梁

See also: 粱 and 樑

梁 U+6881, 梁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6881 ← 梀 [U+6880] CJK Unified Ideographs 梂 → [U+6882]

梁 U+F97A, 梁 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F97A ← 凉 [U+F979] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 糧 → [U+F97B]

Translingual

Traditional	梁
Simplified	梁
Japanese	梁
Korean	梁

Han character

梁 (radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水金木 (ECD) or 水戈木 (EID), four-corner 3390₄, composition ⿱⿰氵刅ホ)

Derived characters

• 樑, 墚, 簗, 𥛫, 𨄈, 𨎛, 𨫟, 𬪔

References

• KangXi: page 528, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14825
• Dae Jaweon: page 916, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1220, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6881
• Unihan data for U+F97A

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Chinese

trad.		梁
simp. #		梁
alternative forms		鿄 𣸑 渿 𣹷

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 梁
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (刅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
梁	*raŋ
粱	*raŋ
刱	*sʰraŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raŋ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 刅 (OC *sʰraŋ) + semantic 木 (“wood”) — a bridge.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Are the noun senses related to the proper noun senses?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liáng (liang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): loeng⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): liang³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): liòng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): liong²

• Min Dong (BUC): liòng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): niû / niô͘ / liông / liâng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nion⁵ / niên⁵ / liang⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): lian (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: liáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ
    • Wade–Giles: liang2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liang
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: loeng⁴
    • Yale: lèuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loeng⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœ̽ːŋ²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: liang³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liaŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: liongˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liong²
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯oŋ¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: liong²
    • Sinological IPA: /liɔŋ¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: liòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uoŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niû
    • Tâi-lô: niû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: niuu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kinmen): /niũ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /niũ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niô͘
    • Tâi-lô: niôo
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /niɔ̃¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
    • Tâi-lô: liông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng
    • Tâi-lô: liâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liaang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³/

Note:

• niû/niô͘ - vernacular (incl. surname);
• liông/liâng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: nion⁵ / niên⁵ / liang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niôⁿ / niêⁿ / liâng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nĩõ⁵⁵/, /nĩẽ⁵⁵/, /liaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• nion5, niên5 - vernacular, incl. surname (niên5 - Chaozhou);
• liang5 - literary.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: lian (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liã²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /lɨɐŋ/

Rime
Character	梁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	呂章切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/liaŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loeng4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*raŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*raŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	梁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liáng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljang ›
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/
English	beam; bridge
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	梁
Reading #	1/1
No.	1648
Phonetic component	刅
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	良
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/

Definitions

梁

1. Alternative form of 樑 (“bridge; roof beam; ridge”); also the simplified form.
2. (historical) state of Liang
   1. An ancient Chinese state during the Spring and Autumn period
   2. An ancient Chinese state of Wei after moving its capital to Daliang
   3. An ancient Chinese state during the Han dynasty
   4. An ancient Chinese state during the Jin (晉) dynasty
   5. One of two ancient Chinese states during the end of the Sui dynasty
3. (historical) Liang dynasty
   1. Southern Liang, one of the Southern Dynasties
   2. Later Liang of the Five Dynasties
4. A surname​.
   • 梁山伯  ―  Liáng Shānbó  ―  Liang Shanbo

Synonyms

• (state of Wei): 魏 (wèi), 魏國／魏国 (Wèiguó)
• (state): 梁國／梁国 (Liángguó)
• (dynasty): 梁朝 (Liángcháo)
• (Southern Liang): 南梁, 蕭梁／萧梁
• (Later Liang): 後梁／后梁 (Hòuliáng), 朱梁

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 B.C.E.
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 B.C.E.
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 B.C.E.	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周／东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國／战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 B.C.E.
Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 B.C.E. – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢／西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國／三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu 蜀
		Wu 吳／吴
Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉／西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊／北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊／南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼／西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (梁):

• → Korean: 양 (梁, Yang)
• → Vietnamese: Lương (梁)

Others:

• → Bouyei: Liangz, Liangf
• → English: Liang, Leung, Leong, Neo
• → Zhuang: Liengz

