平
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See also: 乎
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
平 (radical 51, 干+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一火十 (MFJ), four-corner 10409, composition ⿻干丷(GHTJV) or ⿻干八(K))
Derived characters[edit]
- 伻, 呯, 坪, 㛁, 岼, 𪪭, 怦, 抨, 泙, 𨸶, 𫯡, 𪰓, 胓, 枰, 𤇊, 𤘾, 玶, 𨒳, 𪜉, 𬑈, 砰, 秤, 𥹒, 𮈈, 䍈, 䍬, 蚲, 評(评), 軯, 𨥾, 𢆠, 駍(𬳴), 鮃(鲆), 䶄, 𢆊, 𢆕, 㼞, 𪪇, 匉, 苹, 𢆓, 𤵣, 𬔳, 閛, 𡊞
Further reading[edit]
- KangXi: page 339, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9167
- Dae Jaweon: page 646, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 407, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5E73
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
平 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𠀒 𠀭 𤔁 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 平 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
平
- level; even; flat
- even
- draw, tie
- to level
- calm; peaceful
- peace
- to pacify
- (used in placenames of conquered lands) pacified territory
- ordinary; common; mediocre; average
- (Cantonese, Hakka) cheap; inexpensive
- (Teochew) the same
- (historical) Short for 北平 (Běipíng).
- A surname, number 95 of the Baijiaxing
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 平
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Descendants[edit]
- → Iu Mien: baengh (“level”)
- → Proto-Palaungic: *-pre/iŋ (“equal, level”) (Sidwell, 2015)
- → Proto-Tai: *biangᴬ (“flat, even”)
- → Proto-Vietic: *bang (“flat, even”)
- Vietnamese: bằng (“flat”)
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
平
- Alternative form of 辨 (biàn).
Pronunciation 3[edit]
Definitions[edit]
平
Pronunciation 4[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 平 – see 抨 (“to shoot with a catapult; to pat; to beat; etc.”). (This character, 平, is a variant form of 抨.) |
References[edit]
- “平”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01192
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
平
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: びょう (byō, Jōyō)←びやう (byau, historical)
- Kan-on: へい (hei, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: ひん (hin)
- Kan’yō-on: ひょう (hyō)←ひやう (fyau, historical)
- Kun: たいら (taira, 平ら, Jōyō)←たひら (tafira, historical); ひら (hira, 平, Jōyō)
- Nanori: おさむ (osamu); さね (sane); たか (taka); つね (tsune); とし (toshi); なり (nari); なる (naru); はかる (hakaru); ひとし (hitoshi); まさる (masaru); もち (mochi); よし (yoshi)
As an alternative form for 弁:
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| ひら Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨pi1ra⟩ → /pʲira/ → /ɸira/ → /hira/
Stem of adjective 平たい (hiratai). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- something flat; flattened
- something ordinary, common, mediocre
- a person of low-ranking status
- the top ridge of a roof parallel to the side of a building (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
- Short for 平織 (hiraori, “plain weave”).
- in bookbinding, the flat part of a cover (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
- Short for 平椀 (hirawan).
Derived terms[edit]
Prefix[edit]
- single-minded (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
- connects to a noun
Proper noun[edit]
- a female given name
- a surname.
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| たいら Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨tapi1ra⟩ → /tapʲira/ → /taɸira/ → /tawira/ → /taira/
Nominalization of adjective 平ら (taira, “flat, level”).
Noun[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- a surname, especially of those descended from imperial lineage ineligible for the Chrysanthemum Throne:
- the 桓武平氏 (Kanmu Heishi), from Emperor Kanmu
- the 仁明平氏 (Ninmyō Heishi), from Emperor Ninmyō
- the 文徳平氏 (Montoku Heishi), from Emperor Montoku, and
- the 光孝平氏 (Kōkō Heishi), from Emperor Kōkō
- a placename, especially in Iwaki city, Fukushima Prefecture
- a male given name
Derived terms[edit]
- 松平 (Matsudaira)
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| へい Grade: 3 |
| kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 平 (MC bˠiæŋ).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Affix[edit]
- even, flat, level
- flatten, level
- uniform
- calm, gentle, peaceful
- common, ordinary, usual
- Short for 平氏 (Heishi) or 平家 (Heike): Taira clan
- (mathematics) square, square root
Derived terms[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- a surname.
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| ひょう Grade: 3 |
| kan’yōon |
/pʲau/ → /ɸʲɔː/ → /hʲoː/
Possibly from Middle Chinese 平 (MC bˠiæŋ).
The 慣用音 (kan'yōon, literally “commonly accepted sound”) reading, a pronunciation in common usage based on a corruption of the Middle Chinese borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- Short for 平韻 (hyōin): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - Short for 平調 (hyōjō): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Affix[edit]
- Short for 平声 (hyōshō): the level tone in Middle Chinese
Etymology 5[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| びょう Grade: 3 |
| goon |
/bʲau/ → /bʲɔː/ → /bʲoː/
From Middle Chinese 平 (MC bˠiæŋ).
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Affix[edit]
Etymology 6[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| Grade: 3 |
| nanori |
Nominalization of classical verb おさむ (osamu), modern おさめる (osameru, multiple definitions in kanji).
Proper noun[edit]
- a surname.
- a male given name (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
Etymology 7[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| Grade: 3 |
| nanori |
Nominalization of classical adjective 等し (hitoshi), modern 等しい (hitoshii, “equal, same”).
Proper noun[edit]
- a surname.
- a male given name
Etymology 8[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| Grade: 3 |
| nanori |
Nominalization of classical adjective 広し (hiroshi), modern 広い (hiroi, “vast, wide”).
Proper noun[edit]
- a male given name
Etymology 9[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| Grade: 3 |
| nanori |
Nominalization of classical adjective 安し (yasushi), modern 安い (yasui, “peaceful, quiet”).
Proper noun[edit]
- a male given name (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
Etymology 10[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| Grade: 3 |
| nanori |
Nominalization of classical adjective 良し (yoshi), modern 良い (yoi, “good, fine”).
Proper noun[edit]
- a surname.
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
平 (eumhun 평평할 평 (pyeongpyeonghal pyeong))
Derived terms[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
平: Hán Nôm readings: bình, bằng, bường, biền
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Compounds[edit]
- 平安 bình an
- 高平 Cao Bằng
- 平平 biền biền (cf. Thiều Chửu )
- 平常 bình thường
Readings[edit]
- Nôm: bình, bằng, bường
References[edit]
- Thiều Chửu: Hán Việt Tự Điển, Hà Nội, 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Nom Foundation
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- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading ひょう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'yōon reading ひやう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading へい
- Japanese kanji with goon reading びょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading びやう
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading おさむ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さね
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たか
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading つね
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading とし
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading なる
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- Japanese affixes
- ja:Mathematics
- Japanese terms spelled with 平 read as ひょう
- Japanese terms spelled with 平 read as びょう
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