麻

See also: 蔴, 菻, 厤, and 痳

麻 U+9EBB, 麻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9EBB ← 麺 [U+9EBA] CJK Unified Ideographs 麼 → [U+9EBC]

⿇ U+2FC7, ⿇ KANGXI RADICAL HEMP ← ⿆ [U+2FC6] Kangxi Radicals ⿈ → [U+2FC8]

麻 U+2FA15, 麻 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2FA15 ← 𪊑 [U+2FA14] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 䵖 → [U+2FA16]

Translingual

Stroke order

Japanese	麻
Simplified	麻
Traditional	麻

Han character

麻 (Kangxi radical 200, 麻+0, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 戈木木 (IDD) or 戈十金金 (IJCC), four-corner 0029₄, composition ⿸广林(GJV) or ⿸广𣏟(HTK))

1. Kangxi radical #200, ⿇.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/麻
• 嘛, 嫲, 䌕, 䗫, 䩋, 髍, 䲈, 塺, 㦄, 摩, 犘, 磨, 穈, 糜, 縻, 䜆, 靡, 䯢, 魔, 䳸, 蔴

Additional Derived Characters

• 𠍨, 𡻥, 𢠩, 𢳀, 𣻕, 𬍄, 𣊍, 𣙪, 𤎎, 𦟟, 𤾝, 𥊚, 𪿳, 𥢂, 𫃎, 𧫼, 𨬈, 𪐎
• 𠞥, 𩔶, 𬼳, 𠞧, 𡡉, 𡻤, 𢊶, 𤔨, 𤯌, 𥂓, 𥉵, 𭙽, 𪪤, 𦓡, 𦗕, 𢋙, 𢋚, 𨄬, 𢋤, 𩀪, 𢋲, 𢌁, 𩞁, 𢌑, 𪓹, 𫂟

See also

• 床 菻 厤 歴 暦 痲 痳

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1515, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47888
• Dae Jaweon: page 2044, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4723, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9EBB

• Unihan data for U+2FA15

Chinese

trad.		麻
simp. #		麻
alternative forms		蔴／麻 痲／痳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 麻
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (麻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
麻	*mraːl
痲	*mraːl
犘	*mraːl
縻	*mral
醿	*mral
爢	*mral
蘼	*mral, *mralʔ, *mrɯl
靡	*mralʔ
摩	*maːl, *maːls
魔	*maːl
磨	*maːl, *maːls
劘	*maːl
麽	*maːl
麼	*maːlʔ
塺	*maːls, *mɯːl
麾	*hmral

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 厂 + 𣏟: a representation of hemp leaves.

Etymology

Etymology not clear, however PKS (Proto-Kam-Sui) *Ɂŋra¹ ‘sesame’ looks remotely similar to OC.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): má (ma²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ma²

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): má

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): má

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ма (ma, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): maa⁴

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): maa⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ma³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): mà

  (Hailu, HRS): ma

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ma²

• Northern Min (KCR): muo̿i
• Eastern Min (BUC): muài / mà
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mua² / muo² / ba² / bor² / ma²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): môa / bâ / mâ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mua⁵

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): mua⁵ / ma⁵

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): maa⁴
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶mo / ²mo / ²ma
  • (Jinhua): ²moea
• Xiang

  (Changsha, Wiktionary): ma²

  (Loudi, Wiktionary): mo²

  (Hengyang, Wiktionary): ma²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: má
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: má
    • Wade–Giles: ma²
    • Yale: má
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ma
    • Palladius: ма (ma)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mä³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ma²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ma
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma²¹/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: má
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma²⁴/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: má
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): ma²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma²⁴/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ма (ma, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: maa⁴
    • Yale: màh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maa⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ma⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maː²¹/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: maa⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ma³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐba²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mà
    • Hakka Romanization System: ma^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ma²
    • Sinological IPA: /ma¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ma
    • Sinological IPA: /ma⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ma²
    • Sinological IPA: /ma¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: muo̿i
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muɛ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: muài / mà
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muai⁵³/, /ma⁵³/

Note: muài - vernacular, mà - literary.

• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Nanri, Donghai)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: mua²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: muá
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mua¹³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: mua²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mua²⁴/
  • (Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: muo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muo¹³/
  • (Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ba²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa¹³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ba²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa²⁴/
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Donghai)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: bor²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bó̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒ¹³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: bor²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒ²⁴/
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Donghai)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ma²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: má
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma¹³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ma²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma²⁴/

Note:

• mua2/muo2 - vernacular (“hemp, flax, jute, sesame”);
• ba2 - vernacular (“acerbic; itchy; apathetic”);
• bor2 - vernacular (used in 麻風);
• ma2 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa
    • Tâi-lô: muâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: moaa
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /muã²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /muã¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /muã²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bâ
    • Tâi-lô: bâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: baa
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ba²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ba¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /ba²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mâ
    • Tâi-lô: mâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: maa
    • Sinological IPA (Singapore): /ma²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /mã²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /mã²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /mã¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Penang): /ma²³/

Note: môa, bâ - vernacular, mâ - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mua⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: muâ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mua⁵⁵/
  • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: mua⁵ / ma⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /mua²²/, /ma²²/

Note:

• mua5 - vernacular;
• ma5 - literary.

• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: maa⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶mo
    • MiniDict: mo^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mo
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mo²³/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Fuyang, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ²mo
    • MiniDict: mo^平
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /mo³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /mo³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦmo²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /mo²²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /mo¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /mo³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /mo¹¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /mo²³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /mo³¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /mo²²/
  • (Northern: Songjiang, Hangzhou, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ²ma
    • MiniDict: ma^平
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /mɑ³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /mɑ²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ma²²/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ²moea
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /mɤa³¹³/

Note:

• mo - vernacular;
• ma - literary.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: ma²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma̠¹³/
  • (Loudi)
    • Wiktionary: mo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔ¹³/
  • (Hengyang)
    • Wiktionary: ma²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mä¹¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: mae

Rime
Character	麻
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	莫霞切
Baxter	mae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ma/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨ/
Li Rong	/ma/
Wang Li	/ma/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ma/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	má
Expected Cantonese Reflex	maa4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.mˤraj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mraːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	麻
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	má
Middle Chinese	‹ mæ ›
Old Chinese	/*C.mˁraj/
English	hemp
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	麻
Reading #	1/1
No.	8694
Phonetic component	麻
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	麻
Old Chinese	/*mraːl/

Definitions

麻

1. general name for hemp, flax, jute, etc.

   大麻  ―  dàmá  ―  hemp; cannabis

   黃麻／黄麻  ―  huángmá  ―  jute

   亞麻／亚麻  ―  yàmá  ―  flax

2. hemp fibre; linen

   麻布  ―  mábù  ―  sackcloth; linen

   麻繩／麻绳  ―  máshéng  ―  hemp rope

   • Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7

     其竹節度三尺，柔細可為索，亦以皮為麻。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     其竹节度三尺，柔细可为索，亦以皮为麻。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     Qí zhú jié duó sān chǐ, róuxì kě wéi suǒ, yì yǐ pí wéi má. [Pinyin]

     Each bamboo joint measures three chi; thin and supple, it may be used as a rope, and its skin may also be used as linen.

3. (historical, obsolete) hemp band worn on the head or waist by a mourner
4. mourning garment; mourning apparel

   披麻戴孝  ―  pīmádàixiào  ―  to wear the hemp garments of mourning

5. (historical) imperial edict
6. sesame

   麻油  ―  máyóu  ―  sesame oil

7. numerous; chaotic
8. coarse; rough
9. spotty; pitted

   麻雀  ―  máquè  ―  sparrow

10. (traditional Chinese medicine) short for 麻疹 (mázhěn, “measles”)
11. pockmark; pock

    麻子  ―  mázǐ  ―  pockmark; pockmarked person

    麻臉／麻脸  ―  máliǎn  ―  pockmarked face

12. numb; senseless

    麻痺／麻痹  ―  mábì  ―  paralysis

    麻藥／麻药  ―  máyào  ―  anesthetic

    我的腿都坐麻了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

    Wǒ de tuǐ dōu zuò má le. [Pinyin]

    My legs have gone numb while sitting.

