康

See also: 隶

康 U+5EB7, 康 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EB7 ← 庶 [U+5EB6] CJK Unified Ideographs 庸 → [U+5EB8]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

康 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈中水 (ILE), four-corner 0023₂, composition ⿸广隶)

Derived characters

• 𨝎, 𨻷, 㝩, 嫝, 嵻, 慷, 漮, 𠻞, 𡐓, 𡻚, 㱂, 槺, 䆲, 穅, 𤮊, 𥉽, 𥕎, 䗧, 糠, 躿, 𫂞, 𨄗, 𨎍, 鏮, 𩾌, 鱇, 𪏢

See also

• 隶 庚

References

• KangXi: page 347, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9376
• Dae Jaweon: page 658, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 891, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5EB7

Chinese

trad.		康
simp. #		康
alternative forms		𢊪 𥹺 𠭳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 康
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
唐	*ɡl'aːŋ
煻	*l'aːŋ
糖	*l'aːŋ
搪	*l'aːŋ
蓎	*l'aːŋ
瑭	*l'aːŋ
餹	*l'aːŋ
篖	*l'aːŋ
螗	*l'aːŋ
塘	*l'aːŋ
鶶	*l'aːŋ
赯	*l'aːŋ
磄	*l'aːŋ
溏	*l'aːŋ
傏	*l'aːŋ
鎕	*l'aːŋ
榶	*l'aːŋ
嵣	*l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs
庚	*kraːŋ
賡	*kraːŋ
鹒	*kraːŋ
康	*kʰlaːŋ
穅	*kʰlaːŋ
糠	*kʰlaːŋ
槺	*kʰlaːŋ
漮	*kʰlaːŋ
躿	*kʰlaːŋ
慷	*kʰlaːŋʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 庚 (“threshing tools”) + 米 (“rice”) – chaff.

The derivative 糠 refers to the original word.

Etymology

quiet, calm, peaceful

Schuessler (2007) compares 康 (OC *khâŋ) < *khlaŋ to Mizo tlan ~ tlang (“good, kindly, mild, calm, etc.”), both tentatively from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *klaŋ.

Kham

Borrowed from Tibetan ཁམས (khams).

"to look, to see"

Arose from mishearing of 好康 (hǎokāng, “rich; lucky; fortunate”) as 好看 (hǎokàn, “good-looking; worth seeing”) in a line of 《如果早知道男生也會被性侵》.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kāng (kang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hong¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hong¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): không

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kong¹

• Min Dong (BUC): kŏng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): khng / khong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kang¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kang
    • Wade–Giles: kʻang¹
    • Yale: kāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kang
    • Palladius: кан (kan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hong¹
    • Yale: hōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: không
    • Hakka Romanization System: kong´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰouŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khng / khong
    • Tâi-lô: khng / khong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qngf, qofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰŋ̍⁴⁴/, /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰŋ̍³³/, /kʰɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰŋ̍⁴⁴/, /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰŋ̍⁴⁴/, /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰŋ̍⁴⁴/, /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

• khng - vernacular (incl. surname);
• khong - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: kang¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khang
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: khang

Rime
Character	康
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦岡切
Baxter	khang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaŋ/
Li Rong	/kʰɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kʰɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤaŋ/, /*k-r̥ˤaŋ/, /*r̥ˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰlaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	康	康	康
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kāng	kāng	tāng
Middle Chinese	‹ khang ›	‹ khang ›	‹ thang ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁaŋ/	/*k-r̥ˁaŋ/	/*r̥ˁaŋ/
English	empty	tranquil; at ease	name of first Shang ruler
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	康
Reading #	1/1
No.	3981
Phonetic component	庚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	康
Old Chinese	/*kʰlaːŋ/

Definitions

康

1. peaceful and happy; tranquil
2. healthy; well; strong
3. prosperous; plentiful; abundant
4. broad; vast; smooth; level
5. (obsolete) hollow; empty
6. (obsolete) Original form of 糠 (kāng, “chaff; husk”).
7. (Chinese mythology) Tai Kang (third king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)

