平等

Chinese

		flat; level; equal flat; level; equal; to make the same score; to tie; to draw; calm; peaceful	class; rank; grade class; rank; grade; equal to; same as; wait for; await; et cetera; and so on
trad. (平等)		平	等
simp. ^#(平等)		平	等

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): píngděng

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄥˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ping⁴ dang²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): pen³ ang²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phìn-tén / phiàng-tén

(Hailu, HRS): pin den^ˊ / piang den^ˊ
Eastern Min (BUC): bìng-dēng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pêng-téng / pêng-tńg

(Teochew, Peng'im): pêng⁵ dêng²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶bin-ten

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: píngděng
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: píngděng
  - Wade–Giles: pʻing²-têng³
  - Yale: píng-děng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyngdeeng
  - Palladius: пиндэн (pindɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiŋ³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ping⁴ dang²
  - Yale: pìhng dáng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ping⁴ dang²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ping⁴ deng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɪŋ²¹ tɐŋ³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: pen³ ang²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰen²² aŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phìn-tén / phiàng-tén
  - Hakka Romanization System: pin^ˇ den^ˋ / piang^ˇ den^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pin² den³ / piang² den³
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰin¹¹ ten³¹/, /pʰi̯aŋ¹¹ ten³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: pin den^ˊ / piang den^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰin⁵⁵ ten²⁴/, /pʰiaŋ⁵⁵ ten²⁴/

Note:

phìn-tén/pin denˊ - literary;
phiàng-tén/piang denˊ - vernacular.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bìng-dēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^(t-)nɛiŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng-téng
  - Tâi-lô: pîng-tíng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pengdeang
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêng-tńg
  - Tâi-lô: pîng-tńg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pengd'ngr
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pêng⁵ dêng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phêng téng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ teŋ⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶bin-ten
  - MiniDict: bin^去 ten
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bin-ten
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bin²² tən⁴⁴/

Adjective

平等

equal (having the same status, rights, or opportunities)
法律面前人人平等。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
Fǎlǜ miànqián rénrén píngděng. [Pinyin]
All men are equal before the law.
- 人人生而自由，在尊嚴和權利上一律平等。 [MSC, trad.]
  人人生而自由，在尊严和权利上一律平等。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”
  Rénrén shēng ér zìyóu, zài zūnyán hé quánlì shàng yīlǜ píngděng. [Pinyin]
  All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

Synonyms

(attributive) 同等 (tóngděng)

Noun

平等

equality
性別平等／性别平等 ― xìngbié píngděng ― gender equality

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (平等):

→ Japanese: 平等(びょうどう) (byōdō)
→ Korean: 평등(平等) (pyeongdeung)
→ Vietnamese: bình đẳng (平等)

Others:

→ Bouyei: pinfdenj
→ Zhuang: bingzdaengj

References

“平等”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
“Entry #1258”, in 臺灣客語辭典 [Dictionary of Taiwan Hakka] (overall work in Chinese and Hakka), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2022.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
平	等
びょう Grade: 3	とう > どう Grade: 3
goon

Etymology

Literary Chinese 平等 (píngděng, “impartiality; unbiasedness; equality”). Originally a Buddhist term, hence the goon reading.

First cited to a text from 927.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) びょーどー [byòódóó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [bʲo̞ːdo̞ː]

Adjective

平(びょう)等(どう) • (byōdō) ^{←びやうどう (byaudou)^?}-na (adnominal 平(びょう)等(どう)な (byōdō na), adverbial 平(びょう)等(どう)に (byōdō ni))

even, equal

Inflection

Inflection of 平等
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	平等だろ	びょうどうだろ	byōdō daro
Continuative (連用形)	平等で	びょうどうで	byōdō de
Terminal (終止形)	平等だ	びょうどうだ	byōdō da
Attributive (連体形)	平等な	びょうどうな	byōdō na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	平等なら	びょうどうなら	byōdō nara
Imperative (命令形)	平等であれ	びょうどうであれ	byōdō de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	平等ではない平等じゃない	びょうどうではないびょうどうじゃない	byōdō de wa nai byōdō ja nai
Informal past	平等だった	びょうどうだった	byōdō datta
Informal negative past	平等ではなかった平等じゃなかった	びょうどうではなかったびょうどうじゃなかった	byōdō de wa nakatta byōdō ja nakatta
Formal	平等です	びょうどうです	byōdō desu
Formal negative	平等ではありません平等じゃありません	びょうどうではありませんびょうどうじゃありません	byōdō de wa arimasen byōdō ja arimasen
Formal past	平等でした	びょうどうでした	byōdō deshita
Formal negative past	平等ではありませんでした平等じゃありませんでした	びょうどうではありませんでしたびょうどうじゃありませんでした	byōdō de wa arimasen deshita byōdō ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	平等で	びょうどうで	byōdō de
Conditional	平等なら（ば）	びょうどうなら（ば）	byōdō nara (ba)
Provisional	平等だったら	びょうどうだったら	byōdō dattara
Volitional	平等だろう	びょうどうだろう	byōdō darō
Adverbial	平等に	びょうどうに	byōdō ni
Degree	平等さ	びょうどうさ	byōdōsa

Classical conjugation of "平等なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	平等なら	びやうどうなら	byaudounara
Continuative (連用形)	平等に^[1] 平等なり^[2]	びやうどうにびやうどうなり	byaudouni byaudounari
Terminal (終止形)	平等なり	びやうどうなり	byaudounari
Attributive (連体形)	平等なる	びやうどうなる	byaudounaru
Realis (已然形)	平等なれ	びやうどうなれ	byaudounare
Imperative (命令形)	平等なれ	びやうどうなれ	byaudounare
Key constructions
Negative	平等ならず	びやうどうならず	byaudounarazu
Contrasting conjunction	平等なれど	びやうどうなれど	byaudounaredo
Causal conjunction	平等なれば	びやうどうなれば	byaudounareba
Conditional conjunction	平等ならば	びやうどうならば	byaudounaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	平等なりき	びやうどうなりき	byaudounariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	平等なりけり	びやうどうなりけり	byaudounarikeri
Adverbial	平等に	びやうどうに	byaudouni

^[1]Without auxiliary verb.
^[2]With auxiliary verb.

Noun

平(びょう)等(どう) • (byōdō) ^{←びやうどう (byaudou)^?}

equality, impartiality, evenness
Antonym: 不平等

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“平等”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
平	等

Noun

平等 • (pyeongdeung) (hangeul 평등)

hanja form^? of 평등 (“equality”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
平	等

Adjective

平等

chữ Hán form of bình đẳng (“equal”)

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

平等

Chinese

Pronunciation

Adjective

Synonyms

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

References

Japanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Inflection

Noun

See also

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Adjective