平和

Chinese

Etymology 1

		flat; level; equal flat; level; equal; to make the same score; to tie; to draw; calm; peaceful	mix together; peace; harmony mix together; peace; harmony; and; with; union; cap (a poem); respond in singing; soft; warm
simp. and trad. (平和)		平	和
anagram		和平

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pínghé

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ping⁴ wo⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phiàng-fò / phìn-fò

  (Hailu, HRS): pin fo

• Eastern Min (BUC): bìng-huò
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pêng-hô / pêng-hô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pêng⁵ hua⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶bin-wu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pínghé
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pínghé
    • Wade–Giles: pʻing²-ho²
    • Yale: píng-hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyngher
    • Palladius: пинхэ (pinxɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ping⁴ wo⁴
    • Yale: pìhng wòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ping⁴ wo⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ping⁴ wo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɪŋ²¹ wɔː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phiàng-fò / phìn-fò
    • Hakka Romanization System: piang^ˇ fo^ˇ / pin^ˇ fo^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: piang² fo² / pin² fo²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰi̯aŋ¹¹ fo¹¹/, /pʰin¹¹ fo¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: pin fo
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰin⁵⁵ fo⁵⁵/

Note: phiàng-fò - only "placid, polite".

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bìng-huò
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^(h-)ŋuo⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng-hô
    • Tâi-lô: pîng-hô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: penghooi
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ¹³⁻²² ho¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng-hô͘
    • Tâi-lô: pîng-hôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: penghoo
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: pêng⁵ hua⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phêng huâ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hua⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶bin-wu
    • MiniDict: bin^去 wu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bin-hhu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bin²² ɦu⁴⁴/

Adjective

平和

1. having a mild temperament; polite
2. peaceful; placid

   心境平和  ―  xīnjìng pínghé  ―  peace of mind

3. harmonious; concordant

Synonyms

• (having a mild temperament):

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• 平易 (píngyì)
• 惠 (huì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 柔和 (róuhé) (also of sound, voice, colour, lighting, etc.)
• 柔弱 (róuruò)
• 柔順 / 柔顺 (róushùn)
• 溫和 / 温和
• 溫存 / 温存 (wēncún)
• 溫柔 / 温柔 (wēnróu) (especially of a woman)

• (peaceful):

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• 和平 (hépíng)
• 嗼寂 (mòjì)
• 安恬 (āntián) (literary)
• 安生 (ānshēng)
• 安謐 / 安谧 (ānmì) (literary)
• 安靖 (ānjìng) (literary)
• 安靜 / 安静 (ānjìng)
• 寂寞 (jìmò)
• 寂寥 (jìliáo)
• 寂然 (jìrán) (literary)
• 寂靜 / 寂静 (jìjìng)
• 寧靜 / 宁静 (níngjìng)
• 平靜 / 平静 (píngjìng)
• 幽靜 / 幽静 (yōujìng)
• 恬 (Hakka, literary or Min Nan)
• 恬淡 (tiándàn)
• 恬謐 / 恬谧 (tiánmì) (literary)
• 恬靜 / 恬静 (tiánjìng)
• 悄悄 (qiāoqiāo)
• 沉寂 (chénjì)
• 沉靜 / 沉静 (chénjìng)
• 清淨 / 清净 (qīngjìng)
• 清靜 / 清静 (qīngjìng)
• 自靜 / 自静 (zi³ jing²) (Jin)
• 靜寂 / 静寂 (jìngjì)
• 靜寂寂 / 静寂寂 (Hokkien)
• 靜悄悄 / 静悄悄 (jìngqiāoqiāo)
• 靜生生 / 静生生 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

• (harmonious):

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• 協調 / 协调 (xiétiáo)
• 和協 / 和协 (héxié)
• 和好 (héhǎo)
• 和平 (hépíng)
• 和氣 / 和气
• 和洽 (héqià)
• 和睦 (hémù)
• 和美 (héměi)
• 和諧 / 和谐 (héxié)
• 團結 / 团结 (tuánjié)
• 緝穆 / 缉穆 (qìmù) (literary)
• 融和 (rónghé)
• 融洽 (róngqià)
• 親睦 / 亲睦 (qīnmù)
• 調和 / 调和 (tiáohé)
• 調諧 / 调谐 (tiáoxié)
• 諧和 / 谐和 (xiéhé)
• 輯睦 / 辑睦 (jímù) (literary)
• 雍睦 (yōngmù) (literary)
• 雝雝 / 雍雍 (yōngyōng) (literary)
• 順 / 顺 (shùn) (literary, or in compounds)

