周

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See also: 固 and 週
周 U+5468, 周
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5468
← 呧
[U+5467] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 呩 →
[U+5469]

周 U+2F83F, 周
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83F
← 呈
[U+2F83E] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 咢 →
[U+2F840]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes

Alternative forms[edit]

  • In certain typefaces and/or at small font sizes, the edges of the 土 component touch the enclosing 冂 component, producing a resemblance to the radical 用.

Han character[edit]

周 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月土口 (BGR), four-corner 77220, composition ⿵⺆𠮷(GTJV) or ⿵⺆⿻一古 or ⿵⺆⿱𰀁口(HK))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 181, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3441
  • Dae Jaweon: page 400, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 606, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5468

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 周
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (周) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
裯 *tuːw, *dɯw, *do
啁 *tuːw, *rtɯːw, *tɯw
禂 *tuːwʔ
綢 *tʰuːw, *dɯw
翢 *tʰuːw, *duːw
錭 *duːw
雕 *tɯːw
凋 *tɯːw
琱 *tɯːw
鯛 *tɯːw
鵰 *tɯːw
彫 *tɯːw
奝 *tɯːw
調 *dɯːw, *dɯːws, *tɯw
蜩 *dɯːw
惆 *tʰɯw
婤 *tʰɯw, *tjɯw
稠 *dɯw
椆 *dɯw, *tjɯws
周 *tjɯw
輖 *tjɯw
賙 *tjɯw
郮 *tjɯw
晭 *tjɯwʔ
倜 *tʰɯːwɢ

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 周
simp. # 周
alternative forms 𠄗
𠕛
𠣘
淍
週／周
to encircle, to circle, to surround, everywhere, curve (in the road)
Unclear. Possibly connected with Tibetan [script needed] (gču-ba) ~ [script needed] (lču-ba, “screw”), [script needed] (gčud-ba) ~ [script needed] (lčub-ba, “turn, twist, plait, braid”), or Thai ดิ้ว (dîu, “club, stick; strips of rattan or bamboo bent in a circle to which ribs of a cage are fastened”) or Khmer ជួត (cuət, “to wind; to wrap around; to wear a turban”) (Schuessler, 2007)
to help
Unclear. Maybe same word as 周 (zhōu, “to surround”) as words for "help, aid" often derive from the notion "next to, or around, a person" (for analogies, 佐 (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist < to be on one's left-side”) from 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, “left”) and 佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist < to be on one's right-side”) from 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ)) (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, note Khmer ជួយ (cuəy, “to help, assist; to support; to rescue, save”) (ibid.). Even so, also note Thai ช่วย (chûai), which in turn is from Middle Chinese 助 (MC dzrjoH)); if Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) and Thai ช่วย (chûai) were related, then Khmer ជួយ (cuəy) cannot be related to Old Chinese 周 (OC *tjɯw).
dynasty's name
Attested in the Huayuanzhang East Oracle Bone Inscription HYZ 327.1 (transliterated and translated by Schwartz, 2019[1])
周入亖 [Pre-Classical Chinese]  ―  Zhōu rù sì [Pinyin]  ―  Zhou contributes four
A 周方白 (Zhōufāng bó, “Elder of Zhou region”), likely King Wen of Zhou, was mentioned in Oracle Bone Inscriptions H11:82 and H11:84 (Lin, 1995)[2]
Hargett (2021)[3] states that 商 (Shāng) and 周 (Zhōu) derived from names of "places that the rulers and people of those eras regarded as their homeland or cultic centers"; the 周方 (Zhōufāng, “Zhou region”) was among "areas or regions along the frontier borders of Shang, traditionally regarded as enemy territory".

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 周
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂou⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂou⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂou²¹/
/t͡sou²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂou²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃou²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂou²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂou²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂɯ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂəu⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂou³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂɤu⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡səu⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡səu⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡səu⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂəu⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂəɯ³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂɯ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡səu¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂəu¹³/
Hohhot /t͡səu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sɤ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sei³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕɤu³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiu³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂəu³³/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂəɯ³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɨu⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡su⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃu²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɐu⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sɐu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sɐu⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡siu⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sieu⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡siu⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡siu³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡siu²³/
Rime
Character 周
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 職流切
Baxter tsyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cuw/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiu/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhōu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 周 周
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhōu zhōu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyuw › ‹ tsyuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tiw/ /*tiw/
English Zhōu (dynasty and place) cycle; all around

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 周
Reading # 1/1
No. 17531
Phonetic
component 		周
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		周
Old
Chinese 		/*tjɯw/
Notes 甲金文象田間稼密，
爲稠初文

Definitions[edit]

