俗

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See also: 𠈻
俗 U+4FD7, 俗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FD7
← 俖
[U+4FD6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 俘 →
[U+4FD8]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

俗 (radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人金人口 (OCOR), four-corner 28268, composition ⿰亻谷)

Usage notes[edit]

This character is not to be confused with 𠈻 (U+2023B) which has 𧮫 instead of 谷 as its right component.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 105, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 221, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 163, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+4FD7

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 俗

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 俗
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
俗-bronze.svg 俗-seal.svg 俗-bigseal.svg
Bronze inscriptions
ACC-b12355.svg

b12355

ACC-b12356.svg

b12356

ACC-b12357.svg

b12357

ACC-b12358.svg

b12358

ACC-b12359.svg

b12359

ACC-b12360.svg

b12360

Small seal script
ACC-s05809.svg

s05809

Transcribed ancient scripts
ACC-L37601.svg

L37601

ACC-L37602.svg

L37602

ACC-L37603.svg

L37603

ACC-L37604.svg

L37604

ACC-L25644.svg

L25644

ACC-L25645.svg

L25645

ACC-L25646.svg

L25646

ACC-L25647.svg

L25647

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (谷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
螸 *lo
裕 *loɡs
容 *loŋ
溶 *loŋ, *loŋʔ
鎔 *loŋ
蓉 *loŋ
傛 *loŋ, *loŋʔ
褣 *loŋ
搈 *loŋ
瑢 *loŋ
嵱 *loŋ
熔 *loŋ
榕 *loŋ
塎 *loŋʔ
谷 *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ
唂 *kloːɡ
焀 *ɡloːɡ
俗 *ljoɡ
欲 *loɡ
浴 *loɡ
鵒 *loɡ
峪 *ɦkloːɡ
鋊 *loɡ
輍 *loɡ
慾 *loɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ljoɡ): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ) – customs of people.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“custom; manner”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ལུགས (lugs, “tradition; custom”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • sio̍k - literary;
  • sio̍h - vernacular (俗).
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 俗
    Mandarin Beijing /su³⁵/
    Harbin /ɕy²⁴/
    /su²⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕy⁴⁵/
    /su⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ɕy⁴²/
    Qingdao /sy⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /sy⁴²/
    Xi'an /ɕy²⁴/
    Xining /ɕy²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕy¹³/
    Lanzhou /su⁵³/
    Ürümqi /su²¹³/
    Wuhan /səu²¹³/
    Chengdu /ɕyo³¹/
    /ɕy³¹/
    Guiyang /ɕiu²¹/
    Kunming /su³¹/
    Nanjing /suʔ⁵/
    Hefei /suəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
    Pingyao /ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /ɕyəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /zoʔ¹/
    Suzhou /zoʔ³/
    Hangzhou /d͡zoʔ²/
    Wenzhou /jo²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /su²²/
    Tunxi /siu⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /səu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /səɯ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiuʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /siuk̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /siuk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sok̚²/
    Nanning /suk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /t͡suk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siɔk̚⁵/
    /sioʔ⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /syʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /sy²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /sok̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /tok̚³/
    Rime
    Character 俗
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
    Final (韻) 燭 (8)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 似足切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/zɨok̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ziok̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ziok̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/zuawk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ziok̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/zĭwok̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/zi̯wok̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		sú
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 俗
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		sú
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ zjowk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-[ɢ]ok/
    English ways, customs; vulgar

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 俗
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4302
    Phonetic
    component         		谷
    Rime
    group         		屋
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		續
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ljoɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    俗

    1. vulgar; unrefined; common; popular; vernacular
    2. (Hokkien) cheap; inexpensive
    3. custom; practice; habit
    4. (Buddhism) those of the secular world; non-monks