13. (of foods) having the taste like one of Sichuan pepper

    麻辣  ―  málà  ―  Sichuan pepper-y and spicy

    舌頭發麻／舌头发麻  ―  shétóu fāmá  ―  to have a tingling tongue

14. (Sichuanese) tipsy

    喝麻了 [Sichuanese]  ―  has drunk oneself tipsy

15. (Xianyou Puxian Min) astringent; acerbic; tart
16. (Xianyou Puxian Min) itchy
17. (Xianyou Puxian Min) cold; aloof; apathetic
18. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 大麻 (“hemp”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		大麻, 線麻
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	麻
	Chengde	麻
	Chifeng	麻
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	大麻
	Heihe	大麻
	Qiqihar	麻
	Harbin	大麻
	Jiamusi	麻
	Baicheng	大麻, 麻
	Changchun	大麻
	Tonghua	線麻
	Shenyang	大麻, 線麻
	Jinzhou	線麻
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	麻
	Tangshan	麻
	Cangzhou	麻
	Baoding	麻
	Shijiazhuang	大麻
	Lijin	麻
	Jinan	麻
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	線麻
	Dandong	大麻, 麻
	Yantai	麻
	Qingdao	麻
	Zhucheng	麻
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	麻
	Jining	麻
	Linfen	麻
	Shangqiu	大麻, 麻
	Yuanyang	麻
	Zhengzhou	麻
	Xinyang	麻
	Baihe	麻
	Xi'an	麻
	Baoji	麻
	Tianshui	大麻
	Xining	大麻
	Xuzhou	麻
	Fuyang	麻
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	大麻, 麻
	Lanzhou	大麻, 麻
	Dunhuang	麻
	Hami	麻
	Ürümqi	麻, 大麻
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	大麻
	Nanchong	黃麻, 火麻
	Dazhou	麻
	Hanyuan	麻
	Xichang	大麻
	Zigong	麻
	Chongqing	麻
	Wuhan	大麻
	Yichang	大麻, 麻
	Xiangyang	大麻, 麻
	Tianmen	大麻, 麻
	Guiyang	麻
	Zunyi	黃麻
	Bijie	麻
	Liping	麻
	Zhaotong	大麻
	Dali	大麻
	Kunming	大麻, 麻
	Mengzi	麻
	Guilin	大麻
	Liuzhou	黃麻, 紅麻
	Jishou	麻
	Changde	麻
	Hanzhong	大麻, 麻
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	麻
	Yangzhou	大麻
	Lianyungang	大麻
	Lianshui	黃麻, 紅麻
	Nantong	麻
	Anqing	麻
	Wuhu	麻
	Hefei	大麻
	Hong'an	線麻
Huizhou	Shexian	麻
Jin	Taiyuan	大麻子
	Yangyuan	麻
	Datong	麻
	Xinzhou	麻子
	Lüliang (Lishi)	麻子
	Changzhi	麻
	Linhe	大麻, 線麻
	Jining	大麻
	Hohhot	大麻
	Erenhot	大麻
	Pingshan	麻
	Zhangjiakou	大麻
	Handan	大麻, 麻
	Linzhou	麻
	Suide	麻子
Southern Min	Xiamen	黃麻

Dialectal synonyms of 苧麻 (“ramie”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		苧麻
Taxonomic name		苧麻
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	苧麻
	Harbin	苧麻
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	麻
	Xi'an	苧麻
	Xining	苧麻
	Xuzhou	苧麻
Southwestern Mandarin	Liuzhou	青麻, 元麻
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	苧麻
	Yangzhou	剝皮麻
Cantonese	Guangzhou	白麻
	Dongguan	苧麻
	Nanning	苧麻
Gan	Lichuan	苧麻
	Pingxiang	苧麻
Hakka	Meixian	苧麻, 苧仔
	Yudu	苧麻
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	苧仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	苧仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	苧仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	苧, 苧麻
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	苧
Huizhou	Jixi	苧麻
Jin	Taiyuan	苧麻
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	苧
Southern Min	Xiamen	苧仔
	Jinjiang	苧仔
	Zhao'an	苧仔
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	苧仔
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	苧仔
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	苧仔
	Yilan (Luodong)	苧仔
	Yilan (Toucheng)	苧仔
	Tainan (Anping)	苧仔
	Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng)	苧仔
	Shantou	麻苧
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	苧麻
Wu	Shanghai	苧麻
	Danyang	大麻
	Hangzhou	苧麻
	Ningbo	苧麻
	Wenzhou	苧
	Jinhua	青麻
Xiang	Loudi	苧麻

