谷

谷 U+8C37, 谷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C37 ← 谶 [U+8C36] CJK Unified Ideographs 谸 → [U+8C38]

See also: 穀

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

谷 (radical 150 谷+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 金人口 (COR), four-corner 8060₈)

1. Kangxi radical #150, ⾕ (“valley”).

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/谷
• 俗 浴 容 欲 卻 裕

References

• KangXi: page 1189, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36182
• Dae Jaweon: page 1652, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3902, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8C37

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 谷
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (谷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
螸	*lo
裕	*loɡs
容	*loŋ
溶	*loŋ, *loŋʔ
鎔	*loŋ
蓉	*loŋ
傛	*loŋ, *loŋʔ
褣	*loŋ
搈	*loŋ
瑢	*loŋ
嵱	*loŋ
熔	*loŋ
榕	*loŋ
塎	*loŋʔ
谷	*ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ
唂	*kloːɡ
焀	*ɡloːɡ
俗	*ljoɡ
欲	*loɡ
浴	*loɡ
鵒	*loɡ
峪	*ɦkloːɡ
鋊	*loɡ
輍	*loɡ
慾	*loɡ

Pictogram (象形) — valley (口) in between two mountains.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		谷

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river; gorge”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྗོངས (ljongs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǔ (gu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kuk
• Min Dong (BUC): gók
• Min Nan (POJ): kok
• Wu (Wiktionary): koq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
    • Wade-Giles: ku³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
    • IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: guk¹
    • Yale: gūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: gug¹
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: gug`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gug⁵
    • IPA: /kuk̚²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gók
    • IPA ^(key): /kɔuʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok
    • Tâi-lô: kok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: koq (T4)
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊʔ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /kuk̚/▼

Rime
Character	谷
Reading #	1/4
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古禄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwk̚/
Li Rong	/kuk̚/
Wang Li	/kuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	谷
Reading #	2/3
No.	4299
Phonetic component	谷
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	穀
Old Chinese	/*kloːɡ/

Definitions

谷

1. valley; gorge; ravine
2. mountain stream
3. (figuratively) difficult position; predicament
4. A surname​.

Compounds

Derived terms from 谷

• 中谷有蓷
• 伊犁縱谷／伊犁纵谷
• 低谷 (dīgǔ)
• 出谷遷喬／出谷迁乔
• 函谷關／函谷关
• 包谷
• 包谷花
• 千巖萬谷／千岩万谷
• 厓谷
• 合谷
• 嘴答谷
• 壑谷
• 大峽谷／大峡谷 (Dàxiágǔ)
• 太谷燈／太谷灯
• 如臨深谷／如临深谷
• 如臨淵谷／如临渊谷
• 山棲谷飲／山栖谷饮
• 山谷 (shāngǔ)
• 峽谷／峡谷 (xiágǔ)
• 崤谷
• 嶰谷
• 巔崖峻谷／巅崖峻谷
• 巖居谷飲／岩居谷饮
• 幽棲巖谷／幽栖岩谷
• 幽谷
• 悲谷
• 愚公谷
• 斜谷
• 新鶯出谷／新莺出谷
• 方濟谷派／方济谷派
• 昧谷
• 暘谷／旸谷

• 曼谷 (Màngǔ)
• 河谷 (hégǔ)
• 波谷
• 泥封函谷
• 海底峽谷／海底峡谷
• 海谷
• 深山窮谷／深山穷谷
• 深谷 (shēngǔ)
• 溪谷
• 溺谷
• 滿坑滿谷／满坑满谷
• 澥谷
• 甘谷
• 白駒空谷／白驹空谷
• 百谷王
• 盤谷／盘谷
• 矽谷
• 硅谷 (Guīgǔ)
• 硫磺谷
• 禺谷
• 穹谷
• 空谷
• 空谷傳聲／空谷传声
• 空谷傳響／空谷传响
• 空谷幽蘭／空谷幽兰
• 空谷足音
• 縱谷／纵谷
• 膠萊谷地／胶莱谷地
• 蒙谷
• 藏南縱谷／藏南纵谷
• 虛懷若谷／虚怀若谷 (xūhuáiruògǔ)

• 裂谷
• 西谷椰子
• 西谷米 (xīgǔmǐ)
• 谷中谷
• 谷口 (gǔkǒu)
• 谷口耕岩
• 谷地 (gǔdì)
• 谷底
• 谷樹皮／谷树皮
• 谷灣／谷湾
• 谷蠡
• 谷谷
• 谷都
• 谷風／谷风
• 谷飲／谷饮
• 谿谷
• 跌至谷底
• 進退維谷／进退维谷 (jìntuì wéi gǔ)
• 金谷
• 金谷園／金谷园
• 金谷墮樓／金谷堕楼
• 金谷酒數／金谷酒数
• 陵谷
• 陽谷／阳谷
• 隆河谷地
• 雲谷／云谷
• 飛谷／飞谷
• 高岸深谷
• 鶯谷／莺谷
• 鹿谷鄉／鹿谷乡
• 黍谷生春

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		谷

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): juk⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Wade-Giles: yü⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiw
    • IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: juk⁶
    • Yale: yuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: juk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yug⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /jʊk̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: /jɨok̚/▼

Rime
Character	谷
Reading #	3/4
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余蜀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawk̚/
Li Rong	/iok̚/
Wang Li	/jĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·loːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	谷
Reading #	3/3
No.	4310
Phonetic component	谷
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	欲
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·loːɡ/

Definitions

谷

1. Only used in 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún, “Tuyuhun: name of an ancient nomadic people in northwestern China”).

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		谷

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lù (lu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): luk⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: lù
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
    • Wade-Giles: lu⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
    • IPA ^(key): /lu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: luk⁶
    • Yale: luhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: luk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lug⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /lʊk̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: /luk̚/▼

Rime
Character	谷
Reading #	2/4
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧谷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/luk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/luk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/luk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləwk̚/
Li Rong	/luk̚/
Wang Li	/luk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/luk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lù

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦkroːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	谷
Reading #	1/3
No.	4298
Phonetic component	谷
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	禄
Old Chinese	/*ɦkroːɡ/
Notes	見史記

Definitions

谷

1. Only used in 谷蠡 (“title for Xiongnu officials”).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 谷 – see 穀 (“grain”). (This character, 谷, is the simplified form of 穀.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

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Japanese

Kanji

谷

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. valley

Readings

• Goon: こく (koku)
• Kan’on: こく (koku)
• On: よく (yoku)
• Kun: たに (tani), きわまる (kiwamaru)
• Nanori: ひろ (hiro), や (ya)

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
谷
たに Grade: 2
kun'yomi

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) たに​ [tàníꜜ] (Odaka - [2])
  • IPA^(key): [ta̠ɲ̟i]

Noun

谷 (hiragana たに, rōmaji tani)

1. a valley (elongated depression between hills or mountains)

Proper noun

谷 (hiragana たに, rōmaji Tani)

1. A surname​.

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Korean

Hanja

谷 • (gok, yok) (hangeul 곡, 욕, revised gok, yok, McCune-Reischauer kok, yok, Yale kok, yok)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

谷 (cốc, góc, hốc)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.