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貪

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 贪
貪 U+8CAA, 貪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CAA
← 販
[U+8CA9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 貫 →
[U+8CAB]

Translingual

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Han character

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貪 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 人戈弓金 (OINC), four-corner 80806, composition ⿱今貝)

  1. greedy, covet
  2. covetous

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1205, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36680
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3627, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+8CAA

Chinese

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trad. 貪
simp. 贪
Chinese Wikipedia has an article on:
貪 / 贪
Wikipedia zh

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 貪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
𩃬 *qrɯm
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰl'uːm) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm, “open mouth”) + semantic 貝 (“money”).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rum. Schuessler (2007:488-489) identifies this as cognate to Tibetan དྲུམ (drum, “to long, pine”) and Jingpho marim (“to be gluttonous”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Jinhua:
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 貪
Mandarin Beijing /tʰan⁵⁵/
Harbin /tʰan⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tʰan²¹/
Jinan /tʰã²¹³/
Qingdao /tʰã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tʰan²⁴/
Xi'an /tʰã²¹/
Xining /tʰã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰan⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tʰɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /tʰan⁴⁴/
Wuhan /tʰan⁵⁵/
Chengdu /tʰan⁵⁵/
Guiyang /tʰan⁵⁵/
Kunming /tʰã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /tʰaŋ³¹/
Hefei /tʰæ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /tɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /tʰæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /tʰø⁵³/
Suzhou /tʰø⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /tʰẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /tʰø³³/
Hui Shexian /tʰɛ³¹/
Tunxi /tʰɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tʰan³³/
Xiangtan /tʰan³³/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɵn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tʰam⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʰɑm²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰam⁵³/
Nanning /tʰam⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tʰam⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tʰam⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰaŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰaŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tʰam³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ham²³/
Rime
Character 貪
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 覃 (159)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他含切
Baxter thom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰʌm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰəm/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɒm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰəm/
Li
Rong 		/tʰᴀm/
Wang
Li 		/tʰɒm/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tʰăm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		taam1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 貪
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thom ›
Old
Chinese 		/*r̥ˁ[ə]m/
English to covet

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 貪
Reading # 1/1
No. 6552
Phonetic
component 		今
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		探
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰl'uːm/

Definitions

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貪

  1. to be greedy
    做人不要這麼貪心。 [MSC, trad.]
    做人不要这么贪心。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zuòrén bùyào zhème tānxīn. [Pinyin]
    Don't be so greedy in life.
  2. to be fond of; to have an insatiable desire for
    貪玩／贪玩  ―  tānwán  ―  to be preoccupied with having fun
    貪睡／贪睡  ―  tānshuì  ―  to be a lover of sleep
  3. to pursue something (excessively or inappropriately)
    貪便宜／贪便宜  ―  tānbiànyí  ―  to be anxious to get things on the cheap
    唔好貪快衝紅燈過馬路啊！ [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔好贪快冲红灯过马路啊！ [Cantonese, simp.]
    m4 hou2 taam1 faai3 cung1 hung4 dang1 gwo3 maa5 lou6 aa3! [Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  4. to embezzle
    貪官／贪官  ―  tānguān  ―  corrupt official
    貪了幾千萬／贪了几千万  ―  tān le jǐ qiān wàn  ―  to have embezzled several hundred million

Synonyms

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  • (to embezzle):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (貪):
  • → Vietnamese: tham (貪)

References

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  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “贪”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 192.

Japanese

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Kanji

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貪

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. covet
  2. indulge

Readings

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  • Go-on: とん (ton)
  • Kan-on: たん (tan)
  • Kan’yō-on: どん (don, Jōyō)
  • Kun: むさぼる (musaboru, 貪る, Jōyō)

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

貪 (eumhun 탐(貪)할 탐 (tamhal tam))

  1. hanja form? of 탐 (“covetousness, avarice, greed”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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貪: Hán Nôm readings: tham

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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