商
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
商 (radical 30 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜金月口 (YCBR), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱⿱亠丷冏)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 194, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3803
- Dae Jaweon: page 415, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 288, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5546
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
商 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 商 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (商) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 商 | *hljaŋ |
| 蔏 | *hljaŋ |
| 螪 | *hljaŋ |
Etymology[edit]
Traditionally it is considered that 商人 (shāngrén) is so named because this term originally refers to people from Shang dynasty, who tend to do business.
Schuessler, 2007 lists two possible origins:
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sông
- Min Bei (KCR): sióng
- Min Dong (BUC): siŏng
- Min Nan (POJ): siong / siang
- Wu (Wiktionary): saan (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄤ
- Wade-Giles: shang1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shang
- IPA (key): /ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: sang1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sang
- IPA (key): /saŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: soeng1
- Yale: sēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: soeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: sêng1
- IPA (key): /sœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sông
- Hakka Romanization System: song´
- Hagfa Pinyim: song1
- IPA: /soŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sióng
- IPA (key): /siɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siŏng
- IPA (key): /suoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: saan (T1)
- IPA (key): /sɑ̃⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 商 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 式羊切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɕɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɕiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɕiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɕɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɕiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɕĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɕi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shāng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 商 | 商 | 商 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shāng | shāng | shāng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ syang › | ‹ syang › | ‹ syang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*s-taŋ/ | /*s-taŋ/ | /*s-taŋ/ |
| English | musical note | (place name) | estimate; business; trader |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 商 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11097 |
| Phonetic component |
商 |
| Rime group |
陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
商 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hljaŋ/ |
Definitions[edit]
商
- trade; commerce; business
- businessman; dealer
- (mathematics) quotient
- (music) the second note in the Chinese pentatonic scale
- (～朝) Shang Dynasty
- to discuss; to consult
Coordinate terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 商
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
商
Readings[edit]
- Goon: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan’on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kun: あきなう (akinau, 商う, Jōyō)←あきなふ (akinafu, historical)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
- 農商 (nōshō): agriculture and commerce
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 商 |
| しょう Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi |
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 商 (syang, “commerce”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
商 (hiragana しょう, rōmaji shō, historical hiragana しやう)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
商 (thương)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しやう
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading しやう
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- ja:Arithmetic
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