氣

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See also: 气, 気, and 炁
氣 U+6C23, 氣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C23
← 氢
[U+6C22] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 氤 →
[U+6C24]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 氣
Shinjitai 気
Simplified 气

Han character[edit]

氣 (Kangxi radical 84, 气+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火木 (ONFD), four-corner 80917, composition ⿹气米)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 599, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17059
  • Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2011, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+6C23

Chinese[edit]

trad. 氣
simp. 气*
alternative forms
 
气
炁
𣱛
𣱖
𤽍
气
炁
𣱛
𣱖
𤽍
気
𣅠
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 氣 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 氣 (Cantonese)
  • 氣 (Classical)
  • Qi (English)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 氣
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
氣-slip.svg 氣-seal.svg 氣-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (气) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愾 *kʰɯːds, *qʰɯds
忾 *qʰrɯl
刏 *kɯl, *ɡɯl, *kuːls
汽 *kʰɯds
氣 *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds
气 *kʰɯds
忥 *qʰɯds
餼 *qʰɯds
鎎 *qʰɯds
熂 *qʰɯds
霼 *qʰɯds
犔 *qʰɯds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds): phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift.

Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: khùi - vernacular, khì - literary.
Note:
  • ki3 - literary;
  • kui3 - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 氣
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰi³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕʰji²¹³/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /hi⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hei³³/
    Nanning /hi³³/
    Hong Kong /hei³³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰi²¹/
    /kʰui²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɛi²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰi³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰi²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /xi³⁵/
    /xui³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 氣
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 微 (20)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 去旣切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰɨiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰɨiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰiəiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰɨjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰiəiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰĭəiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kʰe̯iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hei3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khjɨjH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.qʰəp-s/
    English cloudy vapors

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 10140
    Phonetic
    component         		气
    Rime
    group         		隊
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰɯds/

    Definitions[edit]

