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U+9EC3, 黃
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9EC3

[U+9EC2]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9EC4]
U+2FC8, ⿈
KANGXI RADICAL YELLOW

[U+2FC7]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FC9]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 201, +0, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿一田金 (TMWC), four-corner 44806, composition ⿱⿱廿(GHJK) or ⿱⿱廿(T))

  1. Kangxi radical #201, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №486

Derived characters

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Further reading

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Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for :
[[wikisource:zh:康熙字典/黃部/黃部#黃|黃部/黃部]]

Wikisource


  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1516, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47926
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2046, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4596, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+9EC3

Chinese

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trad. /
simp.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Chi (2010) proposes that was originally a pictogram (象形) and the original character of (OC *qʷaːŋ, “a disabled person with a protruding chest or abdomen”). It has been phonetically borrowed for "yellow" since the era of the oracle bone script. He (1998) noted the possible ritual of burning disabled people with a protruding chest or abdomen to pray for rain as mentioned in Zuozhuan. The in the upper part of the bronze inscription of might be depicting the disabled person's face facing upwards. Compare .

Li (2012), on the other hand, proposes that was originally a pictogram (象形) and the original character of (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “semicircular jade”) as the in the oracle bone script resembles a ring of jade, so the character would carry the meaning of "a man wearing a ring of jade on his chest". The meaning "yellow" is the result of rebus. See also the original version of , which represents carved jade.

According to Shuowen, it is both a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : phonetic (, light) + semantic (field) – the color of earth, with being the ancient form of (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light”). However, this interpretation is erroneous as 廿 at the top was formed as a result of corruption of in the bronze inscription.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hwaŋ (shine; bright; yellow). Cognate with (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light; bright”), (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright; well-lit”), Burmese ဝင်း (wang:, bright), Burmese ဝါ (wa, yellow).

“sexually obscene; pornographic”
Back-formation from 黃色黄色 (huángsè).

Pronunciation

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Note: huángr - (1) “yolk”, (2) “the ovaries, roe and digestive tract of a female crab”.
Note: wong4-2 - “yolk”.
Note:
  • ng2 - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • horng2 - literary.
Note:
  • n̂g/ûiⁿ - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • hông - literary.
Note: ui5 - vernacular (incl. surname).
Note: 1huaon - variant pronunciation (e.g. 蛋黃蛋黄 (dànhuáng)).
Note:
  • uan2 - vernacular;
  • fan2 - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /xuɑŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /xuaŋ²⁴/
    Tianjin /xuɑŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /xuaŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /xuaŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /xuaŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /xuaŋ²⁴/
    Xining /xuɔ̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /xuɑŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /xuɑ̃⁵³/
    Ürümqi /xuɑŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /xuaŋ²¹³/
    Chengdu /xuaŋ³¹/
    Guiyang /xuaŋ²¹/
    Kunming /xuã̠³¹/
    Nanjing /xuaŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /xuɑ̃⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /xuɒ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /xuɑŋ¹³/
    /xuə¹³/ 發糕
    Hohhot /xuɑ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦuɑ̃²³/
    Suzhou /ɦuɑ̃¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɦuɑŋ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /ɦuɔ³¹/
    Hui Shexian /xo⁴⁴/
    /o⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /au⁴⁴/ ~色
    /xau⁴⁴/ 姓~
    Xiang Changsha /fan¹³/
    /uan¹³/
    Xiangtan /ɦɔn¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /uɔŋ⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /voŋ¹¹/
    Taoyuan /voŋ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /wɔŋ²¹/
    Nanning /wɔŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /wɔŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔŋ³⁵/
    /ŋ³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /uoŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /uaŋ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /ŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /huaŋ³¹/
    /ui³¹/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (33)
    Final () (102)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter hwang
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɦwɑŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɦʷɑŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɣuɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɦwaŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɣuɑŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɣuɑŋ/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /ɣwɑŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    huáng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    wong4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    huáng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ hwang ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*N-kʷˁaŋ/
    English yellow

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5380
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɡʷaːŋ/
    Notes

    Definitions

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    1. yellow (colour)
        ―  'huáng  ―  yellow color
    2. yolk
      白蓮月餅 [Cantonese, trad.]
      白莲月饼 [Cantonese, simp.]
      soeng1 wong4-2 baak6 lin4 jung4 jyut6 beng2 [Jyutping]
      double yolk and lotus paste mooncake
    3. Short for 蟹黃蟹黄 (xièhuáng).
    4. yellow; Far East Asian
    5. (colloquial) pornographic; lewd
        ―  huángpiàn  ―  adult movie
    6. (colloquial) to fizzle out; to fall through
      某些公司 [MSC, trad.]
      某些公司 [MSC, simp.]
      Mǒuxiē gōngsī zhēn shi jué le, shōu shá huáng shá. [Pinyin]
      Some companies are really sucktastic; whatever [they] purchase flops.
      這次旅遊興致扒手兒 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      这次旅游兴致扒手儿 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Zhèi cì lǚyóu de xìngzhi ràng páshǒur gěi jiǎo huáng le. [Pinyin]
      The high spirit of this trip was ruined by a pickpocket.
    7. (Cantonese) to let the cat out of the bag (to let a secret be known)
    8. (Hong Kong, politics) supportive of Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement
      Antonym: (lán)
      See also: 黃絲
    9. (Southern Min) to ripen
    10. Short for 黃帝黄帝 (Huángdì).
    11. Short for 黃河黄河 (Huáng Hé, “Yellow River”).
    12. a surname
        ―  Huáng Zōngxī  ―  Huang Zongxi (Chinese intellectual and political theorist that lived during the latter part of the Ming dynasty into the early part of the Qing)
      [Hokkien, trad.]
      [Hokkien, simp.]
      Ûiⁿ Hūi-lân [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      Oei Hui-lan (a Chinese-Indonesian socialite and First Lady of the Republic of China)

    Synonyms

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (おう) (ō); (こう) ()
    • Korean: 황(黃) (Hwang)
    • Vietnamese: Huỳnh (), Hoàng ()

    Others:

    Compounds

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    References

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    Japanese

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    Shinjitai

    Kyūjitai

    Kanji

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    (Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

    1. Kyūjitai form of

    Readings

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    (eumhun 누를 (nureul hwang))

    1. hanja form? of (yellow; a surname)

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Việt readings: hoàng[1][2][3][4][5][6], huỳnh[2][5][7]
    : Nôm readings: vàng[7][6]

    1. chữ Hán form of hoàng (yellow).
    2. Nôm form of vàng (yellow; gold).
    3. chữ Hán form of Hoàng (a surname).
      黃春榮Hoàng Xuân Vinh

    Compounds

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    References

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