自由
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Chinese[edit]
from; self; oneself from; self; oneself; since |
follow; from; it is for...to follow; from; it is for...to; reason; cause; because of; due to; by; to; to leave it (to sb) | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (自由) |
自 | 由 | |
alternative forms | 自繇 |
Etymology[edit]
Attestable from at least the Han dynasty.
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
自由
- free; unconstrained
- (attributive) freelance
Noun[edit]
自由
- freedom; liberty
- (philosophy) freedom
Antonyms[edit]
- (philosophy: freedom): 必然 (bìrán)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms from 自由
|
|
Descendants[edit]
- → Zhuang: swyouz
Japanese[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
自 | 由 |
じ Grade: 2 |
ゆう Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
Etymology[edit]
/d͡ʑiːu/ → /d͡ʑijuː/
Apparently first imported from Middle Chinese 自由 (MC d͡ziɪH jɨu) with an original meaning of roughly “arising from oneself”. Repurposed in the 1860s by Fukuzawa Yukichi as a translation of English freedom or liberty, as an extension of the original meaning: “freedom to act according to one's own thoughts, without restriction”.[1][2]
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
自由 • (jiyū) ←じいう (zīu)? -na (adnominal 自由な (jiyū na), adverbial 自由に (jiyū ni))
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of 自由
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 自由だろ | じゆうだろ | jiyū daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 自由で | じゆうで | jiyū de |
Terminal (終止形) | 自由だ | じゆうだ | jiyū da |
Attributive (連体形) | 自由な | じゆうな | jiyū na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 自由なら | じゆうなら | jiyū nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 自由であれ | じゆうであれ | jiyū de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 自由ではない 自由じゃない |
じゆうではない じゆうじゃない |
jiyū de wa nai jiyū ja nai |
Informal past | 自由だった | じゆうだった | jiyū datta |
Informal negative past | 自由ではなかった 自由じゃなかった |
じゆうではなかった じゆうじゃなかった |
jiyū de wa nakatta jiyū ja nakatta |
Formal | 自由です | じゆうです | jiyū desu |
Formal negative | 自由ではありません 自由じゃありません |
じゆうではありません じゆうじゃありません |
jiyū de wa arimasen jiyū ja arimasen |
Formal past | 自由でした | じゆうでした | jiyū deshita |
Formal negative past | 自由ではありませんでした 自由じゃありませんでした |
じゆうではありませんでした じゆうじゃありませんでした |
jiyū de wa arimasen deshita jiyū ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 自由で | じゆうで | jiyū de |
Conditional | 自由なら(ば) | じゆうなら(ば) | jiyū nara (ba) |
Provisional | 自由だったら | じゆうだったら | jiyū dattara |
Volitional | 自由だろう | じゆうだろう | jiyū darō |
Adverbial | 自由に | じゆうに | jiyū ni |
Degree | 自由さ | じゆうさ | jiyūsa |
Noun[edit]
- freedom, liberty
- 2002 July 18, “弾圧される民 [Oppressed People]”, in ユニオンの降臨 [Advent of the Union], Konami:
- いつの日か自由を手にする事ができると信じて日々の生活に耐えている。
- Itsu no hi ka jiyū o te ni suru koto ga dekiru to shinjite hibi no seikatsu ni taeteiru.
- They endure every day of their lives, but they believe that they will have their freedom one day.
- いつの日か自由を手にする事ができると信じて日々の生活に耐えている。
- 2013 July 10, Revo (lyrics and music), “紅蓮の弓矢 [Crimson Bow and Arrow]”, in 自由への進撃 [March Towards Freedom][1] (CD), performed by Linked Horizon:
- 屍踏み越えて 進む意思を 嗤う豚よ
家畜の安寧 …虚偽の繁栄 …死せる餓狼の『自由』を!- Shikabane fumikoete susumu ishi o warau buta yo
Kachiku no annei …kyogi no han'ei …shiseru garō no “jiyū” o! - You pigs who sneer at our will to step over corpses and march onwards
Enjoy the peace of livestock …false prosperity …the “freedom” of starving wolves!
- Shikabane fumikoete susumu ishi o warau buta yo
- 2016 January 22, “チャンドラの誓い [Oath of Chandra]”, in ゲートウォッチの誓い [Oath of the Gatewatch], Wizards of the Coast:
- それで人々が自由に生きられるのなら、そうね、ゲートウォッチになるわ。
- Sore de hitobito ga jiyū ni ikirareru no nara, sō ne, Gētowotchi ni naru wa.
- If it means that people can live in freedom, yeah, I’ll be one of the Gatewatch.
- それで人々が自由に生きられるのなら、そうね、ゲートウォッチになるわ。
- (rare) demand (for goods or services)
- (euphemistic) a toilet, a restroom
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ 1866: 西洋事情 (Seiyō Jijō, “Things Western”), Fukuzawa Yukichi, digital version (in Japanese), http://project.lib.keio.ac.jp/dg_kul/fukuzawa_title.php?id=3
- ^ 2004: 「明治の日本が作り出した新しい言語」 (Meiji no Nihon ga Tsukuridashita Atarashii Gengo, “The New Language Created by Meiji Japan”), Takeshi Ozeki (in Japanese), http://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/rs/bitstream/10086/8702/1/hogaku0030301790.pdf, page 11 of the PDF.
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ^ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
- 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
自 | 由 |
Noun[edit]
Kunigami[edit]
Noun[edit]
自由 (ziyū) (hiragana ぢゆー)
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
自 | 由 |
じ Grade: 2 |
ゆー Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Japanese 自由 (jiyū).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
自由 (hiragana じゆー, rōmaji jiyū, alternative reading じゆ, rōmaji jiyu)
References[edit]
- “ジユー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.
Vietnamese[edit]
Hán tự in this term | |
---|---|
自 | 由 |
Noun[edit]
自由
Zhuang[edit]
Noun[edit]
自由
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