Dialectal synonyms of 芝麻 (“sesame”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		芝麻, 胡麻
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	芝麻
	Taiwan	芝麻
	Langfang	芝麻
	Chengde	芝麻
	Chifeng	芝麻
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	芝麻
	Heihe	芝麻
	Qiqihar	芝麻
	Harbin	芝麻
	Jiamusi	芝麻
	Baicheng	芝麻
	Changchun	芝麻
	Tonghua	芝麻
	Shenyang	芝麻
	Jinzhou	芝麻
	Singapore	芝麻
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	芝麻
	Tangshan	芝麻
	Cangzhou	芝麻
	Baoding	芝麻
	Shijiazhuang	芝麻
	Lijin	芝麻
	Jinan	芝麻
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	芝麻
	Dandong	芝麻
	Yantai	芝麻
	Yantai (Muping)	芝麻
	Qingdao	芝麻
	Zhucheng	芝麻
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	芝麻
	Lingbao	芝麻
	Jining	芝麻
	Daming	芝麻
	Wanrong	芝麻
	Linfen	芝麻
	Shangqiu	芝麻
	Yuanyang	芝麻
	Zhengzhou	芝麻
	Xinyang	芝麻
	Baihe	芝麻
	Xi'an	芝麻
	Baoji	芝麻
	Tianshui	芝麻
	Xining	芝麻
	Xuzhou	芝麻
	Fuyang	芝麻
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	芝麻
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	芝麻
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	芝麻
	Lanzhou	芝麻
	Dunhuang	芝麻
	Hami	芝麻
	Ürümqi	芝麻
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	芝麻
	Nanchong	芝麻
	Dazhou	芝麻
	Hanyuan	芝麻子
	Xichang	芝麻
	Zigong	麻子
	Chongqing	芝麻
	Wuhan	芝麻, 麻子
	Yichang	芝麻
	Xiangyang	芝麻
	Tianmen	芝麻
	Guiyang	芝麻
	Zunyi	芝麻
	Bijie	芝麻
	Liping	芝麻
	Zhaotong	芝麻
	Dali	芝麻
	Kunming	芝麻
	Mengzi	芝麻
	Guilin	芝麻
	Liuzhou	芝麻, 油麻
	Jishou	芝麻, 油麻
	Changde	芝麻
	Hanzhong	芝麻
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	芝麻
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	芝麻
	Pematangsiantar	芝麻
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	芝麻
	Yangzhou	芝麻
	Lianyungang	芝麻
	Lianshui	芝麻
	Nantong	芝麻
	Anqing	芝麻
	Wuhu	芝麻
	Hefei	芝麻
	Hong'an	芝麻, 油麻
Cantonese	Guangzhou	芝麻
	Hong Kong	芝麻
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	芝麻
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	芝麻
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	芝麻
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	芝麻
	Macau	芝麻
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	芝麻
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	芝麻
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	芝麻
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	芝麻
	Foshan	芝麻
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	芝麻
	Foshan (Shunde)	芝麻
	Foshan (Sanshui)	芝麻
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	芝麻
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	芝麻
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	芝麻
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	芝麻
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	芝麻
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	芝麻
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	芝麻
	Taishan	芝麻
	Kaiping (Chikan)	芝麻
	Enping (Niujiang)	芝麻
	Heshan (Yayao)	芝麻
	Dongguan	油麻
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	油麻
	Qingyuan	芝麻
	Fogang	芝麻
	Yingde (Hanguang)	芝麻
	Yangshan	芝麻
	Lianshan (Butian)	麻子
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	麻子
	Shaoguan	芝麻
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	芝麻
	Renhua	芝麻
	Lechang	芝麻
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	芝麻
	Sihui	芝麻
	Guangning	芝麻
	Deqing	芝麻
	Huaiji	芝麻
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	麻仔
	Yunfu	油麻
	Xinxing	芝麻
	Luoding	芝麻
	Yunan (Pingtai)	芝麻
	Yangjiang	油麻
	Xinyi	芝麻
	Lianjiang	芝麻
	Nanning	芝麻
	Wuzhou	芝麻
	Yulin	芝麻
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	芝麻, 油麻
	Hepu (Shatian)	油麻
	Beihai	油麻
	Beihai (Nankang)	油麻
	Beihai (Yingpan)	油麻
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	芝麻, 油麻
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	芝麻
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	芝麻, 油麻
	Danzhou	油麻
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	芝麻
Singapore (Guangfu)	芝麻
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	芝麻
Móng Cái	芝麻, 油麻
Bangkok (Guangfu)	芝麻
Gan	Nanchang	芝麻
	Lichuan	麻仔, 芝麻
	Pingxiang	芝麻, 麻子
Hakka	Meixian	麻仔, 麻
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	油麻
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	油麻
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	油麻
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	油麻
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	芝麻
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	麻哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	麻哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	油麻哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	麻哩
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	油麻
	Jiexi	油麻
	Ninghua	麻仔
	Yudu	芝麻
	Shicheng	麻
	Shangyou (Shexi)	麻子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	麻仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	麻仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	麻仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	麻
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	麻仔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	麻子
	Hong Kong	油麻
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	芝麻
	Chengdu (Hexingchang)	麻子
	Weiyuan (Guanyingtan)	芝麻
	Yilong (Ma'an)	麻芝
	Xichang (Huanglianguan)	芝麻
	Sabah (Longchuan)	芝麻, 麻
	Senai (Huiyang)	油麻
	Singkawang	油麻
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	油麻
Huizhou	Jixi	油麻
	Shexian	芝麻
Jin	Taiyuan	芝麻
	Pingyao	芝麻
	Yangyuan	芝麻
	Datong	芝麻
	Xinzhou	芝麻
	Lüliang (Lishi)	芝麻
	Changzhi	芝麻
	Linhe	芝麻
	Jining	芝麻
	Hohhot	芝麻
	Erenhot	芝麻
	Pingshan	芝麻
	Zhangjiakou	芝麻
	Handan	芝麻
	Linzhou	芝麻
	Suide	芝麻
Jiuxing Yumin	Lanxi	芝麻
Northern Min	Jian'ou	麻仔
	Jianyang	麻仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	芝麻, 油麻
	Fuqing	油麻
Southern Min	Xiamen	麻
	Quanzhou	麻
	Jinjiang	油麻
	Zhangzhou	麻
	Dongshan	麻
	Penang (Hokkien)	麻
	Singapore (Hokkien)	麻, 油麻
	Manila (Hokkien)	麻
	Longyan	油麻
	Datian	油麻
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	油麻
	Chaozhou	油麻
	Shantou	油麻
	Shantou (Chenghai)	油麻
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	油麻
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	油麻
	Nan'ao (Yun'ao)	油麻
	Jieyang	油麻
	Lufeng	油麻
	Haifeng	油麻
	Bangkok (Teochew)	油麻
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	油麻
	Pontianak (Teochew)	油麻
	Leizhou	麻葈
	Wenchang	油麻
	Haikou	油麻
Puxian Min	Putian	蓖麻, 芝麻
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	油麻
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	油麻
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	油麻
	Xianyou	油麻
	Xianyou (Fengting)	油麻
	Xianyou (Youyang)	油麻
Central Min	Yong'an	麻, 油麻
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	麻
	Sanming (Shaxian)	麻
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	油麻
	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	油麻
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	芝麻
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	油麻
	Lingchuan (Shuangzhou)	芝麻
Wu	Shanghai	芝麻
	Shanghai (Chongming)	芝麻
	Suzhou	芝麻
	Danyang	芝麻
	Hangzhou	芝麻
	Ningbo	芝麻
	Wenzhou	芝麻
	Jinhua	油麻
Xiang	Changsha	芝麻
	Loudi	油麻籽
	Shuangfeng	油麻, 芝麻
	Quanzhou	油麻

