俗

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Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

俗 (radical 9 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人金人口 (OCOR), four-corner 28268, composition ⿰亻谷)

  1. social customs
  2. vulgar, unrefined

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 105, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 221, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 163, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+4FD7

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 俗

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 俗
Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script
俗-bronze.svg 俗-bigseal.svg 俗-seal.svg
Bronze inscriptions
ACC-b12355.svg

b12355
ACC-b12356.svg

b12356
ACC-b12357.svg

b12357
ACC-b12358.svg

b12358
ACC-b12359.svg

b12359
ACC-b12360.svg

b12360
Large seal script
ACC-L37601.svg

L37601
ACC-L37602.svg

L37602
ACC-L37603.svg

L37603
ACC-L37604.svg

L37604
ACC-L25644.svg

L25644
ACC-L25645.svg

L25645
ACC-L25646.svg

L25646
ACC-L25647.svg

L25647
Small seal script
ACC-s05809.svg

s05809
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (large seal) and
  • Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ljoɡ): semantic 亻 ‎(“person”) + phonetic 谷 ‎(OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ) – customs of people.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 俗
Mandarin Beijing /su³⁵/
Harbin /ɕy²⁴/
/su²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕy⁴⁵/
/su⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕy⁴²/
Qingdao /sy⁴²/
Zhengzhou /sy⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕy²⁴/
Xining /ɕy²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕy¹³/
Lanzhou /su⁵³/
Ürümqi /su²¹³/
Wuhan /səu²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕyo³¹/
/ɕy³¹/
Guiyang /ɕiu²¹/
Kunming /su³¹/
Nanjing /suʔ⁵/
Hefei /suəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zoʔ¹/
Suzhou /zoʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡zoʔ²/
Wenzhou /jo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /su²²/
Tunxi /siu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /səu²⁴/
Xiangtan /səɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiuʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /siuk̚⁵/
Taoyuan /siuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sok̚²/
Nanning /suk̚²²/
Hong Kong /t͡suk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siɔk̚⁵/
/sioʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /syʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /sy²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sok̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tok̚³/
Rime
Character 俗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 燭 (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 似足切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /zɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ziok̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ziok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /zuawk̚/
Li
Rong		 /ziok̚/
Wang
Li		 /zĭwok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /zi̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 sú
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 俗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ zjowk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-[ɢ]ok/
English ways, customs; vulgar

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 俗
Reading # 1/1
No. 4302
Phonetic
component		 谷
Rime
group		 屋
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 續
Old
Chinese		 /*ljoɡ/

Adjective[edit]

俗

  1. vulgar; unrefined; common; popular; vernacular
  2. (Min Nan) cheap; inexpensive

Synonyms[edit]

  • (cheap):
Dialectal synonyms of 便宜 (“cheap”)
Variety Location Words
Mandarin Beijing 便宜、賤
Cantonese Guangzhou 平
Hong Kong 平
Taishan 平
Hakka Meixian 便宜、平
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 便宜
Liudui (S. Sixian) 便宜
Hsinchu (Hailu) 便宜
Dongshi (Dabu) 便宜
Taiwanese Raoping 便宜
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 便宜
Min Dong Fuzhou 便宜
Min Nan Quanzhou 俗、便宜
Xiamen 俗、便宜
Zhangzhou 俗、便宜
Taipei 俗、便宜
Kaohsiung 俗、便宜
Chaozhou 便

Noun[edit]

俗

  1. custom; practice; habit
  2. (Buddhism) those of the secular world; non-monks

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
俗

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Adjectival noun[edit]

俗 ‎(-na inflection, hiragana ぞく, romaji zoku)

  1. worldly
  2. vulgar
  3. common, lay
    俗 (ぞく)に言 (い)う
    zoku ni iu
    what is commonly referred to as
    俗 (ぞく)に言 (い)えば
    zoku ni ieba
    to use a common phrase

Inflection[edit]

Inflection of "俗な"
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 俗だろ ぞくだろ zoku daro
Continuative (連用形) 俗で ぞくで zoku de
Terminal (終止形) 俗だ ぞくだ zoku da
Attributive (連体形) 俗な ぞくな zoku na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 俗なら ぞくなら zoku nara
Imperative (命令形) 俗であれ ぞくであれ zoku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 俗ではない
俗じゃない		 ぞくではない
ぞくじゃない		 zoku de wa nai
zoku ja nai
Informal past 俗だった ぞくだった zoku datta
Informal negative past 俗ではなかった
俗じゃなかった		 ぞくではなかった
ぞくじゃなかった		 zoku de wa nakatta
zoku ja nakatta
Formal 俗です ぞくです zoku desu
Formal negative 俗ではありません
俗じゃありません		 ぞくではありません
ぞくじゃありません		 zoku de wa arimasen
zoku ja arimasen
Formal past 俗でした ぞくでした zoku deshita
Formal negative past 俗ではありませんでした
俗じゃありませんでした		 ぞくではありませんでした
ぞくじゃありませんでした		 zoku de wa arimasen deshita
zoku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 俗で ぞくで zoku de
Conditional 俗なら（ば） ぞくなら（ば） zoku nara(ba)
Provisional 俗だったら ぞくだったら zoku dattara
Volitional 俗だろう ぞくだろう zoku darō
Adverbial 俗に ぞくに zoku ni
Degree 俗さ ぞくさ zokusa

Noun[edit]

俗 ‎(hiragana ぞく, romaji zoku)

  1. worldliness
  2. vulgarity
  3. the laity, mundane things, common man
  4. customs

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

俗 • ‎(sok) (hangeul 속, revised sok, McCune-Reischauer sok, Yale sok)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

俗 (tục)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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