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唐

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
唐 U+5510, 唐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5510
← 唏
[U+550F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 唑 →
[U+5511]

唐 U+2F842, 唐
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F842
← 哶
[U+2F841] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 啓 →
[U+2F843]

Translingual

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Han character

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唐 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+7, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 戈中口 (ILR), four-corner 00267, composition ⿸广⿱肀口)

Derived characters

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Additional derived characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 192, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3709
  • Dae Jaweon: page 411, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 633, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5510

Bailang

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Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mV-taŋ. Compare Burmese မြင် (mrang, “to see”).

Verb

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唐 (*lˤɑŋ)

  1. to see

References

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  • Hill, Nathan W. (2017), “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎[3], volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 唐
alternative forms 𡃯
𣉺
𥏬
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 唐
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唐 *ɡl'aːŋ
煻 *l'aːŋ
糖 *l'aːŋ
搪 *l'aːŋ
蓎 *l'aːŋ
瑭 *l'aːŋ
餹 *l'aːŋ
篖 *l'aːŋ
螗 *l'aːŋ
塘 *l'aːŋ
鶶 *l'aːŋ
赯 *l'aːŋ
磄 *l'aːŋ
溏 *l'aːŋ
傏 *l'aːŋ
鎕 *l'aːŋ
榶 *l'aːŋ
嵣 *l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs
庚 *kraːŋ
賡 *kraːŋ
鹒 *kraːŋ
康 *kʰlaːŋ
穅 *kʰlaːŋ
糠 *kʰlaːŋ
槺 *kʰlaːŋ
漮 *kʰlaːŋ
躿 *kʰlaːŋ
慷 *kʰlaːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, *kˤraŋ): phonetic 庚 (*lˤaŋ) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). 口 functions as a differentiating mark (cf. 古/固), not as semantic "mouth." The graph abstracts some property — likely "hollowness" or "spatial openness" — from 庚, a pictograph of a hollow percussion/ritual instrument. Used in oracle bones for Shang king Cheng Tang.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • dung2/dng2 - vernacular (less commonly used in surname);
  • dorng2 - literary.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
    • tn̂g - vernacular (incl. surname);
    • tông - literary.
Note:
  • deng5 - vernacular (more commonly used in surname);
  • tang5 - literary.
Rime
Character 唐
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒郎切
Baxter dang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/daŋ/
Li
Rong 		/dɑŋ/
Wang
Li 		/dɑŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		táng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tong4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 唐 唐 唐
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tāng táng táng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thang › ‹ dang › ‹ dang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*r̥ˁaŋ/ /*[N-]rˁaŋ/ /*[N].rˁaŋ/
English name of first Shang ruler exaggerate; great 棠棣 cherry tree

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 唐
Reading # 1/1
No. 3959
Phonetic
component 		庚
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		唐
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡl'aːŋ/

Etymology 1

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Core meaning likely "empty, hollow" → "vast, boundless," derived from the resonant interior of the instrument 庚 (OC *kraːŋ). The sense "paved courtyard/temple path" represents an open linear passage between structures.

Perhaps related to 途 (OC *l'aː, “road”) (Wang, 1982). Schuessler (2007) alternatively compares Proto-Austroasiatic *glɔːŋ, whence Mon ဂၠံၚ်, Kensiu gəlɔŋ, Kuy [script needed] (khlù:aŋ).

The use of "唐" (Tang Dynasty) to mean "Chinese" is because the Tang Dynasty is viewed by Chinese people as one of the golden ages of their history.

