地球

Chinese

		earth; ground; field earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly	ball; sphere
trad. (地球)		地	球
simp. ^#(地球)		地	球

Wikipedia has articles on:

地球 (Chinese)
地球 (Wu)
地球 (Cantonese)
地球 (Gan)
Thi-khiù (Hakka)

Etymology

Coined by Matteo Ricci (Huang, 2003), analogous to 天球 (tiānqiú, “celestial sphere”).

Possibly attested in the map 山海輿地全圖 [c. 1600] by Matteo Ricci, which was lost but reproduced in 月令廣義 [1602]. The term is certainly attested no later than 1602, in Kunyu Wanguo Quantu.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Dìqiú

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dei⁶ kau⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Thi-khiù

(Hailu, HRS): ti^˖ kiu
Jin (Wiktionary): di³ qiou¹
Eastern Min (BUC): Dê-giù
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): de⁵ giu²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Tē-kiû / Tōe-kiû

(Teochew, Peng'im): di⁷ giu⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶di-jieu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): di⁵ qiou²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Dìqiú
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Dìcióu
  - Wade–Giles: Ti⁴-chʻiu²
  - Yale: Dì-chyóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dihchyou
  - Palladius: Дицю (Dicju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Dìqiúr
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dìcióur
  - Wade–Giles: ti⁴-chʻiu²-ʼrh
  - Yale: dì-chyóur
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dihchyoul
  - Palladius: дицюр (dicjur)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dei⁶ kau⁴
  - Yale: deih kàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dei⁶ kau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: déi⁶ keo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tei̯²² kʰɐu̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Thi-khiù
  - Hakka Romanization System: ti kiu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ti⁴ kiu²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi⁵⁵ kʰi̯u¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ti^˖ kiu
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi³³ kʰiu⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: di³ qiou¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ti⁴⁵ t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Dê-giù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(k-)ieu⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: de⁵ giu²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Dā̤-giú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /te¹¹ kiu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: de⁵ giu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /te²¹ kiu²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tē-kiû
  - Tâi-lô: Tē-kiû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dexkiuu
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /te³³⁻²¹ kiu²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /te²²⁻²¹ kiu²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁴¹⁻²² kiu²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Penang): /te²¹ kiu²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /te²²⁻²¹ kiu¹³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tōe-kiû
  - Tâi-lô: Tuē-kiû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doexkiuu
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tue³³⁻¹¹ kiu²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: di⁷ giu⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tī kiû
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti¹¹ kiu⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶di-jieu
  - MiniDict: di^去 jieu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³di-jjieu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /di²² d͡ʑiɤ⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: di⁵ qiou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯¹³/

Proper noun

地球

(astronomy) the Earth
地球自轉／地球自转 ― dìqiú zìzhuàn ― the Earth rotates; Earth's rotation

地球繞太陽公轉。 [MSC, trad.]
地球绕太阳公转。 [MSC, simp.]
Dìqiú rào tàiyáng gōngzhuàn. [Pinyin]
The earth revolves around the sun.

Coordinate terms

planets of the Solar System: 太陽系的行星 ~ 太阳系的行星: 水星 (Shuǐxīng) · 金星 (Jīnxīng) · 地球 (Dìqiú) · 火星 (Huǒxīng) · 木星 (Mùxīng) · 土星 (Tǔxīng) · 天王星 (Tiānwángxīng) · 海王星 (Hǎiwángxīng)^[edit]

Derived terms

地球人 (dìqiúrén)
地球儀 / 地球仪 (dìqiúyí)
地球內 / 地球内 (dìqiúnèi)
地球化學 / 地球化学 (dìqiú huàxué)
地球外 (dìqiúwài)
地球日 (Dìqiúrì)
地球村 (dìqiúcūn)
地球物理 (dìqiú wùlǐ)
地球物理學 / 地球物理学 (dìqiú wùlǐxué)
地球科學 / 地球科学 (dìqiú kēxué)
地球科學家 / 地球科学家 (dìqiú kēxuéjiā)
火星撞地球 (Huǒxīng zhuàng Dìqiú)

Related terms

日球 (Rìqiú)
月球 (Yuèqiú)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (地球):

→ Japanese: 地(ち)球(きゅう) (Chikyū)
→ Korean: 지구(地球) (Jigu)
→ Vietnamese: Địa Cầu (地球)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: Trái Đất (calque)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
地	球
ち Grade: 2	きゅう Grade: 3
kan'on

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

地球

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Earth

Wikipedia

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 地球 (Dìqiú), coined by Matteo Ricci.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t͡ɕi̥kʲɨː]
(Tokyo) ちきゅう [chìkyúú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]

Proper noun

地(ち)球(きゅう) • (Chikyū) ^{←ちきう (Tikiu)^?}

(astronomy, mythology) Earth; Terra
地(ち)球(きゅう)は24(にじゅうよ)時(じ)間(かん)で１(いっ)回(かい)自(じ)転(てん)します。
Chikyū wa nijūyo-jikan de ikkai jiten shimasu.
The Earth rotates once every 24 hours.

