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See also:
U+7403, 球
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7403

[U+7402]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7404]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 96, +7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一土戈十水 (MGIJE), four-corner 13132, composition 𤣩)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 732, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21011
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1144, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1114, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+7403

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡu) : semantic (jade) + phonetic (OC *ɡu).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms
𤥲

"Ball", earlier some "kind of jade". Bodman (1980) relates this to Wuming Zhuang klauA2 (ball), and relates (qiú, “gem-adorned”) to Tibetan གྲུ (gru, lustre of gems). This character had a softened initial in Proto-Min.

Originally written as (since Tang dynasty). The form (since Qing dynasty) is now more common.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (30)
Final () (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter gjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡiu/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/guw/
Li
Rong
/ɡiu/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qiú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
kau4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qiú
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ](r)[u]/
English "ball"?

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 10561
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
𧚍
Old
Chinese
/*ɡu/

Definitions

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  1. fine jade
  2. percussion instrument made of jade
  3. ball; globe; orb
      ―  qiú  ―  balloon
      ―  xuěqiú  ―  snowball
  4. (mathematics) ball; solid sphere
  5. earth
      ―  quánqiú  ―  whole world
  6. ball (in sports)
      ―  qiú  ―  to serve
      ―  yī ge lánqiú  ―  a basketball
  7. ball game
      ―  qiú  ―  fan of a ball sport
      ―  yī chǎng qiú  ―  a ball game
  8. (Teochew, Xiang) Classifier for spherical objects, such as balls of string
    毛線毛线  ―  qiú máoxiàn  ―  a ball of knitting wool
  9. (botany) Short for 仙人球 (xiānrénqiú, “ball-shaped cactus”).
  10. Short for 球根 (qiúgēn, “bulb, corm, tuber”).
  11. (slang) testicle
  12. (dialectal Mandarin, Jin, vulgar) Expletive. Often used in the form of ……個球(…… my ass). Underlying meaning may be "testes".
  13. (Cantonese, colloquial) million dollars
  14. (medicine, attributive) bulbar
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (きゅう) (kyū)
  • Korean: 구(球) (gu)
  • Vietnamese: cầu ()

Others

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“beautiful jade; tinkle of jade objects”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: (gu)
  • Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)きう (kiu, historical)
  • Kun: たま (tama, , Jōyō)
  • Nanori: (ku)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
きゅう
Grade: 3
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (gjuw, ball, sphere, orb).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(きゅう) (kyūきう (kiu)?

  1. sphere, globe, orb
  2. (baseball) pitch
  3. (slang, electronics) vacuum tube, valve
    ()(きゅう)スーパーラジオ
    gokyū sūpā rajio
    five-tube superheterodyne receiver

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
たま
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(たま) (tama

  1. ball
  2. bulb (as in a light bulb)
  3. (slang, electronics) vacuum tube, valve
    (たま)アンプ
    tama no anpu
    tube amplifier
  4. (baseball) pitch
    いい(たま)
    ii tama
    good pitch

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (gong gu))

  1. hanja form? of (ball)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: cầu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.