Definitions

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唐

  1. (literary) to boast; to talk big; to exaggerate
    荒唐  ―  huāngtáng  ―  absurd; fantastic
  2. (literary) to offend; to be abrupt
    唐突  ―  tángtū  ―  to be offensive; rude; abrupt
  3. (literary) vast; boundless; magnificent
  4. (literary) empty; void; hollow
  5. (literary) in vain; to no avail; for nothing
    功不唐捐  ―  gōngbùtángjuān  ―  effort will not be in vain (Buddhist idiom)
    唐勞／唐劳  ―  táng láo  ―  to labor in vain
  6. (archaic) paved path (inside a courtyard or leading to the main hall)
  7. (archaic) Cheng Tang (成湯), the first king and founder of the Shang Dynasty
  8. (history) Tao Tang (陶唐), a legendary ancient Chinese state ruled by Emperor Yao
  9. (history) Name of several ancient states in Zhou Dynasty:
    1. A state located in present-day Shanxi, ruled by the descendants of Yao, later annexed by King Cheng of Zhou.
    2. The fiefdom of Tang Shuyu (brother of King Cheng) in present-day Shanxi, later renamed to Jin (晉).
    3. A state located in present-day Suizhou, Hubei, later annexed by Chu.
  10. (history) The Tang Dynasty (618–907), founded by the Li (李) family
    唐詩／唐诗  ―  tángshī  ―  Tang poetry
  11. (history) Later Tang (923–937), one of the Five Dynasties
    Synonym: 後唐 / 后唐 (Hòutáng)
  12. (history) Southern Tang (937–976), one of the Ten Kingdoms
    Synonym: 南唐 (Nántáng)
  13. (figurative) China; Chinese
    唐人  ―  tángrén  ―  Chinese person
    唐人街  ―  tángrénjiē  ―  Chinatown (literally, “Chinese people's street”)
  14. 50th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "vastness, emptiness, pointlessness" (𝌷)
  15. (～縣) Tang county (a county of Baoding, Hebei, China)
  17. a surname
    唐君毅  ―  Táng Jūnyì  ―  Tang Chun-i (20th-century Chinese philosopher)
See also
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Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name Time period Divisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代) 		2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代) 		1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代) 		1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周 / 东周		 Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國 / 战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代) 		221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代) 		206 BCE – 220 CE Western Han
西漢 / 西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢 / 东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國 / 三国 		220 – 280 CE Wei
魏
Shu Han
蜀漢 / 蜀汉
Wu
吳 / 吴
Jin
晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代) 		265 – 420 CE Western Jin
西晉 / 西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉 / 东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝 		420 – 589 CE Northern dynasties
北朝		 Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏 / 东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊 / 北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		 Liu Song
劉宋 / 刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊 / 南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代) 		581 – 618 CE
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代) 		618 – 907 CE
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國 / 五代十国 		907 – 960 CE
Liao
遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代) 		907 – 1125 CE
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代) 		960 – 1279 CE Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏 		1038 – 1227 CE
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代) 		1115 – 1234 CE
Western Liao
西遼 / 西辽 		1124 – 1218 CE
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代) 		1271 – 1368 CE
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代) 		1368 – 1644 CE
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代) 		1636 – 1912 CE
Republic of China
中華民國 / 中华民国 		1912 CE – present Note: In Chinese contexts
People's Republic of China
中華人民共和國 / 中华人民共和国 		1949 CE – present Note: In Chinese contexts

Compounds

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Descendants

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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from English.

Definitions

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唐

  1. Used in transcription.
    唐納德／唐纳德  ―  Tángnàdé  ―  Donald
    约翰·朗顿·唐  ―  yuēhàn lǎng dùn táng  ―  John Langdon Down
    唐郡  ―  táng jùn  ―  Down (a county of Northern Ireland, United Kingdom)

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Clipping of 唐氏綜合症／唐氏综合症 (Tángshì zōnghézhèng, “Down syndrome”).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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唐

  1. (Internet slang, derogatory) stupid; absurd; idiotic; retarded
    太唐了  ―  tài táng le  ―  so stupid; utterly retarded
    一眼唐  ―  yīyǎn táng  ―  obviously stupid
  2. (Internet slang, derogatory) to act stupidly; to screw up completely; to be a lost cause
    唐完了  ―  táng wán le  ―  completely screwed; utterly hopeless
    都讓你唐完了／都让你唐完了  ―  dōu ràng nǐ táng wán le  ―  you've pulled all the retarded moves
Usage notes
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  • This term originated as a derogatory euphemism but has undergone semantic bleaching through widespread internet use.