Compounds

• 丘中有麻
• 主麻
• 亂麻 / 乱麻 (luànmá)
• 亞麻 / 亚麻 (yàmá)
• 亞麻仁油 / 亚麻仁油
• 依麻木 (Yīmámù)
• 偽麻黃鹼 / 伪麻黄碱 (wěimáhuángjiǎn)
• 八搭麻鞋
• 八答麻鞋
• 劍麻 / 剑麻 (jiànmá)
• 力軟筋麻 / 力软筋麻
• 半絲麻線 / 半丝麻线
• 叉麻雀
• 多羅麻 / 多罗麻
• 多耳麻鞋
• 大麻 (dàmá)
• 大麻中毒
• 大麻煙 / 大麻烟
• 大麻竹
• 大麻風 / 大麻风
• 太陽麻 / 太阳麻
• 天麻 (tiānmá)
• 太麻里 (Tàimálǐ)
• 宣麻
• 密密麻麻
• 小兒麻痺症 / 小儿麻痹症 (xiǎo'érmábìzhèng)
• 德國麻疹 / 德国麻疹 (Déguó mázhěn)
• 心亂如麻 / 心乱如麻 (xīnluànrúmá)
• 心緒如麻 / 心绪如麻
• 心臟麻痺 / 心脏麻痹
• 愁緒如麻 / 愁绪如麻
• 惹麻煩 / 惹麻烦 (rě máfan)
• 懸麻雨 / 悬麻雨
• 手麻腳軟 / 手麻脚软
• 打麻將 / 打麻将 (dǎ májiàng)
• 打麻雀 (dǎ máquè)
• 把麻
• 找麻煩 / 找麻烦
• 披麻帶孝 / 披麻带孝 (pīmádàixiào)
• 披麻帶索 / 披麻带索
• 拖麻拽布
• 披麻救火
• 披麻皴
• 拽布披麻
• 拽布拖麻
• 搓麻將 / 搓麻将 (cuō májiàng)
• 搗麻煩 / 捣麻烦
• 木麻黃 / 木麻黄
• 枲麻
• 桑麻
• 極頭麻化 / 极头麻化
• 檾麻 / 𰘓麻
• 殺人如麻 / 杀人如麻 (shārénrúmá)
• 水麻
• 油麻 (yóumá)
• 洋麻
• 漚麻 / 沤麻
• 火麻 (huǒmá)
• 片麻岩 (piànmáyán)
• 瓊麻 / 琼麻
• 痠麻
• 發麻 / 发麻 (fāmá)
• 白麻 (báimá)
• 皁絲麻線 / 皂丝麻线
• 秋麻
• 種麻 / 种麻
• 穿麻掛孝 / 穿麻挂孝
• 粉零麻碎
• 絲麻皁線 / 丝麻皂线
• 線麻 / 线麻 (xiànmá)
• 緦麻 / 缌麻
• 緦麻服 / 缌麻服
• 績麻拈苧 / 绩麻拈苎
• 肉麻 (ròumá)
• 肌肉麻痺 / 肌肉麻痹
• 胡麻 (húmá)
• 胡麻油 (húmáyóu)
• 脂麻
• 腦性麻痺 / 脑性麻痹
• 自找麻煩 / 自找麻烦
• 芝麻
• 芝麻官 (zhīmaguān)
• 芝麻小事 (zhīmaxiǎoshì)
• 芝麻油 (zhīmayóu)
• 芝麻灣 / 芝麻湾 (Zhīmawān)
• 芝麻秸
• 芝麻糊 (zhīmahù)
• 芝麻綠豆 / 芝麻绿豆 (zhīma lǜdòu)
• 芝麻醬 / 芝麻酱 (zhīmajiàng)
• 苴麻
• 苧麻 (zhùmá)
• 萆麻
• 蓖麻 (bìmá)
• 蓖麻油 (bìmáyóu)
• 蓖麻蠶 / 蓖麻蚕
• 蕁麻 / 荨麻 (qiánmá)
• 蕉麻
• 蕁麻疹 / 荨麻疹 (xúnmázhěn)
• 蛇麻
• 酥麻
• 酸麻
• 野芝麻
• 針灸麻醉 / 针灸麻醉
• 雞犬桑麻 / 鸡犬桑麻
• 電針麻醉 / 电针麻醉
• 震顫麻痺 / 震颤麻痹
• 頂真續麻 / 顶真续麻
• 馬尼拉麻 / 马尼拉麻