地(ち)球(きゅう)は太(たい)陽(よう)系(けい)の第(だい)３(さん)惑(わく)星(せい)です。
Chikyū wa taiyōkei no dai-san wakusei desu.
The Earth is the third planet of the Solar System.

それでも地(ち)球(きゅう)は動(うご)く。
sore de mo Chikyū wa ugoku.
And yet the Earth moves.
- 1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “世(せ)界(かい)名(めい)作(さく)童(どう)話(わ)第(だい)３(さん)巻(かん) うらしま太(た)郎(ろう) [World’s Renowned Fairy Tales Book 3: Urashima Tarō]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 117:
  
  地(ち)球(きゅう)は、サルのわく星(せい)になっていましたとさ。
  Chikyū wa, saru no wakusei ni natteimashita to sa.
  Meanwhile, Earth became the planet of the apes.
- 1999 October 17, “異(い)次(じ)元(げん)からの侵(しん)略(りゃく)者(しゃ) [Invader from a Different Dimension]”, in Booster 5, Konami:
  
  銀(ぎん)河(が)系(けい)の外(そと)から地(ち)球(きゅう)にやってきた宇(う)宙(ちゅう)人(じん)。
  Gingakei no soto kara Chikyū ni yattekita uchūjin.
  An alien that came to Earth from outside the Milky Way.

Derived terms

地(ち)球(きゅう)温(おん)暖(だん)化(か) (chikyū ondanka): global warming
地(ち)球(きゅう)化(か)学(がく) (chikyū kagaku):　geochemistry
地(ち)球(きゅう)昭(しょう) (chikyū shō): earthshine, illuminating the dark part of the Moon
地(ち)球(きゅう)外(がい) (chikyūgai): extraterrestrial
地(ち)球(きゅう)外(がい)生(せい)物(ぶつ) (chikyūgai seibutsu): extraterrestrial life
地(ち)球(きゅう)外(がい)放(ほう)射(しゃ)線(せん) (chikyūgai hōshasen): extraterrestrial radiation
地(ち)球(きゅう)環(かん)境(きょう)モニタリングシステム (Chikyū Kankyō Monitaringu Shisutemu): Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS)
地(ち)球(きゅう)観(かん)測(そく)衛(えい)星(せい) (chikyū kansoku eisei): Earth survey satellite
地(ち)球(きゅう)儀(ぎ) (chikyūgi): terrestrial globe
地(ち)球(きゅう)型(がた)惑(わく)星(せい) (chikyūgata wakusei): terrestrial planet, an Earth-like planet
地(ち)球(きゅう)磁(じ)気(き) (chikyū jiki): geomagnetism, terrestrial magnetism
地(ち)球(きゅう)周(しゅう)回(かい)衛(えい)星(せい) (chikyū shūkai eisei): satellite orbiting the Earth, an Earth orbiter
地(ち)球(きゅう)周(しゅう)回(かい)軌(き)道(どう) (chikyū shūkai kidō): Earth orbit, an orbit around the Earth
地(ち)球(きゅう)楕(だ)円(えん)体(たい) (chikyū daentai): Earth ellipsoid
地(ち)球(きゅう)潮(ちょう)汐(せき) (chikyū chōseki): Earth tide, a terrestrial tide
地(ち)球(きゅう)物(ぶつ)理(り)学(がく) (chikyū butsurigaku): geophysics

Related terms

planets of the Solar System: 太(たい)陽(よう)系(けい)の惑(わく)星(せい) (Taiyōkei no wakusei): 水(すい)星(せい) (Suisei) · 金(きん)星(せい) (Kinsei) · 地(ち)球(きゅう) (Chikyū) · 火(か)星(せい) (Kasei) · 木(もく)星(せい) (Mokusei) · 土(ど)星(せい) (Dosei) · 天(てん)王(のう)星(せい) (Tennōsei) · 海(かい)王(おう)星(せい) (Kaiōsei)^[edit]
ガイア (Gaia): Gaia or Gaea, the Greek goddess of the Earth

References

^ 2003, Huang Heqing (黃河清 / 黄河清), 利玛窦对汉语的贡献 (in Chinese)
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“地球”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
地	球

Proper noun

地球 • (jigu) (hangeul 지구)

hanja form^? of 지구 (“Earth”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
地	球

Noun

地球

chữ Hán form of địa cầu (“globe”)

Proper noun

地球

chữ Hán form of Địa Cầu (“Earth”)

[1] 2003, Huang Heqing (黃河清 / 黄河清), 利玛窦对汉语的贡献 (in Chinese)

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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