啟

See also: 啓 and 启

啟 U+555F, 啟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-555F ← 啞 [U+555E] CJK Unified Ideographs 啠 → [U+5560]

Translingual

Traditional	啟
Simplified	启
Japanese	啓
Korean	啓

Usage notes

This character form is not found in the Kangxi dictionary and is not used in Japan or Korea (啓 is used instead). However, this character is the preferred form used in Hong Kong and Taiwan.

Han character

啟 (radical 66, 攴+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹口人大 (HROK), four-corner 3860₄, composition ⿰户攵(G) or ⿰启攵(HT))

Derived characters

• 闙, 𣘼, 𭨠, 𦘦, 𮮝, 𫫤, 𫹢

Related characters

• 啓 (Similar character form)

Descendants

• 启 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• KangXi: not present, would follow page 196, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3821
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1463, character 8
• Unihan data for U+555F

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Chinese

trad.		啟/啓
simp.		启
variant forms		唘 啓

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (啓) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
啓	*kʰeːʔ
啟	*kʰeːʔ
棨	*kʰeːʔ
綮	*kʰeːʔ
晵	*kʰeːʔ, *kʰens
闙	*kʰeːʔ
启	*kʰeːʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qǐ (qi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kai²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khí
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): khé

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ki²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: qǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ
    • Wade–Giles: ch'ih³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chii
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kai²
    • Yale: kái
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kai²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kei²
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɐi̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khí
    • Hakka Romanization System: ki`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ki³
    • IPA: /kʰi³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khé
    • Tâi-lô: khé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qea
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰe⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰe⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰe⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰe⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ki²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khí
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰi⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰei^X/▼

Rime
Character	啟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	康禮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰeiX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰeiX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛjX/
Li Rong	/kʰeiX/
Wang Li	/kʰieiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰieiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qǐ

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	啟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ khejX ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰˁijʔ/
English	open (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啟
Reading #	1/1
No.	10129
Phonetic component	啓
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	啓
Old Chinese	/*kʰeːʔ/
Notes	啓通用異體見漢簡

Definitions

啟

1. to open
2. to enlighten; to educate; to inspire
3. to start; to begin; to commerce
4. to inform; to state; to explain
5. note; short letter
6. son of Yu the Great, second emperor of Xia Dynasty
7. A surname​.

Compounds

• 不好啟齒／不好启齿
• 丹脣啟秀／丹唇启秀
• 光啟／光启
• 公啟／公启
• 再啟者／再启者
• 副啟／副启
• 哀啟／哀启
• 啟乞／启乞
• 啟事／启事 (qǐshì)
• 啟動／启动 (qǐdòng)
• 啟動程式／启动程式
• 啟口／启口
• 啟告／启告
• 啟問／启问
• 啟土／启土
• 啟報／启报
• 啟奏／启奏
• 啟封／启封
• 啟建／启建
• 啟手足／启手足
• 啟明／启明 (qǐmíng)
• 啟智／启智
• 啟沃／启沃
• 啟用／启用 (qǐyòng)

• 啟發／启发 (qǐfā)
• 啟白／启白
• 啟碇／启碇
• 啟示／启示 (qǐshì)
• 啟示錄／启示录 (Qǐshìlù)
• 啟程／启程 (qǐchéng)
• 啟節／启节
• 啟聰／启聪
• 啟航／启航
• 啟蒙／启蒙 (qǐméng)
• 啟蒙哲學／启蒙哲学
• 啟蒙時代／启蒙时代 (Qǐméng Shídài)
• 啟蒙運動／启蒙运动 (qǐméng yùndòng)
• 啟處／启处
• 啟蟄／启蛰
• 啟行／启行
• 啟請／启请
• 啟迪／启迪 (qǐdí)
• 啟運／启运
• 啟釁／启衅
• 啟閉／启闭
• 啟顏／启颜
• 啟齒／启齿 (qǐchǐ)
• 夏啟／夏启

• 天啟／天启
• 山公啟事／山公启事
• 徵啟／征启
• 徵求啟事／征求启事
• 承上啟下／承上启下
• 承先啟後／承先启后 (chéngxiānqǐhòu)
• 承前啟後／承前启后
• 敬啟者／敬启者 (jìngqǐzhě)
• 更正啟事／更正启事
• 書啟／书启
• 款啟寡聞／款启寡闻
• 殷憂啟聖／殷忧启圣
• 臺啟／台启
• 茲啟者／兹启者
• 親啟／亲启
• 謝啟／谢启
• 警告啟事／警告启事
• 逕啟者／迳启者
• 通知啟事／通知启事
• 道歉啟事／道歉启事
• 鄂君啟節／鄂君启节
• 鈞啟／钧启
• 開啟／开启 (kāiqǐ)
• 鳴謝啟事／鸣谢启事

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Japanese

Kanji

啟

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): けい (kei)
• Kun: ひらく (hiraku), もうす (mousu)

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Korean

Hanja

啟 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye)

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Vietnamese

Han character

啟 (khải)

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