Proper noun

平和

1. (～縣) Pinghe (a county of Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)
2. (～村) Pinghe (a rural village in Cimei, Penghu County, Taiwan)

Etymology 2

		flat; level; equal flat; level; equal; to make the same score; to tie; to draw; calm; peaceful	mix together; peace; harmony mix together; peace; harmony; and; with; union; cap (a poem); respond in singing; soft; warm
simp. and trad. (平和)		平	和
alternative forms		平胡 平糊 Cantonese
anagram		和平

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pínghú

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ping⁴ wu^4-2

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pínghú
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄏㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pínghú
    • Wade–Giles: pʻing²-hu²
    • Yale: píng-hú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pynghwu
    • Palladius: пинху (pinxu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ping⁴ wu^4-2
    • Yale: pìhng wú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ping⁴ wu^4-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: ping⁴ wu^4-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɪŋ²¹ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/

Noun

平和

1. (mahjong) a winning hand in which every meld is a chow, and the pair does not consist of wind or dragon tiles (in Hong Kong mahjong, the pair can consist of wind or dragon tiles)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
平	和
へい Grade: 3	わ Grade: 3
on'yomi

Rearrangement of 和平 (wahei, “peace”), likely that 平 (hei) also means "flat", therefore switching the kanji meant "calm, equal + harmony → peace". (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

First attested in the Meiji era.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [he̞ːβ̞a̠]
• (Tokyo) へーわ [hèéwá] (Heiban – [0])

Adjective

平(へい)和(わ) • (heiwa) -na (adnominal 平(へい)和(わ)な (heiwa na), adverbial 平(へい)和(わ)に (heiwa ni))

1. peaceful

   平(へい)和(わ)な世(せ)界(かい) ― heiwa na sekai ― a peaceful world

2. calm

Inflection

Inflection of 平和

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	平和だろ	へいわだろ	heiwa daro
Continuative (連用形)	平和で	へいわで	heiwa de
Terminal (終止形)	平和だ	へいわだ	heiwa da
Attributive (連体形)	平和な	へいわな	heiwa na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	平和なら	へいわなら	heiwa nara
Imperative (命令形)	平和であれ	へいわであれ	heiwa de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	平和ではない 平和じゃない	へいわではない へいわじゃない	heiwa de wa nai heiwa ja nai
Informal past	平和だった	へいわだった	heiwa datta
Informal negative past	平和ではなかった 平和じゃなかった	へいわではなかった へいわじゃなかった	heiwa de wa nakatta heiwa ja nakatta
Formal	平和です	へいわです	heiwa desu
Formal negative	平和ではありません 平和じゃありません	へいわではありません へいわじゃありません	heiwa de wa arimasen heiwa ja arimasen
Formal past	平和でした	へいわでした	heiwa deshita
Formal negative past	平和ではありませんでした 平和じゃありませんでした	へいわではありませんでした へいわじゃありませんでした	heiwa de wa arimasen deshita heiwa ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	平和で	へいわで	heiwa de
Conditional	平和なら（ば）	へいわなら（ば）	heiwa nara (ba)
Provisional	平和だったら	へいわだったら	heiwa dattara
Volitional	平和だろう	へいわだろう	heiwa darō
Adverbial	平和に	へいわに	heiwa ni
Degree	平和さ	へいわさ	heiwasa

Classical conjugation of "平和なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	平和なら	へいわなら	feiwanara
Continuative (連用形)	平和に[1] 平和なり[2]	へいわに へいわなり	feiwani feiwanari
Terminal (終止形)	平和なり	へいわなり	feiwanari
Attributive (連体形)	平和なる	へいわなる	feiwanaru
Realis (已然形)	平和なれ	へいわなれ	feiwanare
Imperative (命令形)	平和なれ	へいわなれ	feiwanare
Key constructions
Negative	平和ならず	へいわならず	feiwanarazu
Contrasting conjunction	平和なれど	へいわなれど	feiwanaredo
Causal conjunction	平和なれば	へいわなれば	feiwanareba
Conditional conjunction	平和ならば	へいわならば	feiwanaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	平和なりき	へいわなりき	feiwanariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	平和なりけり	へいわなりけり	feiwanarikeri
Adverbial	平和に	へいわに	feiwani

^[1]Without auxiliary verb.
^[2]With auxiliary verb.

