鳩
See also: 鸠
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]鳩 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+2, 13 strokes, Cangjie input 大弓竹日火 (KNHAF), four-corner 47027, composition ⿰九鳥)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1481, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46648
- Dae Jaweon: page 2013, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4613, character 13
- Unihan data for U+9CE9
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 鳩 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 鸠 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 鳩 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ku): phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(r)əw (“dove, pigeon”) (Benedict, 1974; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Compare Tibetan འང་གུ ('ang gu, “pigeon”), Proto-Loloish *m-krəw², Burmese ချိုး (hkyui:), Proto-Kuki-Chin *khruu.
In some southern Chinese dialects, 鳩 / 鸠 is pronounced with aspirated initial /kʰ/ due to taboo considerations.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiu1
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jiou1
- Northern Min (KCR): kiú
- Eastern Min (BUC): kiŭ
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): giu1 / kiu1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiū
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiou
- Wade–Giles: chiu1
- Yale: jyōu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiou
- Palladius: цзю (czju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jiu1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kau1 / gau1
- Yale: kāu / gāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: kau1 / gau1
- Guangdong Romanization: keo1 / geo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/, /kɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- kau1 - common for non-vulgar senses;
- gau1 - common for vulgar senses.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: geu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /keu³³/
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiêu
- Hakka Romanization System: gieuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gieu1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: gieuˋ
- Sinological IPA: /kieu⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Changting)
- Changting Pinyin: geu1
- Sinological IPA: /kəɯ³³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jiou1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəu¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kiú
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiu⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kiŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰieu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: giu1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: giu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: giu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiu⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kiu1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kiu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kiu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiu⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiu
- Tâi-lô: kiu
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiw
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiu⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiu
- Tâi-lô: khiu
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiw
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kiu1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiu³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Songjiang, Chongming, Chuansha, Suzhou, Yixing, Jingjiang, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Deqing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Wugniu: 1cieu
- MiniDict: cieu平
- MiniDict: ciu平
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1jieu
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɤ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ciɯ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕiɵ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /t͡ɕiɤ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕʏ⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Yixing): /t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Jingjiang): /t͡ɕiʏ⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /t͡ɕiəɯ⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Haining): /t͡ɕiɤɯ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /t͡ɕiɤ⁵¹/
- Sinological IPA (Deqing): /t͡ɕiʏ⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕiø³³⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕiɤ⁵²/
- Sinological IPA (Cixi): /t͡ɕiɤ³²⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕiʏ⁵²/
- Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡ɕiu⁵³/
- (Northern: Xiaoshan)
- (Northern: Changzhou, Fuyang)
- (Northern: Jiading)
- (Northern: Fuyang)
- (Jinhua)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Songjiang, Chongming, Chuansha, Suzhou, Yixing, Jingjiang, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Deqing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
Note:
- Fuyang:
- 1ciou - literary;
- 1kiou - vernacular, used in 斑鳩.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: jy1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy³³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: kjuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k](r)u/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ku/
Definitions
[edit]鳩
- pigeon; dove (family Columbidae)
- 維鵲有巢，維鳩居之。之子于歸，百兩御之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Wéi què yǒu cháo, wéi jiū jū zhī. Zhīzǐ yú guī, bǎi liàng yù zhī. [Pinyin]
- The nest is the magpie's; the dove dwells in it. This young lady is going to her future home; a hundred carriages are meeting her.
维鹊有巢，维鸠居之。之子于归，百两御之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to gather; to assemble
- (Cantonese, Pingnan Min, vulgar) penis (sometimes especially erect) (Classifier: 轆／辘 c; 條／条 c)
- (Cantonese, vulgar) fucking (intensifier)
- (Cantonese, vulgar) Negates the meaning of the sentence.
