

谷 (radical 150, 谷+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 金人口 (COR), four-corner 8060₈, composition ⿳八人口)

1. Kangxi radical #150, ⾕.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/谷
• 俗 浴 容 欲 卻 裕

References

• KangXi: page 1189, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36182
• Dae Jaweon: page 1652, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3902, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8C37

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 谷
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (谷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
螸	*lo
裕	*loɡs
容	*loŋ
溶	*loŋ, *loŋʔ
鎔	*loŋ
蓉	*loŋ
傛	*loŋ, *loŋʔ
褣	*loŋ
搈	*loŋ
瑢	*loŋ
嵱	*loŋ
熔	*loŋ
榕	*loŋ
塎	*loŋʔ
谷	*ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ
唂	*kloːɡ
焀	*ɡloːɡ
俗	*ljoɡ
欲	*loɡ
浴	*loɡ
鵒	*loɡ
峪	*ɦkloːɡ
鋊	*loɡ
輍	*loɡ
慾	*loɡ

Pictogram (象形) — valley (口) in between two mountains.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		谷

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river; gorge”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྗོངས (ljongs), Tibetan ཀླུང (klung) and Tibetan ལུང་པ (lung pa).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǔ (gu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kuk
• Min Dong (BUC): gók
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gog⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): koq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: gǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
    • Wade–Giles: ku³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
    • IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: guk¹
    • Yale: gūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: gug¹
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: gug`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gug⁵
    • IPA: /kuk̚²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gók
    • IPA ^(key): /kouʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok
    • Tâi-lô: kok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kok
    • IPA ^(key): /kok̚²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: koq (T4)
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊʔ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /kuk̚/▼

Rime
Character	谷
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古禄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwk̚/
Li Rong	/kuk̚/
Wang Li	/kuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qˤok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	谷
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qˁok/
English	valley
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	谷
Reading #	2/3
No.	4299
Phonetic component	谷
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	穀
Old Chinese	/*kloːɡ/

Definitions

谷

1. valley; gorge; ravine
2. mountain stream
3. (figuratively) difficult position; predicament
4. A surname​.

Compounds

Derived terms from 谷

• 下谷坪 (Xiàgǔpíng)
• 中谷有蓷
• 伊犁縱谷／伊犁纵谷
• 低谷 (dīgǔ)
• 出谷遷喬／出谷迁乔
• 函谷關／函谷关 (Hángǔ Guān)
• 包谷
• 包谷花
• 千巖萬谷／千岩万谷
• 厓谷
• 合谷
• 嘴答谷
• 壑谷
• 大峽谷／大峡谷 (Dàxiágǔ)
• 太谷燈／太谷灯
• 如臨深谷／如临深谷
• 如臨淵谷／如临渊谷
• 山棲谷飲／山栖谷饮
• 山谷 (shāngǔ)
• 峽谷／峡谷 (xiágǔ)
• 崤谷
• 嶰谷
• 巔崖峻谷／巅崖峻谷
• 巖居谷飲／岩居谷饮
• 幽棲巖谷／幽栖岩谷
• 幽谷 (yōugǔ)
• 張谷英／张谷英 (Zhānggǔyīng)
• 悲谷
• 愚公谷
• 斜谷
• 新鶯出谷／新莺出谷
• 方濟谷派／方济谷派

• 昧谷
• 暘谷／旸谷
• 曼谷 (Màngǔ)
• 河谷 (hégǔ)
• 波谷 (bōgǔ)
• 泥封函谷
• 海底峽谷／海底峡谷
• 海谷
• 深山窮谷／深山穷谷 (shēnshānqiónggǔ)
• 深谷 (shēngǔ)
• 溪谷
• 溺谷
• 滿坑滿谷／满坑满谷
• 澥谷
• 甘谷
• 白駒空谷／白驹空谷
• 百谷王
• 盤谷／盘谷
• 矽谷 (Xīgǔ)
• 硅谷 (Guīgǔ)
• 硫磺谷
• 禺谷
• 穹谷
• 空谷
• 空谷傳聲／空谷传声
• 空谷傳響／空谷传响
• 空谷幽蘭／空谷幽兰
• 空谷足音
• 縱谷／纵谷
• 膠萊谷地／胶莱谷地
• 蒙谷
• 藏南縱谷／藏南纵谷

• 虛懷若谷／虚怀若谷 (xūhuáiruògǔ)
• 裂谷
• 西谷椰子
• 西谷米 (xīgǔmǐ)
• 谷中谷
• 谷口 (gǔkǒu)
• 谷口耕岩
• 谷地 (gǔdì)
• 谷底
• 谷樹皮／谷树皮
• 谷灣／谷湾
• 谷蠡
• 谷谷
• 谷都
• 谷風／谷风
• 谷飲／谷饮
• 谿谷
• 跌至谷底
• 進退維谷／进退维谷 (jìntuì wéi gǔ)
• 金谷
• 金谷園／金谷园
• 金谷墮樓／金谷堕楼
• 金谷酒數／金谷酒数
• 陵谷 (línggǔ)
• 陽谷／阳谷
• 隆河谷地
• 雲谷／云谷
• 飛谷／飞谷
• 高岸深谷
• 鶯谷／莺谷
• 鹿谷鄉／鹿谷乡
• 黍谷生春

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		谷

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): juk⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Wade–Giles: yü⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiw
    • IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: juk⁶
    • Yale: yuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: juk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yug⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /jʊk̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: /jɨok̚/▼

Rime
Character	谷
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余蜀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawk̚/
Li Rong	/iok̚/
Wang Li	/jĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·loːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	谷
Reading #	3/3
No.	4310
Phonetic component	谷
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	欲
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·loːɡ/

Definitions

谷

1. Only used in 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún, “Tuyuhun: name of an ancient nomadic people in northwestern China”).