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 唐
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
唐󠄁
唐+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
唐󠄃
唐+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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唐

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. Tang dynasty
  2. China, Chinese, Sino-
  3. foreign
  4. baseless, bogus
  5. abrupt, sudden

Readings

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(Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    Kanji in this term
    唐
    とう
    Grade: S
    on'yomi

    /tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/

    From Middle Chinese 唐 (MC dang).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    唐(とう) • (tō) ←たう (tau)?

    1. foreign lands in general
    Derived terms
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    Idioms
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    Proper noun

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    唐(とう) • (Tō) ←たう (Tau)?

    1. (historical) name of various Chinese dynasties:
      1. the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE)
      2. the 後唐 (Kōtō, “Later Tang”) (923–937 CE)
      3. the 南唐 (Nantō, “Southern Tang”) (937–976 CE)
    2. (dated) China in general
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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      Kanji in this term
      唐
      から
      Grade: S
      kun'yomi
      Alternative spellings
      韓
      漢
      伽羅

      From 伽羅 (Kara), a version of the name of the Gaya Confederacy, a state in ancient times on the southern end of the Korean Peninsula.[4][5]

      First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, in reference to the Gaya Confederacy.[4]

      Over time, the meaning shifted from referring specifically to the Gaya Confederacy, to referring more broadly to "one of the nearby countries overseas" such as on the Korean peninsula or China (attested since 1001[4]), and then even more broadly to include any country overseas, even European countries (attested since 1665[4]). As a prefix, often used to indicate items originating from abroad.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      唐(から) • (kara) 

      1. foreign lands in general
      2. short for 唐織り (karaori): silk fabrics imported from China; an exquisitely-embroidered woman's kimono; a costume made in the karaori style used in Noh theater

      Prefix

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      唐(から) • (kara-) 

      1. element in compounds, referring to things imported from China or from other foreign lands
        漢(から)詩(うた)、唐(から)歌(うた)、唐(から)揚(あ)げ、漢(から)音(ごえ)
        karauta, karauta, karaage, karagoe
        Chinese-style poetry (as opposed to formal waka Japanese-style poetry), Chinese-style poetry, foreign-style deep-fried food (a style introduced by Europeans in the 1600s), "Chinese voice" → the kan'on or Chinese-derived reading for a character
      Usage notes
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      The 唐 spelling is sometimes reserved for nuances relating to the Tang dynasty, the 漢 spelling for nuances relating to China more generally, and the 韓 spelling for nuances relating to Korea.

      Derived terms
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      Proper noun

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      唐(から) • (Kara) 

      1. (formal, dated) the name of China during the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE).
      Derived terms
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      See also
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      Etymology 3

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        Kanji in this term
        唐
        もろこし
        Grade: S
        kun'yomi
        For pronunciation and definitions of 唐 – see the following entry.
        【もろこし】
        [proper noun] (archaic) China
        [noun] (archaic) any objects imported from China
        Alternative spelling
        唐土
        (This term, 唐, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

        References

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        1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914), 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 454 (paper), page 277 (digital)
        2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 299 (paper), page 161 (digital)
        3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
        4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 “唐”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
        5. ^ “唐”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
        6. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
        7. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

        Korean

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        Hanja

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        唐 (eumhun 당나라 당 (dangnara dang))

        1. hanja form? of 당 (“Tang dynasty”)
        2. hanja form? of 당 (“Chinese”)

        Okinawan

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        Kanji

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        唐

        (Jōyō kanji)

        Readings

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        Etymology

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        Kanji in this term
        唐
        とー
        Grade: S
        on'yomi

        Pronunciation

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        Proper noun

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        唐(とー) (Tō) 

        1. China

        Derived terms

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        References

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        • “とー【唐】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

        Vietnamese

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        Han character

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        唐: Hán Nôm readings: Đường, đường, đằng, đàng, giềng

        1. Tang dynasty
        2. Chinese
        Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=唐&oldid=92160583"