麻雀
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Chinese
[edit](to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp (to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp; numb; to bother |
bird; lentigo; sparrow | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (麻雀) | 麻 | 雀 | |
simp. #(麻雀) | 麻 | 雀 | |
alternative forms | 蔴雀 “mahjong” 麻鵲/麻鹊 “mahjong” |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): mácho̊q
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): maa4 zoek3 / maa4 zoek3-2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): ma3 diak2
- Gan (Wiktionary): ma4 jioh
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ma1 qiau2
- Eastern Min (BUC): mà-chiók
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): bâ-chhiok / mâ-chhiok / mâ-chhiak / môa-chhiak / môa-chhiok
- (Teochew, Peng'im): mua5 ziaoh4
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˊ ㄑㄩㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mácyuè
- Wade–Giles: ma2-chʻüeh4
- Yale: má-chywè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: machiueh
- Palladius: мацюэ (macjue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mä³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: mácho̊q [Phonetic: mǎcho̊q]
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): ma2 choq5 [Phonetic: ma3 choq5]
- Sinological IPA (key): /ma²⁴⁻¹¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʔ⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: maa4 zoek3 / maa4 zoek3-2
- Yale: màh jeuk / màh jéuk
- Cantonese Pinyin: maa4 dzoek8 / maa4 dzoek8-2
- Guangdong Romanization: ma4 zêg3 / ma4 zêg3-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³/, /maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ma3 diak2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐba²² tiak̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ma4 jioh
- Sinological IPA (key): /ma³⁵ t͡ɕiɔʔ²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mà-chiok
- Hakka Romanization System: maˇ jiogˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ma2 jiog5
- Sinological IPA: /ma¹¹ t͡si̯ok̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ma ziog
- Sinological IPA: /ma⁵⁵ t͡siok⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ma1 qiau2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ma¹¹ t͡ɕʰiau⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mà-chiók
- Sinological IPA (key): /ma⁵³⁻²¹ (t͡sʰ-)ʒuɔʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan, Penang, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mâ-chhiak
- Tâi-lô: mâ-tshiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: machiag
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /mã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa-chhiak
- Tâi-lô: muâ-tshiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: moachiag
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiak̚³²/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /muã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa-chhiok
- Tâi-lô: muâ-tshiok
- Phofsit Daibuun: moachiog
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Singapore): /mua²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /muã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: mua5 ziaoh4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: muâ tsiauh
- Sinological IPA (key): /mua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siauʔ²/
- Wu
Noun
[edit]麻雀
- sparrow (any member of the Passer genus)
- tree sparrow (Passer montanus)
- (dialectal, including Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Eastern Min, Pinghua) mahjong
- (Nanjing Mandarin, euphemistic) penis
Usage notes
[edit]麻雀 was the original name of the game of mahjong, and this term is retained in many southern dialects. However, the name in modern standard Mandarin is 麻將/麻将 (májiàng).
Synonyms
[edit]- (sparrow):
Dialectal synonyms of 麻雀 (“sparrow”) [map]
- (mahjong):
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Others:
- Wutunhua: macio
- → Burmese: မာကျောက် (ma-kyauk, “mahjong”)
- → Dutch: matjok (“Surinamese variant of mahjong”)
- → Japanese: 麻雀 (mājan) (orthographic)
- → Vietnamese: mạt chược (“mahjong”)
- → Zhuang: mazcoz (“mahjong”)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
麻 | 雀 |
マー Grade: S |
ジャン Jinmeiyō |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
---|
麻将 (rare) |
Etymology
[edit]First attested around the late Meiji period.
Borrowed from Mandarin 麻將/麻将 (májiàng).[1][2]
The kanji form is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 麻雀 (máquè, literally “sparrow”), the original name for the game that is retained in some southern Chinese dialects.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) マージャン [màájáń] (Heiban – [0])[2]
- (Tokyo) マージャン [máꜜàjàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
- IPA(key): [ma̠ːʑã̠ɴ]
Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]Usually refers exclusively to the Japanese variation, also known as 立直麻雀 (rīchi mājan). See Japanese Mahjong on Wikipedia.Wikipedia .
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
麻 | 雀 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
麻 | 雀 |
Noun
[edit]麻雀
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- zh:Birds
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