礦

See also: 砿, 矿, 鑛, and 鉱

礦	U+7926, 礦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7926

← 礥
[U+7925]

CJK Unified Ideographs

礧 →
[U+7927]

Translingual

Traditional	礦
Shinjitai (extended)	砿
Simplified	矿

Traditional	礦
Simplified	矿
Japanese	鉱
Korean	鑛

Han character

礦 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+15, 20 strokes, Cangjie input 一口戈廿金 (MRITC), four-corner 1068₆, composition ⿰石廣)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 838, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24564
Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 21
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2461, character 13
Unihan data for U+7926

Chinese

trad.		礦
simp.		矿
alternative forms		鑛／矿鉱磺丱卝鑛／矿鉱磺丱卝鋛𥐫𥒩𨥑𨥥𨧾𨨭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (黃) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
僙	*kʷaːŋ
廣	*kʷaːŋʔ
鄺	kʷaːŋʔ, qʰʷaːŋ
懬	kʰʷaːŋʔ, kʰaːŋʔ
爌	kʰʷaːŋʔ, kʰʷaːŋs, *qʰʷaːŋʔ
曠	*kʰʷaːŋs
矌	*kʰʷaːŋs
壙	*kʰʷaːŋs
纊	*kʰʷaːŋs
黃	*ɡʷaːŋ
璜	*ɡʷaːŋ
潢	ɡʷaːŋ, ɡʷaːŋs
簧	*ɡʷaːŋ
癀	*ɡʷaːŋ
鱑	*ɡʷaːŋ
獚	*ɡʷaːŋ
蟥	*ɡʷaːŋ
趪	*ɡʷaːŋ
櫎	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
擴	ɡʷlaːŋs, kʰʷaːɡ
瀇	*qʷaːŋʔ
獷	kʷaŋʔ, kʷraːŋʔ
觵	*kʷraːŋ
礦	*kʷraːŋʔ
鑛	*kʷraːŋʔ
穬	*kʷraːŋʔ
橫	ɡʷraːŋ, ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ
黌	*ɡʷraːŋ
鐄	*ɡʷraːŋ
嚝	*qʰʷraːŋ
彉	kʷaːɡ, qʰʷaːɡ
彍	kʷaːɡ, qʰʷaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʷraːŋʔ): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): kuàng, gǒng (kuang⁴, gong³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄤˋ, ㄍㄨㄥˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kuang⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwong³ / gwong³ / kong³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khóng / khong

(Hailu, HRS): kong^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): guang³
Eastern Min (BUC): kuōng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): korng⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khǹg / khòng

(Teochew, Peng'im): kuang³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵khuaon / ³khuaon / ⁵khaon / ³khuan / ⁵khuan / ¹khuaon / ³kuan
- (Jinhua): ⁵khuaon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland and Taiwan standard)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuàng
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuang⁴
  - Yale: kwàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuanq
  - Palladius: куан (kuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǒng
  - Wade–Giles: kung³
  - Yale: gǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goong
  - Palladius: гун (gun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: kuang⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuaŋ²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kwong³ / gwong³ / kong³
  - Yale: kwong / gwong / kong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwong³ / gwong³ / kong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuong³ / guong³ / kong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɔːŋ³³/, /kʷɔːŋ³³/, /kʰɔːŋ³³/

Note: gwong3, kong3 - alternative pronunciations.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khóng / khong
  - Hakka Romanization System: kong^ˋ / kong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kong³ / kong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ³¹/, /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: kong^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: guang³
  - Sinological IPA: /kuaŋ³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kuōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuoŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: korng⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ko̤̍ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɒŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǹg
  - Tâi-lô: khǹg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qngx
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰŋ̍⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
  - Tâi-lô: khòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ²¹/

Note:

khǹg - vernacular;
khòng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: kuang³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khuàng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuaŋ²¹³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Chuansha, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Xiaoshan, Fuyang, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁵khuaon
  - MiniDict: khuaon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khuaan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰuɑ̃³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /kʰuɑ̃³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /kʰuɒ̃³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /kʰuɑ̃³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /kʰuɑ³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /kʰuɔ̃³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Haining): /kʰuɑ̃⁴⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /kʰɔ̃³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiaoshan): /kʰuɒ̃⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /kʰuɔ̃³³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /kʰuɒŋ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /kʰuɔ̃⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Suzhou, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ³khuaon
  - MiniDict: khuaon^上
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kʰuɑ̃⁵¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /kʰuɔ³⁵/
- (Northern: Jiaxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁵khaon
  - MiniDict: khaon^去
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /kʰɑ̃³³⁴/
- (Northern: Changzhou)
  - Wugniu: ³khuan
  - MiniDict: khuan^上
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /kʰuaŋ⁴⁵/
- (Northern: Yixing, Jingjiang, Deqing, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁵khuan
  - MiniDict: khuan^去
  - Sinological IPA (Yixing): /kʰuaŋ⁴¹²/
  - Sinological IPA (Jingjiang): /kʰuaŋ⁵²/
  - Sinological IPA (Deqing): /kʰuã⁴³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /kʰuæ̃⁴⁵/
- (Northern: Cixi)
  - Wugniu: ¹khuaon
  - Sinological IPA (Cixi): /kʰuɔ̃³²⁴/
- (Northern: Chongming)
  - Wugniu: ³kuan
  - MiniDict: kuan^上
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /kuã⁴²⁴/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁵khuaon
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /kʰuɑŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

Chongming:
- 5khuaon - literary;
- 3kuan - vernacular, e.g. 礦灰.

Middle Chinese: kwaengX

Rime
Character	礦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (110)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古猛切
Baxter	kwaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠwæŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚaŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kuaŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨjŋ^X/
Li Rong	/kuɐŋ^X/
Wang Li	/kwɐŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwɐŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwang²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʷraːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礦
Reading #	1/1
No.	5395
Phonetic component	黄
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	礦
Old Chinese	/*kʷraːŋʔ/
Notes	說文作磺

Definitions

礦

Compounds

Descendants

→ Burmese: ကွမ် (kwam)
→ Bouyei: kuangq
→ Zhuang: gvangq

References

“礦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02873

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	砿
Print standard	礦

Kanji

礦

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 砿)

alternative form of 鉱: mineral

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}^{←くゐやう (kwyau, ancient)}
Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
Kun: あらがね (aragane, 礦)

Compounds

礦(こう)業(ぎょう) (kōgyō, “mining”)
礦(こう)石(せき) (kōseki, “ore”)
炭(たん)礦(こう) (tankō, “coal mine”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
礦
あらがね Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 礦 – see the following entry.

【粗金あらがね】

[noun] unsmelted metal ore

Alternative spellings
鉱, 鑛, 砿, 丱, あらかね

(This term, 礦, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

礦 (eum 광 (gwang))

mineral, ore

Hanja

礦 (eum 황 (hwang))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

礦: Hán Nôm readings: khoáng, quáng, khoắng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.