周

  1. to circle; to encircle
  2. circle; circumference
    四周  ―  sìzhōu  ―  surroundings
    圓周／圆周  ―  yuánzhōu  ―  circumference
  3. whole
    周身  ―  zhōushēn  ―  the whole body
    眾所周知／众所周知  ―  zhòngsuǒzhōuzhī  ―  as everyone knows
  4. to extend everywhere
  5. thorough; complete; comprehensive
    周密  ―  zhōumì  ―  thorough
    周詳／周详  ―  zhōuxiáng  ―  comprehensive
  6. (obsolete) side; periphery
  7. (obsolete) to suit
  8. to help (e.g. financially); to relieve
    alt. forms: 賙／赒 (zhōu)
  9. (Cantonese, chiefly in the passive) to reprimand with authority; to catch
    佢上堂偷玩電話畀老師周到。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢上堂偷玩电话畀老师周到。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 soeng5 tong4 tau1 waan2 din6 waa6-2 bei2 lou5 si1 zau1 dou3-2. [Jyutping]
    He was playing on his phone during class and got caught by the teacher.
  10. Classifier for circuits.; circuit; revolution
    繞場兩周／绕场两周  ―  rào chǎng liǎng zhōu  ―  to make two circuits around the arena
    地球環繞太陽一周需要約365天。 [MSC, trad.]
    地球环绕太阳一周需要约365天。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dìqiú huánrào tàiyáng yī zhōu xūyào yuē 365 tiān. [Pinyin]
    It takes around 365 days for Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun.
  11. (historical) name of various dynasties
    1. (～朝) Zhou Dynasty (1046—256 BCE)
    2. Northern Zhou (557—581), one of the Northern dynasties in China
    3. Wu Zhou (690–705), established by Wu Zetian
    4. Later Zhou (951–960), one of the Five Dynasties in China
  12. a surname
    周恩來／周恩来  ―  Zhōu Ēnlái  ―  Zhou Enlai / Chou En-Lai (the first Premier of the People's Republic of China)
Descendants[edit]
  • → English: Zhou, Chou, Chow, Chau, Chew, Chiu
See also[edit]
Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name Time period Divisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代) 		2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代) 		1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代) 		1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周／东周		 Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國／战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代) 		221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢／汉 (～朝, ～代) 		206 BCE – 220 C.E. Western Han
西漢／西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國／三国 		220 – 280 C.E. Wei
魏
Shu Han
蜀漢／蜀汉
Wu
吳／吴
Jin
晉／晋 (～朝, ～代) 		265 – 420 C.E. Western Jin
西晉／西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝 		420 – 589 C.E. Northern dynasties
北朝		 Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏／东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊／北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		 Liu Song
劉宋／刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊／南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代) 		581 – 618 C.E.
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代) 		618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國／五代十国 		907 – 960 C.E.
Liao
遼／辽 (～朝, ～代) 		907 – 1125 C.E.
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代) 		960 – 1279 C.E. Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏 		1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代) 		1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao
西遼／西辽 		1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代) 		1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代) 		1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代) 		1636 – 1912 C.E.

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Schwartz, A. (2019) The Oracle Bone Inscriptions from Huayuanzhuang East: Translated with an Introduction and Commentary, Boston, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN
  2. ^ Lin, Sen-Shou. 1995. “Problems in the Studies of Zhou Oracle-Bone Scripts.” Retrospective Theses and Dissertations, 1919-2007. T, University of British Columbia. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14288/1.0098998.
  3. ^ Hargett, James (2021), “Anchors of Stability: Place-Names in Early China”, in Mair, Victor, editor, Sino-Platonic Papers, issue 312

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 周 – see 週 (“week; circumference; etc.”).
(This character, 周, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 週.)
Notes:

Usage notes[edit]

This variant form is the name of the second tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌇), as listed in the ancient text.

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 周
Kyūjitai
[1]
周
&#x2F83F;
or
周+&#xFE00;?
周󠄀
周+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
周󠄃
周+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

周

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 周)

  1. circumference
  2. circuit
  3. lap

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
周
しゅう
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 周 (MC tsyuw).

Pronunciation[edit]

Counter[edit]

周(しゅう) • (-shū) ←しう (siu)?

  1. laps or circuits

Proper noun[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

周(しゅう) • (Shū) ←しう (siu)?

  1. Zhou

Proper noun[edit]

周(まこと) • (Makoto) 

  1. a male given name

Proper noun[edit]

周(あまね) • (Amane) 

  1. a male given name
    西(にし)周(あまね)
    Nishi Amane
    Nishi Amane (Meiji period philosopher)

References[edit]

  1. ^ “周”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
  2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

周 (eumhun 두루 주 (duru ju))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

周: Hán Việt readings: chu[1][2], châu[3]
周: Nôm readings: chu[1][4][5], châu[1][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of Chu (“a surname.”).
  2. chữ Hán form of Châu (“a surname.”).

Usage notes[edit]

Chu is the original Hán-Việt reading of this character and related ones according to Thiều Chửu. However, naming taboos for Nguyễn Phúc Chu (阮福淍) led to the reading Châu being used instead for this character, especially in the south of Vietnam, based on a tradition of u/âu sound swaps. Currently, both readings are in use. [6]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  3. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  4. ^ Nguyễn (2014).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Trần (2004).
  6. ^ Thiếu Khanh (2019-07-07), “Những từ “kỵ húy” của người Nam bộ”, in Nhạc Xưa Thời Báo‎[2]
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