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		谷

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lù (lu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): luk⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: lù
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
    • Wade–Giles: lu⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
    • IPA ^(key): /lu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: luk⁶
    • Yale: luhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: luk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lug⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /lʊk̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: /luk̚/▼

Rime
Character	谷
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧谷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/luk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/luk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/luk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləwk̚/
Li Rong	/luk̚/
Wang Li	/luk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/luk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lù

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦkroːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	谷
Reading #	1/3
No.	4298
Phonetic component	谷
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	禄
Old Chinese	/*ɦkroːɡ/
Notes	見史記

Definitions

谷

1. Only used in 谷蠡 (“title for Xiongnu officials”).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 谷 – see 穀 (“corn; grain; cereal; salary; etc.”). (This character, 谷, is the simplified form of 穀.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

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Japanese

Kanji

谷

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. valley
2. lowland, plain

Readings

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC kuk̚, “valley, gorge”):

• Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
• Kun: たに (tani, 谷, Jōyō); きわまる (kiwamaru, 谷まる)^{←きはまる (kifamaru, historical)}; や (ya, 谷); やつ (yatsu, 谷)
• Nanori: ひろ (hiro)

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC luk̚), as in 吐谷渾 (Toyokukon, “Tuyuhun”):

• Go-on: よく (yoku)
• Kan-on: よく (yoku)

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC jɨok̚), as in 谷蠡 (Rokuri):

• Go-on: ろく (roku)
• Kan-on: ろく (roku)

Compounds

Compounds

• 谷 (こく)風 (ふう) (kokufū)
• 峡 (きょう)谷 (こく) (kyōkoku)
• 空 (くう)谷 (こく) (kūkoku)
• 渓 (けい)谷 (こく), 谿 (けい)谷 (こく) (keikoku)
• 幽 (ゆう)谷 (こく) (yūkoku)
• 蟀谷 (こめかみ) (komekami)
• 吐 (と)谷 (よく)渾 (こん) (Toyokukon)
• 長 (は)谷 (せ) (Hase)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
谷
たに Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Alternative forms

• 渓, 谿

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) たに​ [tàníꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
  • IPA^(key): [ta̠ɲ̟i]

Noun

谷 (hiragana たに, rōmaji tani)

1. a valley (elongated depression between hills or mountains)
2. a trough (low portion of a wave cycle)
3. an intersection of two receding roof slopes

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 谷 (たに)間 (あい), 谷 (たに)あい (taniai)
• 谷 (たに)風 (かぜ) (tanikaze)
• 谷 (たに)川 (かわ) (Tanikawa)
• 谷 (たに)川 (がわ) (tanigawa)
• 谷 (たに)底 (そこ) (tanisoko)
• 谷 (たに)間 (ま) (tanima)

Proper noun

谷 (hiragana たに, rōmaji Tani)

1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
谷
やつ Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Possibly from Ainu [Term?].

Alternative forms

• 谷津

Noun

谷 (hiragana やつ, rōmaji yatsu)

1. a low-lying wetland
2. a valley

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 谷 (やつ)谷 (やつ), 谷 (やつ)々 (やつ) (yatsuyatsu)
• 谷 (やつ)七 (しち)郷 (ごう) (Yatsu Shichigō)
• 谷 (やつ)田 (だ) (yatsuda)
• 扇 (おうぎ)ヶ谷 (やつ) (Ōgigayatsu)
• 葛 (か)西 (さい)ヶ谷 (やつ) (Kasaigayatsu)
• 亀 (かめ)ヶ谷 (やつ) (Kamegayatsu)
• 桐 (きり)ヶ谷 (やつ) (Kirigayatsu)
• 月影 (つきかげ)ヶ谷 (やつ) (Tsukikagegayatsu)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
谷
や Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Possibly a shift from yatsu above.

Noun

谷 (hiragana や, rōmaji ya)

1. a valley

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 谷 (や)倉 (ぐら) (yagura)
• 谷 (や)地 (ち), 野 (や)地 (ち) (yachi)
• 谷 (や)津 (つ) (Yatsu)
• 谷 (や)中 (なか) (Yanaka)
• 市 (いち)ヶ谷 (や) (Ichigaya)
• 岩 (いわ)谷 (や), 巖 (いわ)谷 (や) (Iwaya)
• 越 (こしが)谷 (や) (Koshigaya)
• 指 (さし)ヶ谷 (や) (Sashigaya)
• 世田谷 (せたがや) (Setagaya)
• 雑 (ぞう)司 (し)ヶ谷 (や) (Zōshigaya)
• 鳩 (はと)ヶ谷 (や) (Hatogaya)
• 深谷 (ふかや) (Fukaya)
• 保 (ほ)土 (ど)ヶ谷 (や) (Hodogaya)
• 程 (ほど)ヶ谷 (や) (Hodogaya)
• 四谷 (よつや) (Yotsuya)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
谷
やち Grade: 2
Irregular

Variant shift from yatsu above.

Alternative forms

• 谷地, 野地

Noun

谷 (hiragana やち, rōmaji yachi)

1. (regional) Same as やつ (yatsu) above

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
谷
やと Grade: 2
Irregular

Another variant shift from yatsu above.

Alternative forms

• 谷戸

Noun

谷 (hiragana やと, rōmaji yato)

1. Same as やつ (yatsu) above

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
谷
Grade: 2
Irregular

Alternative forms

• 迫

Noun

谷 (hiragana さこ, rōmaji sako)

1. (regional, especially Kansai) a small valley

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Korean

Hanja

谷 • (gok, yok) (hangeul 곡, 욕, revised gok, yok, McCune–Reischauer kok, yok, Yale kok, yok)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

谷 (cốc, góc, hốc)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.