   Synonym: 太康 (Tài Kāng)

8. (Chinese mythology) Zhong Kang (fourth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)

   Synonym: 仲康 (Zhòng Kāng)

9. (Chinese mythology) Shao Kang (sixth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)

   Synonym: 少康 (Shào Kāng)

10. a surname

    康有為／康有为  ―  Kāng Yǒuwéi  ―  Kang Youwei

    1. (historical) a surname. given to people from the Central Asian country of Kangju (康居 or 康國／康国)
11. Kham (a historical region in Tibet)
12. (Internet slang) Alternative form of 看 (“to look; to see”)

Compounds

• 保康 (Bǎokāng)
• 保康縣／保康县
• 健康 (jiànkāng)
• 健康保險／健康保险 (jiànkāng bǎoxiǎn)
• 健康教育
• 健康檢查／健康检查
• 健康襪／健康袜
• 健康醋
• 健康食品 (jiànkāng shípǐn)
• 周康王
• 團康／团康
• 太康 (Tàikāng)
• 太康體／太康体
• 好康 (hǎokāng)
• 孫康映雪／孙康映雪
• 安康 (ānkāng)
• 安康計畫／安康计画
• 富強康樂／富强康乐
• 小康 (xiǎokāng)
• 小康社會／小康社会 (xiǎokāng shèhuì)
• 小康計畫／小康计画
• 少康 (Shào Kāng)
• 嵇康
• 川端康成
• 平康 (píngkāng)
• 平康坊
• 平康巷
• 平康里
• 平直康莊／平直康庄
• 康乃馨 (kāngnǎixīn)
• 康健 (kāngjiàn)
• 康克爾／康克尔 (Kāngkè'ěr)
• 康其 (Kāngqí)
• 康回 (Kānghuí)
• 康坪 (Kāngpíng)
• 康定 (Kāngdìng)
• 康定縣／康定县
• 康寧／康宁
• 康居 (Kāngjū)
• 康居園／康居园 (Kāngjūyuán)
• 康年
• 康康舞 (kāngkāngwǔ)
• 康強／康强
• 康復／康复 (kāngfù)
• 康復醫學／康复医学
• 康德 (Kāngdé)
• 康德主義／康德主义
• 康德黎
• 康有為／康有为
• 康梁
• 康樂／康乐 (kānglè)
• 康樂活動／康乐活动
• 康泰 (kāngtài)
• 康濟／康济
• 康濟錄／康济录
• 康熙 (Kāngxī)
• 康熙字典 (Kāngxī Zìdiǎn)
• 康爵
• 康瓠
• 康白度
• 康莊／康庄 (kāngzhuāng)
• 康莊大道／康庄大道 (kāngzhuāngdàdào)
• 康衢
• 康阜
• 康青
• 康黴素／康霉素
• 建康 (Jiànkāng)
• 德川家康
• 心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng)
• 成康之治
• 提康德羅加／提康德罗加 (Tíkāngdéluójiā)
• 政躬康泰
• 杜康 (dùkāng)
• 民康物阜
• 永康 (Yǒngkāng)
• 海康 (Hǎikāng)
• 盛康 (Shèngkāng)
• 福壽康寧／福寿康宁
• 西康省
• 速賜康／速赐康
• 酮康唑 (tóngkāngzuò)
• 靖康 (Jìngkāng)
• 靖康之難／靖康之难
• 靖康要錄／靖康要录
• 韓康賣藥／韩康卖药

 

See also

• 安多 (Ānduō)

References

• “Query for 康”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

康

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. peace

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: やすい (yasui, 康い)
• Nanori: やす (yasu)

Compounds

• 健康(けんこう) (kenkō): health

Proper noun

康(やすし) • (Yasushi) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

康 (eumhun 편안할 강 (pyeonanhal gang))

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Compounds

• 건강 (健康, geon'gang)
• 건강보험 (健康保險, geon'gangboheom)
• 강녕 (康寧, gangnyeong)
• 강건 (康健, ganggeon)

Vietnamese

Han character

康: Hán Nôm readings: khang, khăng, khương

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.