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縣

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 县 and 県
縣 U+7E23, 縣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E23
← 縢
[U+7E22] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 縤 →
[U+7E24]

Translingual

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Traditional 縣
Shinjitai 県
Simplified 县

Han character

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縣 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+10, 16 strokes, Cangjie input 月火竹女火 (BFHVF), four-corner 62993, composition ⿰⿱⿴𠀃三小系(GT) or ⿰県系(HJK))

Derived characters

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Descendants

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  • 县 (simplification)
    • also simplified within the compound character 悬 from 懸
  • 県 (simplification)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 934, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27784
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1373, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3435, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7E23

Chinese

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trad. 縣
simp. 县
alternative forms 県
Map including Fang County (labeled as 房縣 FANG-HSIEN (walled)) and Yun County (labeled as 鄖縣 YÜN-HSIEN (YÜN-YANG) (walled)) in Shiyan, western Hubei Province, China (AMS, 1954)

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 縣
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (縣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
縣 *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːns
懸 *ɡʷeːn

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 目 + 木 + 糸 - to hang with the string 糸 by the head 目 (using an eye to represent a head) on a tree 木. Originally referred to 懸 (OC *ɡʷeːn, “to hang”); later jiajie (假借) for 縣 (OC *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːns, “administrative division”).

In Qin bamboo slip scripts, some of 目 + 木 were corrupted to 県 (with one straight horizontal line rather than 𠃊) which interpreted to a reversed head 𥄉 by Shuowen, and 糸 was corrupted to 系.

Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ge5/ginn5/genn5 - vernacular;
  • hoeng5/hyoeng5/hieng5 - literary.
Note:
  • koāiⁿ/kūiⁿ/koān - vernacular;
  • hiān - literary.
Note: guain7 - Chaoyang.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: guai1 / hieng7
      • Sinological IPA: /kuai³⁵/, /hieŋ⁵⁵/
Note:
  • guai1 - vernacular;
  • hieng7 - literary.
Note:
  • xienn5 - vernacular;
  • xienn4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 縣
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕian⁵¹/
    Harbin /ɕian⁵³/
    Tianjin /ɕian⁵³/
    Jinan /ɕiã²¹/
    Qingdao /ɕiã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ɕian³¹²/
    Xi'an /ɕiã⁴⁴/
    Xining /ɕiã²¹³/
    Yinchuan /ɕian¹³/
    Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
    Ürümqi /ɕian²¹³/
    Wuhan /ɕiɛn³⁵/
    Chengdu /ɕian¹³/
    Guiyang /ɕian²¹³/
    Kunming /ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
    Nanjing /ɕien⁴⁴/
    Hefei /ɕiĩ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕie⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /ɕie̞³⁵/
    Hohhot /ɕie⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦyø²³/
    Suzhou /ɦiø³¹/
    Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞¹³/
    Wenzhou /jy²²/
    Hui Shexian /ɕie²²/
    Tunxi /yɛ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
    /ɕiẽ¹¹/
    Xiangtan /ɕiẽ²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiɛn²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /ian⁵³/
    Taoyuan /ʒen⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jyn²²/
    Nanning /jin²²/
    /yn²²/
    Hong Kong /jyn²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hian²²/
    /kuãi²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kaiŋ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kyiŋ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kũi³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /sin³⁵/
    /kɔi²³/
    Rime
    Character 縣
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 先 (86)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 黃練切
    Baxter hwenH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦwenH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷenH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣuɛnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦwɛnH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣuenH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣiwenH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ɣiwenH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xuàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jyun6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 縣
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hwenH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə.[ɡ]ʷˁe[n]-s/
    English district

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 縣
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 13578
    Phonetic
    component         		縣
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡʷeːns/

    Definitions

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    縣

    1. A type of administrative division:
      1. (historical, in ancient China) district; prefecture
      2. (in Mainland China) county (third level division that is now generally restricted to rural areas, contrasted with urban districts (區／区 (qū)))
      3. (in Taiwan) county (first level division that used to be under the jurisdiction of a province but are now directly administered by the central government)
      4. (in Indonesia) regency
      5. (in Japan) prefecture
      6. (in the United States) county (second level division under the jurisdiction of a state, excluding Alaska and Louisiana)
        洛杉磯縣／洛杉矶县  ―  luòshānjī xiàn  ―  Los Angeles County
      7. (in Vietnam) rural district
    2. (in many cases but not always) county seat (the town which serves as the seat of government of such divisions)
    3. a surname
    See also
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    • (first-level divisions): 省 (shěng), 市 (shì); 道 (dào) (historical)
    • (second-level divisions): 區／区 (qū); 州 (zhōu), 市 (shì), 府 (fǔ), 郡 (jùn), 道 (dào) (historical)

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic (縣):
    • → Japanese: 県(けん) (ken); 県(げん) (gen)
    • → Korean: 현(縣) (hyeon)
    • → Vietnamese: huyện (縣)

    Others:

    Etymology 2

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    Pronunciation

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    Rime
    Character 縣
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 先 (86)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 胡涓切
    Baxter hwen
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦwen/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷen/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣuɛn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦwɛn/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣuen/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣiwen/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ɣiwen/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xuán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jyun4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 縣
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xuán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hwen ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɡ]ʷˁe[n]/
    English suspend

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 縣
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 13576
    Phonetic
    component         		縣
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		玄
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡʷeːn/

    Definitions

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    縣

    1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 懸 / 悬 (xuán, “to hang; to suspend”)

    References

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    • “縣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
    • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “县”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 230.

    Japanese

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    Shinjitai 県
    Kyūjitai 縣

    Kanji

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    縣

    (Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 県)

    1. kyūjitai form of 県

    Readings

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    縣 (eumhun 고을 현 (go'eul hyeon))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    縣 (eumhun 매달 현 (maedal hyeon))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    縣: Hán Việt readings: huyện[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

    1. chữ Hán form of huyện (“district”)

    References

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    1. ^ Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ^ Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Hồ (1976).
    5. ^ Bonet (1899).
    6. ^ Génibrel (1898).
    7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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