• 骨軟筋麻 / 骨软筋麻
• 麻亂 / 麻乱
• 麻了花兒 / 麻了花儿
• 麻仁
• 麻俐 (málì)
• 麻做一團 / 麻做一团
• 麻六甲
• 麻刀 (mádāo)
• 麻利 (málì)
• 麻利脆
• 麻包 (mábāo)
• 麻嘴
• 麻團 / 麻团
• 麻城 (Máchéng)
• 麻姑 (Mágū)
• 麻姑山
• 麻姑搔癢 / 麻姑搔痒
• 麻姑獻壽 / 麻姑献寿
• 麻婚
• 麻婆豆腐 (mápó dòufu)
• 麻子 (mázi)
• 麻家渡 (Májiādù)
• 麻將 / 麻将 (májiàng)
• 麻將搭子 / 麻将搭子
• 麻將牌 / 麻将牌 (májiàngpái)
• 麻屣鶉衣 / 麻屣鹑衣
• 麻屨 / 麻屦
• 麻布 (mábù)
• 麻布袋 (mábùdài)
• 麻扎塔格 (Mázhātǎgé)
• 麻搭
• 麻搗 / 麻捣
• 麻木 (mámù)
• 麻木不仁 (mámùbùrén)
• 麻札
• 麻柳 (Máliǔ)
• 麻枯
• 麻核桃
• 麻森 (másēn)
• 麻槌
• 麻沙本
• 麻沸
• 麻油 (máyóu)
• 麻河 (Máhé)
• 麻沸散
• 麻油雞 / 麻油鸡
• 麻流點 / 麻流点
• 麻渣
• 麻溜
• 麻炬
• 麻煩 / 麻烦 (máfan)
• 麻爪
• 麻犯
• 麻疹 (mázhěn)
• 麻痺 / 麻痹 (mábì)
• 麻痺不仁 / 麻痹不仁
• 麻痺大意 / 麻痹大意 (mábìdàyì)
• 麻瘋 / 麻疯 (máfēng)
• 麻秸
• 麻竹 (mázhú)
• 麻竹筍 / 麻竹笋
• 麻米 (Mámǐ)
• 麻糊 (máhú)
• 麻糖 (mátáng)
• 麻糬 (máshǔ)
• 麻紗 / 麻纱
• 麻紡 / 麻纺
• 麻紙 / 麻纸
• 麻經兒 / 麻经儿
• 麻線 / 麻线
• 麻線道 / 麻线道
• 麻織品 / 麻织品
• 麻繩 / 麻绳 (máshéng)
• 麻胡
• 麻胡著臉 / 麻胡著脸
• 麻臉 / 麻脸 (máliǎn)
• 麻花 (máhuā)
• 麻苧
• 麻菜珩 (Mácàihéng)
• 麻著膽子 / 麻著胆子
• 麻葉皮 / 麻叶皮
• 麻薩諸塞 / 麻萨诸塞 (Másàzhūsài)
• 麻藥 / 麻药 (máyào)
• 麻蚍叮腿
• 麻蠅 / 麻蝇
• 麻衣 (máyī)
• 麻衣仙翁
• 麻衣債 / 麻衣债
• 麻衣相法
• 麻袋 (mádài)
• 麻豆
• 麻豪口 (Máháokǒu)
• 麻辣 (málà)
• 麻辣火鍋 / 麻辣火锅
• 麻辣辣
• 麻酥酥
• 麻醉 (mázuì)
• 麻醉劑 / 麻醉剂 (mázuìjì)
• 麻醉藥品 / 麻醉药品
• 麻醬 / 麻酱 (májiàng)
• 麻雀 (máquè)
• 麻雀席
• 麻雀牌 (máquèpái)
• 麻雷子 (máléizi)
• 麻鞋
• 麻風 / 麻风 (máfēng)
• 麻餅 / 麻饼
• 麻骨
• 麻鴨 / 麻鸭 (máyā)
• 麻鷺 / 麻鹭
• 麻麻亮
• 麻麻呼呼
• 麻麻糊糊
• 麻麻黑
• 麻黃 / 麻黄 (máhuáng)
• 麻黃素 / 麻黄素 (máhuángsù)
• 麻點 / 麻点
• 黃麻 / 黄麻 (huángmá)
• 黑冠麻鷺 / 黑冠麻鹭 (hēiguān málù)

