三國

Chinese

		three	country; state; nation
trad. (三國)		三	國
simp. (三国)		三	国
anagram		國三／国三

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “concrete date or dynasty where the term originates to refer to this period”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Sānguó

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saam¹ gwok³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Sâm-koet

  (Hailu, HRS): sam^ˋ gued

• Eastern Min (BUC): Săng-guók
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sang¹ gorh⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Sam-kok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sam¹ gog⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹se-koq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Sānguó
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Sanguó
    • Wade–Giles: San¹-kuo²
    • Yale: Sān-gwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Sangwo
    • Palladius: Саньго (Sanʹgo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saam¹ gwok³
    • Yale: sāam gwok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saam¹ gwok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: sam¹ guog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːm⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sâm-koet
    • Hakka Romanization System: sam^ˊ gued^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sam¹ gued⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /sam²⁴ ku̯et̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: sam^ˋ gued
    • Sinological IPA: /sam⁵³ kuet⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Săng-guók
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(k-)ŋuɔʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sang¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic: sang² ngorh⁶]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Sang-go̤h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^(k-)ŋɒʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sang¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic: sang² ngorh⁶]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^(k-)ŋɒʔ²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sang¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic: sang² morh⁶]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^(k-)mɒʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sam-kok
    • Tâi-lô: Sam-kok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: samkog
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sam⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /sam³³ kɔk̚⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sam⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sam¹ gog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sam kok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sam³³⁻²³ kok̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹se-koq
    • MiniDict: se^平 koh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹se-koq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/

Proper noun

三國

1. (Chinese history) the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE)
2. (Korean history) the Three Kingdoms of Korea
3. an orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 三国, Mikuni

Derived terms

• 三國志 / 三国志 (Sānguó Zhì)
• 三國演義 / 三国演义 (Sānguó Yǎnyì)
• 三國鼎立 / 三国鼎立 (sānguó dǐnglì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (三國):

• → Japanese: 三国(さんごく) (sangoku)
• → Korean: 삼국(三國) (samguk)
• → Vietnamese: Tam Quốc (三國)

Other:

• → English: Three Kingdoms
• → Thai: สามก๊ก
  • → Khmer: សាម​កុក (saam-kok)
  • → Japanese: サームコック (Sāmukokku)
• → Indonesian: Sam Kok, Samkok

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國 / 战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 CE	Western Han 西漢 / 西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国	220 – 280 CE	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉
		Wu 吳 / 吴
Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 CE	Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 CE	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 CE
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 CE
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国	907 – 960 CE
Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 CE
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 CE	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 CE
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 CE
Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽	1124 – 1218 CE
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 CE
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 CE
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 CE
Republic of China 中華民國 / 中华民国	1912 CE – present	Note: In Chinese contexts
People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國 / 中华人民共和国	1949 CE – present	Note: In Chinese contexts

Japanese

Kanji in this term
三	國
さん Grade: 1	こく > ごく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Kanji in this term
三	國
み Grade: 1	くに Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 三國 – see the following entry.

【三国さんごく】 [noun] three countries [noun] Japan, China, and India [noun] Japan, Korea, and China [noun] all the world [noun] Three Kingdoms of ancient China: Wei (魏), Shu (蜀 (shǔ)), and Wu (吳 / 吴) 【三国みくに】 [proper noun] Mount Mikuni (a mountain in Gifu Prefecture, Japan) [proper noun] a surname

(This term, 三國, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
三	國

Proper noun

三國 • (Samguk) (hangeul 삼국)

1. hanja form^? of 삼국 (“the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE)”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
三	國

Proper noun

三國

1. chữ Hán form of Tam Quốc (“the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE)”)