商
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
商 (radical 30 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜金月口 (YCBR), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱⿱亠丷冏)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 194, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3803
- Dae Jaweon: page 415, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 288, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5546
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
商 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 商
|
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|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (商) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 商 | *hljaŋ |
| 蔏 | *hljaŋ |
| 螪 | *hljaŋ |
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sông
- Min Dong (BUC): siŏng
- Min Nan (POJ): siong / siang
- Wu (Wiktionary): saan (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄤ
- Wade-Giles: shang1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shang
- IPA (key): /ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: sang1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sang
- IPA (key): /saŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: soeng1
- Yale: sēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: soeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: sêng1
- IPA (key): /sœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sông
- Hakka Romanization System: song´
- Hagfa Pinyim: song1
- IPA: /soŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siŏng
- IPA (key): /suoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: saan (T1)
- IPA (key): /sɑ̃⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 商 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 式羊切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɕɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɕiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɕiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɕɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɕiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɕĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɕi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shāng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 商 | 商 | 商 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shāng | shāng | shāng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ syang › | ‹ syang › | ‹ syang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*s-taŋ/ | /*s-taŋ/ | /*s-taŋ/ |
| English | musical note | (place name) | estimate; business; trader |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
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| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 商 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11097 |
| Phonetic component |
商 |
| Rime group |
陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
商 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hljaŋ/ |
Definitions[edit]
商
- trade; commerce; business
- businessman; dealer
- (mathematics) quotient
- (music) the second note in the Chinese pentatonic scale
- (～朝) Shang Dynasty
- to discuss; to consult
Coordinate terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 商
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
商
Readings[edit]
- Goon: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan’on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kun: あきなう (akinau, 商う, Jōyō)←あきなふ (akinafu, historical)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
- 農商 (nōshō): agriculture and commerce
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 商 |
| しょう Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi |
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 商 (syang, “commerce”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
商 (hiragana しょう, rōmaji shō, historical hiragana しやう)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
商 (thương)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Categories:
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- zh:Mathematics
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading あきな-う
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading あきな-ふ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しょう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しやう
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading しやう
- Japanese terms spelled with 商 read as しょう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 商
- ja:Arithmetic
- Korean lemmas
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