Japanese

Shinjitai	麻
Kyūjitai	麻󠄁 麻+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	麻󠄃 麻+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

麻

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: め (me)
• Kan-on: ば (ba)
• Tō-on: ま (ma, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ま (ma, Jōyō)
• Kun: あさ (asa, 麻, Jōyō)、お (o, 麻)^{←を (wo, 麻, historical)}、そ (so, 麻)
• Nanori: あ (a)、あさ (asa)、あざ (aza)、お (o)、ぬさ (nusa)

Compounds

• 麻黄(まお) (mao)
• 麻雀(マージャン) (mājan): mahjong
• 麻疹(ましん) (mashin), 麻疹(はしか) (hashika): measles
• 麻酔(ますい) (masui): anesthesia
• 麻竹(マチク) (machiku)
• 麻痺(まひ) (mahi): paralysis
• 麻薬(まやく) (mayaku): drug
• 莔麻(イチビ) (ichibi)
• 胡麻(ゴマ) (goma): sesame
• 升麻(しょうま) (shōma)
• 天麻(てんま) (tenma)
• 鈍麻(どんま) (donma)
• 蓖麻(ひま) (hima)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
麻
あさ Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Likely cognate with Korean 삼 (sam, “hemp”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あさ [àsáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [a̠sa̠]

Noun

麻(あさ) • (asa) 

1. hemp, Cannabis sativa
   • c. 800: Shibunritsu Ongi (page 47)

