胡麻

Chinese

		barbarian; recklessly; surname	(to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp (to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp; numb; to bother
trad. (胡麻)		胡	麻
simp. #(胡麻)		胡	麻
Literally: “foreign hemp”.

Etymology

This word originally referred to flax (Linum usitatissimum), an import from the Western Regions, but was later confounded with sesame. For more on the background, see Laufer (1967).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): húmá

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ ㄇㄚˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wu⁴ maa⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: húmá
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄇㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: húmá
    • Wade–Giles: hu²-ma²
    • Yale: hú-má
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwuma
    • Palladius: хума (xuma)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵ mä³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wu⁴ maa⁴
    • Yale: wùh màh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴ maa⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴ ma⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹ maː²¹/

Noun

胡麻

1. flax (Linum usitatissimum); linseed
2. sesame (Sesamum indicum)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 芝麻 (“sesame”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		芝麻, 胡麻
Mandarin	Beijing	芝麻
	Taiwan	芝麻
	Langfang	芝麻
	Tangshan	芝麻
	Cangzhou	芝麻
	Baoding	芝麻
	Shijiazhuang	芝麻
	Daming	芝麻
	Harbin	芝麻
	Yantai (Muping)	芝麻
	Jinan	芝麻
	Luoyang	芝麻
	Wanrong	芝麻
	Xi'an	芝麻
	Yinchuan	芝麻
	Lanzhou	芝麻
	Xining	芝麻
	Ürümqi	芝麻
	Wuhan	芝麻, 麻子
	Chengdu	芝麻
	Kunming	芝麻
	Guilin	芝麻
	Liuzhou	芝麻, 油麻
	Xuzhou	芝麻
	Yangzhou	芝麻
	Nanjing	芝麻
	Hefei	芝麻
	Singapore	芝麻
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	芝麻
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	芝麻
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	芝麻
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	芝麻
	Pematangsiantar	芝麻
Cantonese	Guangzhou	芝麻
	Hong Kong	芝麻
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	芝麻
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	芝麻
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	芝麻
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	芝麻
	Macau	芝麻
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	芝麻
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	芝麻
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	芝麻
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	芝麻
	Foshan	芝麻
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	芝麻
	Foshan (Shunde)	芝麻
	Foshan (Sanshui)	芝麻
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	芝麻
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	芝麻
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	芝麻
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	芝麻
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	芝麻
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	芝麻
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	芝麻
	Taishan	芝麻
	Kaiping (Chikan)	芝麻
	Enping (Niujiang)	芝麻
	Heshan (Yayao)	芝麻
	Dongguan	油麻
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	油麻
	Qingyuan	芝麻
	Fogang	芝麻
	Yingde (Hanguang)	芝麻
	Yangshan	芝麻
	Lianshan (Butian)	麻子
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	麻子
	Shaoguan	芝麻
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	芝麻
	Renhua	芝麻
	Lechang	芝麻
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	芝麻
	Sihui	芝麻
	Guangning	芝麻
	Deqing	芝麻
	Huaiji	芝麻
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	麻仔
	Yunfu	油麻
	Xinxing	芝麻
	Luoding	芝麻
	Yunan (Pingtai)	芝麻
	Yangjiang	油麻
	Xinyi	芝麻
	Lianjiang	芝麻
	Nanning	芝麻
	Wuzhou	芝麻
	Yulin	芝麻
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	芝麻, 油麻
	Hepu (Shatian)	油麻
	Beihai	油麻
	Beihai (Nankang)	油麻
	Beihai (Yingpan)	油麻
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	芝麻, 油麻
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	芝麻
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	芝麻, 油麻
	Danzhou	油麻
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	芝麻
Singapore (Guangfu)	芝麻
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	芝麻
Móng Cái	芝麻, 油麻
Bangkok (Guangfu)	芝麻
Gan	Nanchang	芝麻
	Lichuan	麻仔, 芝麻
	Pingxiang	芝麻, 麻子
Hakka	Meixian	麻仔, 麻
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	油麻
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	油麻
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	油麻
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	油麻
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	芝麻
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	麻哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	麻哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	油麻哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	麻哩
	Conghua (Lütian)	油麻
	Jiexi	油麻
	Ninghua	麻仔
	Yudu	芝麻
	Shicheng	麻
	Shangyou (Shexi)	麻子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	麻仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	麻仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	麻仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	麻
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	麻仔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	麻子
	Hong Kong	油麻
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	芝麻
	Sabah (Longchuan)	芝麻, 麻
	Senai (Huiyang)	油麻
	Singkawang	油麻
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	油麻
Huizhou	Jixi	油麻
Jin	Taiyuan	芝麻
	Pingyao	芝麻
	Xinzhou	芝麻
	Hohhot	芝麻
	Zhangjiakou	芝麻
	Handan	芝麻
Jiuxing Yumin	Lanxi	芝麻
Northern Min	Jian'ou	麻仔
	Jianyang	麻仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	芝麻, 油麻
	Fuqing	油麻
Southern Min	Xiamen	麻
	Quanzhou	麻
	Jinjiang	油麻
	Zhangzhou	麻
	Dongshan	麻
	Penang (Hokkien)	麻
	Singapore (Hokkien)	麻, 油麻
	Manila (Hokkien)	麻
	Longyan	油麻
	Datian	油麻
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	油麻
	Chaozhou	油麻
	Shantou	油麻
	Shantou (Chenghai)	油麻
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	油麻
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	油麻
	Nan'ao (Yun'ao)	油麻
	Jieyang	油麻
	Lufeng	油麻
	Haifeng	油麻
	Bangkok (Teochew)	油麻
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	油麻
	Pontianak (Teochew)	油麻
	Leizhou	麻葈
	Wenchang	油麻
	Haikou	油麻
Puxian Min	Putian	芝麻
	Xianyou	油麻
Central Min	Yong'an	麻, 油麻
	Sanyuan	麻
	Shaxian	麻
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	油麻
	Sanxiang	油麻
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	芝麻
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	油麻
	Lingchuan (Shuangzhou)	芝麻
Wu	Shanghai	芝麻
	Shanghai (Chongming)	芝麻
	Suzhou	芝麻
	Danyang	芝麻
	Hangzhou	芝麻
	Ningbo	芝麻
	Wenzhou	芝麻
	Jinhua	油麻
Xiang	Changsha	芝麻
	Loudi	油麻籽
	Shuangfeng	油麻, 芝麻
	Quanzhou	油麻

Derived terms

• 胡麻籽

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (胡麻):

• → Japanese: 胡麻(ごま) (goma)
• → Korean: 호마(胡麻) (homa)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
胡	麻
ご Jinmeiyō	ま Grade: S
goon	kan’yōon

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ごま [gòmá] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɡo̞ma̠]

• Homophone: 護摩

Noun

胡(ご)麻(ま) or 胡麻(ゴマ) • (goma) 

1. sesame (either the plant or the seeds)

Derived terms

• 胡麻油(ごまあぶら) (gomaabura)
• 胡麻塩(ごましお) (gomashio)
• 開(ひら)け胡麻(ごま) (hirakegoma)
• 臍(へそ)の胡麻(ごま) (heso no goma)