- (Cantonese, vulgar) stupid; dumb
- (Cantonese, vulgar) recklessly
- (Cantonese, vulgar) unseriously
- (Cantonese, vulgar) without aim or plan
- (Cantonese, vulgar) thoughtlessly
- (Cantonese, vulgar) unreasonably; lacking in reason
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 尸鳩之仁 (shījiū zhī rén)
- 尸鳩之平 (shījiū zhī píng)
- 山鳩 / 山鸠
- 戇鳩 / 戆鸠
- 戇鳩鳩 / 戆鸠鸠
- 斑頸鳩 / 斑颈鸠
- 斑鳩 / 斑鸠 (bānjiū, “turtledove”)
- 斑鳩跌彈 / 斑鸠跌弹
- 森鳩 / 森鸠
- 班鳩跌彈 / 班鸠跌弹
- 皇鳩 / 皇鸠 (huángjiū)
- 關……鳩事 / 关……鸠事
- 雎鳩 / 雎鸠 (jūjiū)
- 雉鳩 / 雉鸠 (zhìjiū)
- 鳩佔鵲巢 / 鸠占鹊巢 (jiūzhànquècháo)
- 鳩僭鵲巢 / 鸠僭鹊巢 (jiūjiànquècháo)
- 鳩占鵲巢 / 鸠占鹊巢 (jiūzhànquècháo)
- 鳩合 / 鸠合 (jiūhé)
- 鳩嗚 / 鸠呜
- 鳩噏 / 鸠噏
- 鳩奪鵲巢 / 鸠夺鹊巢 (jiūduóquècháo)
- 鳩居 / 鸠居
- 鳩居鵲巢 / 鸠居鹊巢 (jiūjūquècháo)
- 鳩屎 / 鸠屎
- 鳩工 / 鸠工
- 鳩工庀材 / 鸠工庀材
- 鳩形鵠面 / 鸠形鹄面
- 鳩拙 / 鸠拙 (jiūzhuó)
- 鳩斂 / 鸠敛
- 鳩杖 / 鸠杖
- 鳩槃荼 / 鸠槃荼 (jiūpántú)
- 鳩率 / 鸠率
- 鳩集 / 鸠集 (jiūjí)
- 鳲鳩 / 鸤鸠 (shījiū)
- 鳴鳩 / 鸣鸠 (míngjiū)
- 鵠面鳩形 / 鹄面鸠形
- 鵲巢鳩占 / 鹊巢鸠占 (quècháojiūzhàn)
- 鵲笑鳩舞 / 鹊笑鸠舞
- 鶻鳩 / 鹘鸠 (gǔjiū)
- 鷽鳩笑鵬 / 鸴鸠笑鹏 (xuéjiūxiàopéng)
Coordinate terms
[edit]- (Cantonese five profanities) 屌 (diu2), 㞗 (gau1), 撚 (lan2), 𨳍 (cat6), 閪／𲈹 (hai1); 小狗懶擦鞋／小狗懒擦鞋 (siu2 gau2 laan5 caat3 haai4)
Descendants
[edit]- →? Proto-Hmongic: *ɴquᴬ (“pigeon”)
References
[edit]- “鳩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “鳩”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
- 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “鸠”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 227.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]鳩
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: く (ku)
- Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)←きう (kiu, historical)
- Kun: はと (hato, 鳩)、あつめる (atsumeru, 鳩める)
- Nanori: やす (yasu)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]
.jpg)
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鳩 |
| はと Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 鴿 |
⟨pato1⟩ → */patʷo/ → /ɸato/ → /hato/
From Old Japanese, appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] In turn, from Proto-Japonic *pato.
Possibly ultimately from はたはた (hatahata), an onomatopoeia for the sound of a dove or pigeon's wings in flight.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]
Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ハト (hato).
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 鳩車 (hatoguruma, “pigeon cart”)
- 鳩小屋 (hatogoya, “dovecote”)
- 鳩根性 (hato konjō): “pigeon-spirited” → appearing composed while harboring resentment
- はと座 (Hato-za): the Dove or Columba constellation
- 鳩酒 (hatozake): an old kind of medicine, wherein a pigeon would be tenderized and the bones broken, then the whole carcass would be covered in sake and miso and stewed, purportedly used to treat back pain and poor circulation in the extremities
- 鳩染め (hatozome): “pigeon dyeing” → dyeing, or something dyed, in the colors of the turtledove or Japanese green pigeon
- 鳩時計 (hato tokei)
- 鳩派 (hatoha): (politics) the doves (proponents of peace; as opposed to the hawks, proponents of war)
- 鳩羽色 (hatobairo, “pigeon-wing color → a dark blue-gray”)
- 鳩笛 (hatobue, “pigeon flute”)
- 鳩吹く (hatofuku, “to make a dove call”, such as by blowing a kind of whistle formed by one's cupped hands)
- 鳩麦 (hatomugi, “pigeon barley → Job's tears, tear grass”)
- 鳩胸 (hatomune)
- 烏鳩 (karasubato)
- 河原鳩 (kawarabato)
- 雉鳩 (kijibato)
- 小鳩 (kobato)
- 数珠掛鳩 (juzukakebato)
- 蓑鳩 (minobato)
- 森鳩 (moribato)
- 山鳩 (yamabato)
- 旅行鳩 (ryokōbato)
Idioms
[edit]- 鳩が豆鉄砲を食ったよう (hato ga mameteppō o kutta yō, “like a pigeon that ate a peashooter → dumbfounded, taken by surprise”)
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鳩 |
| きゅう Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on |
/kiu/ → /kʲuː/
From Middle Chinese 鳩 (MC kjuw).
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ “ハト・鳩”, in 日本辞典 (Nihon Jiten, “Japan Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2007–2017.
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “▲鳩”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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