Noun

平(へい)和(わ) • (heiwa) 

1. peace, a peaceful situation

   何(ど)処(こ)かに平(へい)和(わ)が有(あ)るならば、いつか花(はな)も咲(さ)く。

   Doko ka ni heiwa ga aru nara ba, itsuka hana mo saku.

   If there is peace, someday the flowers shall bloom.

2. calm, calmness

Synonyms

• 平(へい)安(あん) (heian)
• 平(へい)静(せい) (heisei)

Derived terms

• 平(へい)和(わ)維(い)持(じ)活(かつ)動(どう) (heiwa iji katsudō)
• 平(へい)和(わ)維(い)持(じ)軍(ぐん) (heiwa iji-gun)
• 平(へい)和(わ)運(うん)動(どう) (heiwa undō)
• 平(へい)和(わ)会(かい)議(ぎ) (heiwa kaigi)
• 平(へい)和(わ)学(がく) (heiwa-gaku)
• 平(へい)和(わ)革(かく)命(めい) (heiwa kakumei)
• 平(へい)和(わ)義(ぎ)務(む) (heiwa gimu)
• 平(へい)和(わ)共(きょう)存(そん) (heiwa kyōson)
• 平(へい)和(わ)祈(き)念(ねん)像(ぞう) (Heiwa Kinen-zō)
• 平(へい)和(わ)研(けん)究(きゅう) (heiwa kenkyū)
• 平(へい)和(わ)憲(けん)法(ぽう) (Heiwa Kenpō)
• 平(へい)和(わ)公(こう)園(えん) (Heiwa Kōen)
• 平(へい)和(わ)産(さん)業(ぎょう) (heiwa sangyō)
• 平(へい)和(わ)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (heiwa shugi)
• 平(へい)和(わ)条(じょう)項(こう) (heiwa jōkō)
• 平(へい)和(わ)条(じょう)約(やく) (heiwa jōyaku)
• 平(へい)和(わ)宣(せん)言(げん) (Heiwa Sengen)
• 平(へい)和(わ)に対(たい)する罪(つみ) (heiwa ni tai suru tsumi)
• 平(へい)和(わ)の鐘(かね) (Heiwa no Kane)
• 平(へい)和(わ)部(ぶ)隊(たい) (Heiwa Butai)
• 消(しょう)極(きょく)的(てき)平(へい)和(わ) (shōkyoku-teki heiwa)
• 世(せ)界(かい)平(へい)和(わ) (sekai heiwa)
• 積(せっ)極(きょく)的(てき)平(へい)和(わ) (sekkyoku-teki heiwa)
• 武(ぶ)装(そう)平(へい)和(わ) (busō heiwa)

Proper noun

平(へい)和(わ) • (Heiwa) 

1. a female given name
2. a place name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
平	和
ぴん Grade: 3	ふ Grade: 3
irregular

Borrowed from Chinese 平和 (pínghú).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pʲĩɰ̃ɸɯ̟]
• (Tokyo) ピンフ [pìńfú] (Heiban – [0])

Noun

平和(ピンフ) or 平和(ピンホー) • (pinfu or pinhō) 

1. (mahjong) no points hand: a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) that does not have any of the following: triplets, quads, the player's seat wind, the prevailing wind, or dragons; and the winning tile completes a two-sided wait sequence; worth 1 翻 (han, “double”)

Derived terms

• 平(ピン)和(フ)自摸(ツモ) (pinfu-tsumo)

References

• “平和”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Anagrams

• 和平(わへい) (wahei)

Korean

Hanja in this term
平	和

Noun

平和 • (pyeonghwa) (hangeul 평화)

1. hanja form^? of 평화 (“peace”)