氣

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See also: 气, 気, and 炁
氣 U+6C23, 氣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C23
← 氢
[U+6C22] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 氤 →
[U+6C24]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 氣
Shinjitai 気
Simplified 气

Han character[edit]

氣 (radical 84, 气+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火木 (ONFD), four-corner 80917, composition ⿹气米)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 599, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17059
  • Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2011, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+6C23

Chinese[edit]

trad. 氣
simp. 气*
alternative forms 気
𣱛

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 氣
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
氣-slip.svg 氣-seal.svg 氣-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (气) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愾 *kʰɯːds, *qʰɯds
忾 *qʰrɯl
刏 *kɯl, *ɡɯl, *kuːls
汽 *kʰɯds
氣 *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds
气 *kʰɯds
忥 *qʰɯds
餼 *qʰɯds
鎎 *qʰɯds
熂 *qʰɯds
霼 *qʰɯds
犔 *qʰɯds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds): phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift.

Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: khùi - vernacular, khì - literary.
Note:
  • ki3 - literary;
  • kui3 - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 氣
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰi³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕʰji²¹³/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /hi⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hei³³/
    Nanning /hi³³/
    Hong Kong /hei³³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰi²¹/
    /kʰui²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɛi²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰi³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰi²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /xi³⁵/
    /xui³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 氣
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 微 (20)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 去旣切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰɨiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰɨiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰiəiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰɨjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰiəiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰĭəiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kʰe̯iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qì
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khjɨjH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.qʰəp-s/
    English cloudy vapors

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 10140
    Phonetic
    component         		气
    Rime
    group         		隊
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰɯds/

    Definitions[edit]

    氣

    1. air; gas
      天然氣 / 天然气  ―  tiānránqì  ―  natural gas
    2. breath (Classifier: 口 m; 股 m; 啖 c)
      喘不過氣來 / 喘不过气来  ―  chuǎnbùguòqì lái  ―  to be out of breath
    3. (Chinese philosophy) qi; vital energy; life force
    4. smell; odour
      氣味 / 气味  ―  qìwèi  ―  smell
    5. angriness
      生氣 / 生气  ―  shēngqì  ―  to get angry
    6. to get angry
      我很氣。 / 我很气。  ―  Wǒ hěn qì.  ―  I'm very angry.
    7. to make angry; to annoy
      別氣我！ / 别气我！  ―  Bié qì wǒ!  ―  Don't annoy me!
    8. to breathe
    9. quality; character; spirit; mettle
      有男人氣 / 有男人气  ―  yǒu nánrén qì  ―  manly

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 氣
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 微 (20)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 許旣切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hɨiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiəiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiəiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭəiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xe̯iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xì
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjɨjH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰət-s/
    English to present food

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 10143
    Phonetic
    component         		气
    Rime
    group         		隊
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰɯds/
    Notes 後作餼

    Definitions[edit]

    氣

    1. † Original form of 餼／饩 (xì, “to give food as a gift”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 氣

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (氣):
    • → Japanese: 気(き) (ki)
    • → Korean: 기 (氣, gi)
    • → Vietnamese: khí (氣)

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		気

    Kyūjitai

    		氣

    Kanji[edit]

    氣

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 気)

    Readings[edit]

    • Go-on: け (ke)
    • Kan-on: き (ki)
    • Kun: いき (iki, 氣)

    Usage notes[edit]

    Not used in modern Japanese. Replaced by the shinjitai form 気.

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    氣 (eumhun 기운 기 (giun gi))

    1. Hanja form? of 기 (“energy, aura, vitality, vigor”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    氣 (eumhun 보낼 희 (bonael hui))

    1. Hanja form? of 희 (“to send”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    氣 (khí)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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