    氣

    1. air; gas
      天然氣／天然气  ―  tiānránqì  ―  natural gas
      出去透透氣！／出去透透气！  ―  Chūqù tòu tòuqì!  ―  Go out to breathe fresh air!
      輪胎漏氣了。／轮胎漏气了。  ―  Lúntāi lòu qì le.  ―  The tire is leaking gas.
    2. breath (Classifier: 口 m; 股 m; 啖 c)
      喘不過氣來／喘不过气来  ―  chuǎnbùguòqì lái  ―  to be out of breath
      我會戰鬥到最后一口氣。 [MSC, trad.]
      我会战斗到最后一口气。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ huì zhàndòu dào zuìhòu yī kǒu qì. [Pinyin]
      I will fight to my last breath.
    3. (Chinese philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine) qi; vital energy; life force
      元氣／元气  ―  yuánqì  ―  vital energy
      氣虛／气虚  ―  qì xū  ―  to be deficient in vital energy
    4. weather
      天氣／天气  ―  tiānqì  ―  weather
      氣候／气候  ―  qìhòu  ―  climate
    5. smell; odour
      氣味／气味  ―  qìwèi  ―  smell
      滿身酒氣／满身酒气  ―  mǎnshēn jiǔ qì  ―  to have the odor of alcohol all over one's body
    6. anger
      生氣／生气  ―  shēngqì  ―  to get angry
      消消氣／消消气  ―  xiāo xiāoqì  ―  to calm down
    7. to be angry
      我很氣。／我很气。  ―  Wǒ hěn qì.  ―  I'm very angry.
      氣哭了／气哭了  ―  qì kū le  ―  to cry because one was so mad
    8. to make angry; to annoy
      別氣我！／别气我！  ―  Bié qì wǒ!  ―  Don't annoy me!
    9. quality; character; spirit; mettle
      有男人氣／有男人气  ―  yǒu nánrén qì  ―  to be manly
      書生氣／书生气  ―  shūshēng qì  ―  bookishness
    10. vitality; vigor; morale; spirit
      氣概／气概  ―  qìgài  ―  mettle; lofty quality
      一鼓作氣／一鼓作气  ―  yīgǔzuòqì  ―  to accomplish in one vigorous effort
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 生氣 (“to be angry”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 怒
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 生氣
    Mandarin Beijing 生氣
    Taiwan 生氣
    Harbin 生氣
    Yantai (Muping) 生氣, 發氣, 發火兒, 惱火, 發毛, 毛火
    Jinan 生氣
    Luoyang 生氣
    Xi'an 生氣, 著氣
    Xining 生氣
    Ürümqi 生氣, 著氣
    Wuhan 慪氣, 慪, 起氣, 氣, 發氣
    Chengdu 慪氣, 慪, 生氣, 發氣
    Guiyang 生氣, 發氣
    Yangzhou 著氣, 見氣
    Nanjing 生氣
    Hefei 生氣
    Singapore 生氣
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 生氣
    Cantonese Guangzhou 發嬲, 嬲, 激氣
    Hong Kong 發嬲, 嬲, 激氣
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 怒氣, 發火, 谷氣
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 谷氣
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 惱
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 谷氣
    Macau 嬲
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 嬲
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 嬲
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 嬲
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 嬲
    Foshan 嬲
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 嬲
    Foshan (Shunde) 嬲
    Foshan (Sanshui) 發嬲
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 發嬲
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 嬲
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 嬲
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 嬲
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 嬲
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 嬲
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 嬲
    Taishan 嬲
    Kaiping (Chikan) 嬲
    Enping (Niujiang) 嬲
    Heshan (Yayao) 嬲
    Dongguan 谷氣
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 嬲
    Shaoguan 嬲
    Yunfu 嬲
    Yangjiang 激氣
    Xinyi 嬲
    Lianjiang 嬲
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 撞火
    Singapore (Guangfu) 嬲
    Yangon (Taishan) 嬲
    Mandalay (Taishan) 發氣
    Gan Nanchang 著氣
    Lichuan 發氣, 著氣
    Pingxiang 見氣, 發氣
    Hakka Meixian 激氣, 閼, 發譴
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 嬲
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 閼
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 嬲
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 嬲
    Wengyuan 閼
    Liannan 發性
    Conghua (Lütian) 發嬲
    Jiexi 閼
    Changting 氣
    Wuping (Yanqian) 惱, 發火
    Ninghua 生氣
    Yudu 發氣
    Ningdu 氣
    Tonggu (Sandu) 著氣
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 著急
    Dayu 發火
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 譴, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 譴, 發譴, 受氣
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 閼, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 譴, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 閼, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 氣, 發性, 受氣
    Hong Kong 發火
    Luchuan 火起
    Senai (Huiyang) 嬲
    Singapore (Dabu) 生氣
    Huizhou Jixi 發響, 見氣
    Jin Taiyuan 生氣
    Min Bei Jian'ou 燒色, 急
    Min Dong Fuzhou 受氣
    Min Nan Xiamen 受氣, 起歹面
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 受氣
    Zhao'an 生氣
    Taipei 受氣
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 受氣
    Kaohsiung 受氣
    Yilan 受氣
    Changhua (Lukang) 受氣, 惱氣
    Taichung 受氣
    Tainan 受氣
    Hsinchu 受氣
    Kinmen 受氣
    Penghu (Magong) 受氣
    Penang (Hokkien) 起癀
    Singapore (Hokkien) 受氣
    Manila (Hokkien) 受氣
    Chaozhou 生氣, 氣
    Shantou 生氣
    Jieyang 生氣
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 生氣
    Singapore (Teochew) 生氣, 氣
    Wu Shanghai 生氣, 見氣
    Suzhou 動氣, 氣
    Danyang 生氣, 見氣
    Wenzhou 生氣, 氣, 急
    Jinhua 生氣, 見氣
    Xiang Changsha 發氣, 見氣, 發脾氣
    Shuangfeng 發氣

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (氣):
    • → Japanese: 気(き) (ki)
    • → Korean: 기(氣) (gi)
    • → Vietnamese: khí (氣)
  • → English: chi, qi, ki
  • → Finnish: ki

    • Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 氣
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 微 (20)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 許旣切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hɨiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiəiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiəiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭəiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xe̯iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hei3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjɨjH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰət-s/
    English to present food

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 10143
    Phonetic
    component         		气
    Rime
    group         		隊
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰɯds/
    Notes 後作餼

    Definitions[edit]

    氣

    1. † Original form of 餼／饩 (xì, “to give food as a gift”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 氣

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		気

    Kyūjitai

    		氣

    Kanji[edit]

    氣

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 気)

    Readings[edit]

    • Go-on: け (ke)
    • Kan-on: き (ki)
    • Kun: いき (iki, 氣)

    Usage notes[edit]

    Not used in modern Japanese. Replaced by the shinjitai form 気.

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 氣 (MC kʰɨiH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 킝〮 (Yale: khúy)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 긔〮운〮 (Yale: kúywún) ᄭᅴ〮 (Yale: skúy)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    氣 (eumhun 기운 기 (giun gi))

    1. Hanja form? of 기 (“energy, aura, vitality, vigour”). [noun]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    氣: Hán Nôm readings: khí

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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