山谷

Chinese

		mountain; hill	valley
simp. and trad. (山谷)		山	谷

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shāngǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ ㄍㄨˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): saan¹ guk¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): san¹ guuk²

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sân-kuk
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soaⁿ-kok / san-kok

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shāngǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄍㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shangǔ
    • Wade–Giles: shan¹-ku³
    • Yale: shān-gǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanguu
    • Palladius: шаньгу (šanʹgu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saan¹ guk¹
    • Yale: sāan gūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ guk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: san¹ gug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵ kʊk̚⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: san¹ guuk²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /san³³ kɵk̚⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-kuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: san´ gug`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ gug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /san²⁴ kuk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-kok
    • Tâi-lô: suann-kok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svoa'kog
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ kɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san-kok
    • Tâi-lô: san-kok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sankog
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /san⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

Noun

山谷

1. mountain valley

   • 夷狄之人貪而好利，被髮左衽，人面獸心。其與中國殊章服，異習俗，飲食不同，言語不通，辟居北垂寒露之野，逐草隨畜，射獵為生，隔以山谷，雍以沙幕，天地所以絕外內也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夷狄之人贪而好利，被发左衽，人面兽心。其与中国殊章服，异习俗，饮食不同，言语不通，辟居北垂寒露之野，逐草随畜，射猎为生，隔以山谷，雍以沙幕，天地所以绝外内也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

     Yídí zhī rén tān ér hǎolì, bèifà zuǒrèn, rénmiànshòuxīn. Qí yǔ Zhōngguó shū zhāngfú, yì xísú, yǐnshí bùtóng, yányǔ bùtōng, pì jū běichuí hánlù zhī yě, zhú cǎo suí xù, shèliè wèishēng, gé yǐ shāngǔ, yōng yǐ shāmù, tiāndì suǒyǐ jué wàinèi yě. [Pinyin]

     The Yi and the Di people are greedy and desirous of gain; they wear their hair down their backs and fasten their garments on the left; they have human faces but the hearts of wild beasts. Their ceremonial garments differ from those worn in the Central States [of China]; their customs and diet differ from ours; and our languages are mutually unintelligible. They dwell far away, in the cold, on the bare lands of the north, driving their herds in pursuit of pasture, and hunting with the bow and arrow in order to sustain themselves. They are separated from us by mountains and valleys and cut off by the desert. By these means did Heaven and Earth divide inner from outer.

Usage notes

In Chinese, 谷地 (gǔdì) is an umbrella term that can refer to any kind of valley; to be more specific, the terms 山谷 (shāngǔ), 河谷 (hégǔ) and 低谷 (dīgǔ) are used to refer to mountain valleys, river valleys and low-lying valleys respectively.

Synonyms

• (Xiang) 山衝裡／山冲里

Dialectal synonyms of 山谷 (“mountain valley”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		山谷
Mandarin	Beijing	山谷
	Beijing (Pinggu)	山溝兒
	Taiwan	山谷
	Tianjin	山谷
	Tianjin (Wuqing)	山谷
	Langfang	山谷
	Tangshan	山谷
	Baoding	山溝
	Xiong'an	山谷
	Xingtai	山溝
	Hengshui	山谷
	Tongliao	山坳
	Heihe	山溝
	Qiqihar	山谷
	Harbin	山谷
	Jiamusi	山谷, 山溝
	Baicheng	山谷
	Changchun	山溝
	Tonghua	山溝
	Shenyang	山谷
	Tieling	山溝
	Dandong	山谷
	Dalian	山谷, 山溝
	Yantai	山溝
	Qingdao	山溝
	Lijin	山谷
	Weifang (Weicheng)	山溝
	Rizhao	山溝
	Jinan	山溝
	Liaocheng	山溝
	Dezhou	山溝
	Tai'an	山溝
	Zibo	山溝
	Linyi	山溝
	Heze	山溝
	Zaozhuang	山溝
	Luoyang	山溝
	Luohe	山溝
	Zhumadian	山溝
	Xuchang	山溝
	Pingdingshan	山溝
	Zhengzhou	山谷
	Kaifeng	山溝
	Puyang	山溝
	Xinyang	山溝
	Ankang	山谷
	Hanzhong	山溝
	Xi'an	山溝
	Baoji	山溝
	Wuzhong	山溝
	Tianshui	溝
	Lanzhou	溝
	Dunhuang	山溝
	Xining	山溝
	Hami	山溝
	Ürümqi	山溝
	Huanggang	山溝
	Xiaogan	山谷
	Yichang	山溝
	Shiyan	山溝
	Chengdu	山谷
	Chengdu (Xindu)	山谷
	Deyang	山溝溝
	Mianyang	山溝
Guangyuan	山溝
Luzhou	山谷
Leshan	山溝溝
Neijiang	山溝溝
Nanchong	山溝, 山溝溝
Chongqing	山溝, 山溝溝
Chongqing (Jiangjin)	山溝溝
Guiyang	山溝溝
Zunyi	山溝溝
Bijie	山溝溝
Tongren (Sinan)	山溝溝
Dali	山溝
Qujing	山谷
Wenshan	山谷
Guilin (Lingui)	山沖, 山窩
Liuzhou	山沖
Changde	山谷, 山溝溝
Xuzhou	山溝
Suqian	山谷
Fuyang	山谷
Wuhu	山溝
Yangzhou	山谷
Lianyungang	山谷
Huai'an	山谷
Nanjing	山谷
Hefei	山谷
Lu'an	山谷
Bengbu	山谷
Nantong	山谷
Yancheng	山谷
Taizhou	山谷
Cantonese	Guangzhou	山谷
	Hong Kong	山谷
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	山谷
	Foshan	山坑, 山谷
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	山坑
	Dongguan	山坑
	Shenzhen (Luohu)	山坑
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	山坑
	Zhanjiang	山坳
	Nanning	山溝
	Wuzhou	山沖
	Yulin	山坳
	Baise	山坳
	Qinzhou	山坳
Gan	Xiushui	山窩
	Yichun	山窩
	Taihe	山坑
	Pingjiang (Xijiang)	山溝
Hakka	Meixian	山坑
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	山坑
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	山坑
	Wengyuan	山坳
	Yudu	山谷
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	山窩
Jin	Taiyuan	山溝
	Datong	山溝, 溝
	Xinzhou	山溝
	Changzhi	溝
	Hohhot	山谷
	Baotou	山溝
	Zhangjiakou	山溝
	Handan	山溝
	Anyang	山溝
	Jiaozuo	山溝
	Yan'an	山溝
Northern Min	Jian'ou	山坑
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	山坑
	Changle	山坑
Southern Min	Xiamen	山坑
	Jinjiang	山溝
	Pinghe	山坑
	Taipei	山谷
	Taichung	山谷
	Shantou	山窩
	Jieyang	山坑
	Haikou	山谷
Puxian Min	Xianyou	山坑
Wu	Shanghai	山坳坳, 山谷, 山坳
	Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong)	山谷
	Suzhou	山坳坳
	Wuxi	山坳坳, 山坳
	Kunshan	山谷
	Haining (Yanguan)	山坳
	Changzhou	山溝
	Anji (Ancheng)	山坳
	Hangzhou	山谷
	Shaoxing	山坳
	Ningbo	山坑
	Zhoushan	山坳
	Wenling	山坑
	Yongjia (Fenglin)	山坳
	Jinhua	山坑
	Shangrao	山坑
Xiang	Changsha	山坳
	Shaoyang	山谷
	Zhuzhou	山沖
	Hengyang	山窩

See also

• 低谷 (dīgǔ)
• 谷地 (gǔdì)
• 河谷 (hégǔ)