     麻衣 阿佐衣

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. flax
3. linen

Derived terms

• 麻糸(あさいと) (asaito, “hemp yarn, hemp thread”)
• 麻織(あさおり) (asaori)
• 麻殻(アサガラ) (asagara)
• 麻冠(あさかんむり) (asakanmuri)
• 麻簀(あさす) (asasu)
• 麻縄(あさなわ) (asanawa, “hempen rope”)
• 麻(あさ)の葉(は) (asa no wa)
• 麻(あさ)の実(み) (asa no mi)
• 麻布(あさぬの) (asanuno)
• 鬼麻(おにあさ) (oniasa)
• 絹麻(きぬあさ) (kinuasa)
• 桐麻(きりあさ) (kiriasa)
• 桜麻(さくらあさ) (sakura-asa)

Proper noun

麻(あさ) • (Asa) 

1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
麻
お Grade: S
kun'yomi

/wo/ → /o/

From Old Japanese 麻 (wo).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) お [óꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [o̞]

Noun

麻(お) • (o) ^{←を (wo)?}

1. the hemp or ramie plant
2. thread or yarn made from fibers derived from the bark of hemp or ramie stems

Derived terms

• 麻桛(おがぜ) (ogaze)
• 麻沓(おぐつ) (ogutsu)
• 真麻(まお) (mao)
• 乱(みだ)れ麻(お) (midareo)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
麻
そ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Possibly from an altered pronunciation of asa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [so̞]

Noun

麻(そ) • (so) 

1. hemp

Usage notes

Most often found in compounds.

Derived terms

• 青麻(あおそ) (aoso)
• 赤(アカ)麻(ソ) (akaso)
• 天(あま)つ菅(すが)麻(そ) (amatsusugaso)
• 打(う)ち麻(そ) (uchiso)
• 紙(かみ)麻(そ) (kamiso)
• 郷麻(ゴウソ) (gōso)
• 菅(すが)麻(そ) (sugaso)
• 綱(ツナ)麻(ソ) (tsunaso)
• 夏(なつ)麻(そ) (natsuso)
• 夏(なつ)麻(そ)引(び)く (natsusobiku)
• 練(ね)り麻(そ) (neriso)
• 綜麻(へそ) (heso)
• 真(ま)麻(そ)群(むら) (masomura)
• 真(ま)麻(そ)木綿(ゆう) (masoyū)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
麻
ま Grade: S
kan'yōon

From Middle Chinese 麻 (MC mae, “hemp”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ma̠]

Noun

麻(ま) • (ma) 

1. hemp plant
2. hemp bast, the bark of the hemp plant
3. thread, yarn, or cloth made from the hemp fiber, used in the past for mourning clothes in China

Derived terms

• 麻鞋(まがい) (magai)
• 麻姑(まこ) (Mako)
• 麻子(まし) (mashi)
• 麻糸(まし) (mashi)
• 麻垂(まだ)れ (madare)
• 麻布(まふ) (mafu)
• 麻物(まもの) (mamono)
• 亜麻(アマ) (ama)
• 黄麻(こうま) (kōma)
• 大麻(たいま) (taima)
• 蕁麻(じんま) (jinma)
• 桑麻(そうま) (sōma)
• 苧麻(ちょま) (choma)
• 白麻(はくま) (hakuma)
• 乱麻(らんま) (ranma)

References

• “麻”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
• Tsukishima, Hiroshi (c. 800), Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 2: Shibunritsu Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

麻 (eumhun 삼 마 (sam ma))

1. hanja form^? of 마 (“hemp, jute, flax”)
2. hanja form^? of 마 (“sesame”)

Compounds

• 마찰 (麻擦, machal)
• 대마 (大麻, daema)

Vietnamese

Han character

麻: Hán Việt readings: ma
麻: Nôm readings: mà, mơ, ma, mé, mờ

1. chữ Nôm form of ma (“ghost (spirit appearing after death)”)
2. chữ Nôm form of mà
   1. but; however; nevertheless
   2. used in mà cả (“to bargain”)
   3. used in mặn mà (“moderately salty; attractive; alluring”)
3. chữ Nôm form of mé (“side; region; area”)
4. chữ Nôm form of mơ (“to dream”)
5. chữ Nôm form of mờ (“dim, vague, unclear, blurred”)

Compounds

• 漫麻 (mặn mà)
• 蕁麻 (tầm ma)
• 麻哿 (mà cả)
• 麻奇 (mà cả)
• 麻恾 (mơ màng)
• 麻醉 (ma túy/ma tuý)