Compounds

Derived terms from 梁

• 上梁
• 上梁不正
• 上梁不正下梁歪
• 上梁文
• 偷梁換柱／偷梁换柱
• 光脊梁
• 刺股懸梁／刺股悬梁
• 刺骨懸梁／刺骨悬梁
• 卑梁之釁／卑梁之衅
• 呂梁山／吕梁山
• 國家棟梁／国家栋梁
• 大廈棟梁／大厦栋梁
• 大梁 (Dàliáng)
• 小醜跳梁／小丑跳梁
• 屋梁
• 山梁
• 平梁
• 康梁
• 強梁／强梁 (qiángliáng)
• 彊梁／强梁
• 彫梁畫棟／彫梁画栋
• 後梁／后梁 (Hòuliáng)
• 懸梁／悬梁
• 懸梁刺股／悬梁刺股
• 懸梁刺骨／悬梁刺骨
• 戳脊梁骨
• 扛大梁
• 挑大梁
• 挑正梁
• 提梁
• 摶柱乘梁／抟柱乘梁
• 撫梁易柱／抚梁易柱
• 朝梁暮晉／朝梁暮晋
• 朝梁暮陳／朝梁暮陈
• 杞梁妻
• 杠梁
• 架海金梁
• 柏梁臺／柏梁台
• 柏梁詩／柏梁诗
• 柏梁體／柏梁体
• 梁上君子
• 梁園／梁园
• 梁園宴雪／梁园宴雪
• 梁子 (liángzi)

• 梁子湖 (Liángzihú)
• 梁孟
• 梁家畈 (Liángjiāfàn)
• 梁山 (Liángshān)
• 梁山泊
• 梁州 (Liángzhōu)
• 梁惠王
• 梁敬帝
• 梁書／梁书 (Liáng Shū)
• 梁木其壞／梁木其坏
• 梁架
• 梁柱
• 梁案
• 梁棟／梁栋
• 梁武帝
• 梁父吟
• 梁父山 (Liángfǔshān)
• 梁獄上書／梁狱上书
• 梁皇寶懺／梁皇宝忏
• 梁皇懺／梁皇忏
• 梁祝 (Liáng-Zhù)
• 梁簡文帝／梁简文帝
• 梁輈／梁辀
• 梁鴻五噫／梁鸿五噫
• 梁麗／梁丽
• 梁龍／梁龙
• 棟梁／栋梁
• 棟梁之任／栋梁之任
• 棟梁之材／栋梁之材
• 棟梁之臣／栋梁之臣
• 椽梁
• 橋梁／桥梁
• 橫梁／横梁
• 歌聲繞梁／歌声绕梁
• 汴梁 (Biànliáng)
• 沒梁桶／没梁桶
• 沒脊梁／没脊梁
• 河梁
• 泰山梁木
• 津梁 (jīnliáng)
• 浮梁 (Fúliáng)
• 漁梁／渔梁
• 澤梁／泽梁
• 濠梁

• 烏梁海／乌梁海 (Wūliánghǎi)
• 無梁斗／无梁斗
• 玳梁
• 玳瑁梁
• 畫梁雕棟／画梁雕栋
• 畫棟雕梁／画栋雕梁
• 石梁河 (Shíliánghé)
• 磨脊梁
• 穀梁／谷梁 (Gǔliáng)
• 穀梁傳／谷梁传 (Gǔliángzhuàn)
• 結梁子／结梁子
• 繞梁／绕梁
• 繞梁三日／绕梁三日
• 繞梁之音／绕梁之音
• 繞梁韻永／绕梁韵永
• 背梁骨
• 脊梁
• 脊梁骨
• 落月屋梁
• 豎柱上梁／竖柱上梁
• 豎起脊梁／竖起脊梁
• 跳梁
• 跳梁小丑
• 通梁 (Tōngliáng)
• 逼上梁山 (bīshàngliángshān)
• 過梁／过梁
• 鈑梁／钣梁
• 鑿壁懸梁／凿壁悬梁
• 長梁／长梁 (Chángliáng)
• 陸梁／陆梁
• 雕梁畫柱／雕梁画柱
• 雕梁畫棟／雕梁画栋
• 頂梁柱／顶梁柱
• 飛梁／飞梁
• 餘妙繞梁／余妙绕梁
• 餘音繞梁／余音绕梁
• 餘響繞梁／余响绕梁
• 高梁 (gāoliáng)
• 魚梁／鱼梁
• 鼻梁
• 鼻無梁柱／鼻无梁柱
• 齊梁世界／齐梁世界
• 齊梁體／齐梁体

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Japanese

Kanji

梁

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Go-on: ろう (rō)
• Kan-on: りょう (ryō)
• Kun: はし (hashi, 梁); はり (hari, 梁); やな (yana, 梁)

Noun

梁(はり) • (hari) 

1. beam, joist

梁(やな) • (yana) 

1. fish trap, fish weir

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 梁 (MC lɨɐŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 랴ᇰ (Yale: lyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

梁 (eumhun 들보 량 (deulbo ryang), South Korea 들보 양 (deulbo yang))

1. Hanja form^? of 량/양 (“beam; bridge”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 교량 (橋梁, gyoryang)
• 양산 (梁山, Yangsan)
• 도량 (跳梁, doryang)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

梁: Hán Nôm readings: lương

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.