縣

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See also: 县 and 県
縣 U+7E23, 縣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E23
← 縢
[U+7E22] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 縤 →
[U+7E24]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 縣
Shinjitai 県
Simplified 县

Han character[edit]

縣 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 月火竹女火 (BFHVF), four-corner 62993, composition ⿰⿱⿴𠀃三小系(GTV) or ⿰県系(HJK))

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • 县 (simplification)
    • also simplified within the compound character 悬 from 懸
  • 県 (simplification)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 934, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27784
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1373, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3435, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7E23

Chinese[edit]

trad. 縣
simp. 县
alternative forms 県
Map including Fang County (labeled as 房縣 FANG-HSIEN (walled)) and Yun County (labeled as 鄖縣 YÜN-HSIEN (YÜN-YANG) (walled)) in Shiyan, western Hubei Province, China (AMS, 1954)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 縣
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
縣-bronze.svg 縣-seal.svg 縣-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (縣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
縣 *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːns
懸 *ɡʷeːn

Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (會意): 𥄉 + 系 – to hang 系 by the head 𥄉 (hair hanging down).

Original form of 懸. Originally in bronze and bamboo slip scripts, Ideogrammic compound (會意): 目 + 木 + 糸 - to hang with the string 糸 by the head 目 (using an eye to represent a head) on a tree 木. In Qin bamboo slip scripts, some of 目 + 木 were corrupted to 県 (with one straight horizontal line rather than 𠃊) which interpreted to a reversed 首 head by Shuowen, and 糸 was corrupted to 系.

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • koāiⁿ/kūiⁿ/koān - vernacular;
  • hiān - literary.
Note: guain7 - Chaoyang.
Note:
  • xienn5 - vernacular;
  • xienn4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 縣
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian⁵¹/
Harbin /ɕian⁵³/
Tianjin /ɕian⁵³/
Jinan /ɕiã²¹/
Qingdao /ɕiã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕian³¹²/
Xi'an /ɕiã⁴⁴/
Xining /ɕiã²¹³/
Yinchuan /ɕian¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕian²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕiɛn³⁵/
Chengdu /ɕian¹³/
Guiyang /ɕian²¹³/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ɕien⁴⁴/
Hefei /ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ɕie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦyø²³/
Suzhou /ɦiø³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞¹³/
Wenzhou /jy²²/
Hui Shexian /ɕie²²/
Tunxi /yɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
/ɕiẽ¹¹/
Xiangtan /ɕiẽ²¹/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /ian⁵³/
Taoyuan /ʒen⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jyn²²/
Nanning /jin²²/
/yn²²/
Hong Kong /jyn²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hian²²/
/kuãi²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kaiŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kyiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kũi³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sin³⁵/
/kɔi²³/
Rime
Character 縣
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 先 (86)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 黃練切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦwenH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷenH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuɛnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwɛnH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuenH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣiwenH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣiwenH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xuàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyun6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 縣
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwenH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.[ɡ]ʷˁe[n]-s/
English district

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 縣
Reading # 2/2
No. 13578
Phonetic
component 		縣
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡʷeːns/

Definitions[edit]

縣

  1. A type of administrative division:
    1. (historical, in ancient China) district; prefecture
    2. (in Mainland China) county (third level division that is now generally restricted to rural areas, contrasted with urban districts (區／区 (qū)))
    3. (in Taiwan) county (first level division that used to be under the jurisdiction of a province but are now directly administered by the central government)
    4. (in Japan) prefecture
    5. (in the United States) county (second level division under the jurisdiction of a state, excluding Alaska and Louisiana)
      洛杉磯縣／洛杉矶县  ―  luòshānjī xiàn  ―  Los Angeles County
  2. (in many cases but not always) county seat (the town which serves as the seat of government of such divisions)
  3. a surname
See also[edit]
  • (first-level divisions): 省 (shěng), 市 (shì); 道 (dào) (historical)
  • (second-level divisions): 區／区 (qū); 州 (zhōu), 市 (shì), 府 (fǔ), 郡 (jùn), 道 (dào) (historical)

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (縣):
  • → Japanese: 県(けん) (ken); 県(げん) (gen)
  • → Korean: 현 (縣, hyeon)
  • → Vietnamese: huyện (縣)

Others:

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 縣
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 先 (86)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 胡涓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦwen/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷen/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwɛn/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuen/
Wang
Li 		/ɣiwen/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣiwen/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xuán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 縣
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xuán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ʷˁe[n]/
English suspend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 縣
Reading # 1/2
No. 13576
Phonetic
component 		縣
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		玄
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡʷeːn/

Definitions[edit]

縣

  1. † Alternative form of 懸／悬 (xuán, “to hang; to suspend”).

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

県

Kyūjitai

縣

Kanji[edit]

縣

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 県)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

縣 (eumhun 고을 현 (go'eul hyeon))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

縣 (eumhun 매달 현 (maedal hyeon))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

縣: Hán Nôm readings: huyện

  1. chữ Hán form of huyện (“district”).
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