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 便宜 (“cheap”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 便宜, 低廉, 低賤
    Mandarin Beijing 便宜, 賤
    Taiwan 便宜
    Harbin 便宜, 賤
    Jinan 便宜, 賤
    Muping 便宜, 賤
    Luoyang 便宜, 賤
    Wanrong 便宜, 賤
    Xi'an 便宜, 賤
    Xining 便宜
    Xuzhou 便宜, 賤
    Yinchuan 便宜
    Lanzhou 便宜
    Ürümqi 便宜
    Wuhan 便宜, 相因
    Chengdu 相因, 便宜
    Guiyang 相因
    Liuzhou 便宜
    Yangzhou 便宜, 划廉
    Nanjing 便宜
    Hefei 巧, 便宜
    Nantong 便宜
    Malaysia 便宜
    Singapore 便宜
    Cantonese Guangzhou 平
    Hong Kong 平
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 平
    Macau 平
    Panyu 平
    Huadu (Huashan) 平
    Conghua 平
    Zengcheng 平
    Foshan 平
    Nanhai (Shatou) 平
    Shunde 平
    Sanshui 平
    Gaoming (Mingcheng) 便宜, 平
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 平
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 平
    Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 平
    Doumen 平
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 平
    Xinhui 平
    Taishan 平
    Kaiping (Chikan) 平
    Enping (Niujiang) 平
    Heshan (Yayao) 平
    Dongguan 平
    Bao'an (Shajing) 平
    Yangjiang 平, 平宜
    Kuala Lumpur 平
    Singapore 平
    Gan Nanchang 便宜
    Lichuan 便宜
    Pingxiang 便宜
    Hakka Meixian 便宜, 平
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 平宜
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 平
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 平
    Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 平
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 平
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 便宜
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 平
    Wuhua (Changbu) 平
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 便宜
    Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 便宜
    Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 便宜
    Conghua (Lütian) 便宜
    Yudu 便宜
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 便宜
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 便宜
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 便宜
    Dongshi (Dabu) 便宜
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 便宜
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 便宜
    Sabah (Longchuan) 便宜
    Singkawang 便宜
    Huizhou Jixi 便宜
    Jin Taiyuan 便宜, 賤
    Xinzhou 便宜, 賤
    Min Bei Jian'ou 便宜
    Min Dong Fuzhou 便宜, 賤
    Matsu 便宜
    Min Nan Xiamen 俗, 便宜
    Quanzhou 俗, 便宜
    Zhangzhou 俗, 便宜
    Taipei 俗
    Kaohsiung 俗
    Tainan 俗
    Taichung 俗
    Wuqi 俗
    Hsinchu 俗
    Taitung 俗
    Lukang 俗
    Sanxia 俗
    Yilan 俗, 便宜
    Kinmen 俗
    Magong 俗, 便宜
    Penang (Hokkien) 便宜
    Singapore (Hokkien) 偏
    Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 俗
    Chaozhou 便
    Shantou 便
    Singapore (Teochew) 便
    Wenchang 便宜
    Haikou 便宜
    Puxian Min Putian 相因
    Xianyou 相因
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 平
    Sanxiang 平
    Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 平
    Wu Shanghai 便宜, 𠼢
    Suzhou 便宜, 𠼢
    Hangzhou 便宜, 賤
    Wenzhou 鬆, 便宜
    Chongming 便宜, 𠼢
    Danyang 便宜, 賤
    Jinhua 便宜, 賤
    Ningbo 便宜
    Xiang Changsha 便宜
    Shuangfeng 便宜, 賤
    Loudi 便宜

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 俗

    Further reading[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    俗

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Adjectival noun[edit]

    俗(ぞく) • (zoku) -na (adnominal 俗(ぞく)な (zoku na), adverbial 俗(ぞく)に (zoku ni))

    1. worldly
    2. vulgar
    3. common, lay
      俗(ぞく)に言(い)う
      zoku ni iu
      what is commonly referred to as
      俗(ぞく)に言(い)えば
      zoku ni ieba
      to use a common phrase

    Inflection[edit]

    Inflection of 俗
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形) 俗だろ ぞくだろ zoku daro
    Continuative (連用形) 俗で ぞくで zoku de
    Terminal (終止形) 俗だ ぞくだ zoku da
    Attributive (連体形) 俗な ぞくな zoku na
    Hypothetical (仮定形) 俗なら ぞくなら zoku nara
    Imperative (命令形) 俗であれ ぞくであれ zoku de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 俗ではない
    俗じゃない         		ぞくではない
    ぞくじゃない         		zoku de wa nai
    zoku ja nai
    Informal past 俗だった ぞくだった zoku datta
    Informal negative past 俗ではなかった
    俗じゃなかった         		ぞくではなかった
    ぞくじゃなかった         		zoku de wa nakatta
    zoku ja nakatta
    Formal 俗です ぞくです zoku desu
    Formal negative 俗ではありません
    俗じゃありません         		ぞくではありません
    ぞくじゃありません         		zoku de wa arimasen
    zoku ja arimasen
    Formal past 俗でした ぞくでした zoku deshita
    Formal negative past 俗ではありませんでした
    俗じゃありませんでした         		ぞくではありませんでした
    ぞくじゃありませんでした         		zoku de wa arimasen deshita
    zoku ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 俗で ぞくで zoku de
    Conditional 俗なら（ば） ぞくなら（ば） zoku nara (ba)
    Provisional 俗だったら ぞくだったら zoku dattara
    Volitional 俗だろう ぞくだろう zoku darō
    Adverbial 俗に ぞくに zoku ni
    Degree 俗さ ぞくさ zokusa

    Noun[edit]

    俗(ぞく) • (zoku) 

    1. worldliness
    2. vulgarity
    3. the laity, mundane things, common man
    4. customs

    Derived terms[edit]

    Derived terms

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    俗 (eum 속 (sok))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    俗: Hán Nôm readings: tục

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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