味

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 昧
味 U+5473, 味
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5473
← 呲
[U+5472] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 呴 →
[U+5474]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character[edit]

味 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口十木 (RJD), four-corner 65090, composition ⿰口未)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 182, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3456
  • Dae Jaweon: page 401, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 597, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5473

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 味

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (未) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
寐 *mids
魅 *mrɯds
鬽 *mrɯds
昧 *mɯːds
妹 *mɯːds
眛 *maːds, *mɯːds
沬 *maːds, *hmɯːds, *mɯds
未 *mɯds
味 *mɯds
鮇 *mɯds
菋 *mɯds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mɯds): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 未 (OC *mɯds).

Etymology[edit]

Schuessler (2007) compared this word with Proto-Monic *[ʔ]məp ("good tasting, have a pleasant flavour, be pleasant") > Mon မိပ် (mìp, “to be happy, to enjoy”). Unger (1992) connects this with Tibetan བྲོད (brod) (< བྲོ (bro, “to taste”)). Also compare Korean 맛 (mat, “taste”) / 멋 (meot, “taste; charm”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: mei6-2 - classifier.
Note:
  • ê - taste, smell, food;
  • mê - (figurative) taste, fun, interest.
  • Min Nan
  • Wu
    • Note:
    • 3mi - colloquial;
    • 3vi - literary.
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 味
    Mandarin Beijing /uei⁵¹/
    Harbin /uei⁵³/
    Tianjin /vei⁵³/
    Jinan /vei²¹/
    Qingdao /ve⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /uei³¹²/
    Xi'an /vi⁴⁴/
    Xining /uɨ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /vei¹³/
    Lanzhou /vei¹³/
    Ürümqi /vei²¹³/
    Wuhan /uei³⁵/
    Chengdu /uei¹³/
    Guiyang /uei²¹³/
    Kunming /uei²¹²/
    Nanjing /uəi⁴⁴/
    Hefei /ue⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /vei⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /uei³⁵/
    Hohhot /vei⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /mi²³/
    /vi²³/
    Suzhou /vi³¹/
    /mi³¹/
    Hangzhou /vi¹³/
    Wenzhou /mei²²/
    Hui Shexian /ue²²/
    Tunxi /ue¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /uei⁵⁵/
    /uei¹¹/
    Xiangtan /uəi²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /ui²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /mi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /mui⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /mei²²/
    Nanning /mi²²/
    Hong Kong /mei²²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /bi²²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ɛi²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /mi⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /bi³¹/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /vi²³/
    Rime
    Character 味
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 微 (21)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 無沸切
    Baxter mj+jH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mʉiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/mʷɨiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/miuəiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/mujH/
    Li
    Rong         		/miuəiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/mĭwəiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/mwe̯iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wèi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		mei6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 味
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wèi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mjɨjH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m[ə]t-s/
    English taste (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 味
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12918
    Phonetic
    component         		未
    Rime
    group         		隊
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		未
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mɯds/

    Definitions[edit]

    味

    1. taste; flavor
    2. smell; odor (Classifier: 股 m; 𠹻 c)
      點解你間房好似有𠹻味嘅？ [Cantonese, trad.]
      点解你间房好似有𠹻味嘅？ [Cantonese, simp.]
      dim2 gaai2 nei5 gaan1 fong4-2 hou2 ci5 jau5 zam6 mei6 ge3? [Jyutping]
      Why does your room seem like there is some smell?
    3. food
      海味  ―  hǎiwèi  ―  seafood [i.e. taste of the sea]
    4. to taste; to reflect on; to experience
      品味  ―  pǐnwèi  ―  to taste; to appreciate
    5. interest; fun; taste
      意味  ―  yìwèi  ―  meaning
      趣味  ―  qùwèi  ―  fun; taste
    6. Classifier for ingredients of a Chinese medicine prescription.
    7. Classifier for dishes.
      今日味味餸都啱嗮我胃口。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      今日味味𩠌都啱嗮我胃口。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      gam1 jat6 mei6 mei6 sung3 dou1 ngaam1 saai3 ngo5 wai6 hau2. [Jyutping]
      Every dish here today is my kind of food.
      一魚幾味／一鱼几味 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 jyu4 gei2 mei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  one fish, several dishes
    8. (Cantonese) Classifier for things: kind; sort
      呢味嘢太惡搞喇。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      呢味嘢太恶搞喇。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ni1 mei6-2 je5 taai3 ok3 gaau2 laa3. [Jyutping]
      This kind of stuff is too hard to handle.
      原來你中意嗰味嘢嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      原来你中意嗰味嘢嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      jyun4 loi4 nei5 zung1 ji3 go2 mei6-2 je5 ge3. [Jyutping]
      So you like that kind of stuff.
    9. (particle physics) flavor

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 味道 (“taste; flavour”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 味
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 滋味, 味道, 風味, 口味
    Mandarin Beijing 味兒
    Taiwan 味道, 味
    Jinan 味兒
    Xi'an 味道
    Wuhan 味口, 味
    Chengdu 味道
    Guilin 味道
    Yangzhou 味道
    Hefei 味道
    Singapore 味道, 味
    Cantonese Guangzhou 味道, 味
    Hong Kong 味道, 味
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 味道
    Yangjiang 味
    Singapore (Guangfu) 味道, 味
    Gan Nanchang 味道
    Hakka Meixian 味道
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 味緒, 味道
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 味緒, 味道
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 味緒, 味道
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 味緒, 味道
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 味緒, 味道
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 味素, 味緒, 味道
    Hong Kong 味
    Singkawang 味
    Jin Taiyuan 味兒, 味道
    Min Bei Jian'ou 味道
    Min Dong Fuzhou 味
    Min Nan Xiamen 味, 味素
    Quanzhou 味, 味素
    Zhangzhou 味, 味素
    Penang (Hokkien) 味素
    Singapore (Hokkien) 味素, 味
    Manila (Hokkien) 味, 味素
    Chaozhou 味素, 味道, 味
    Jieyang 味, 味素
    Wu Shanghai 吃口
    Suzhou 味道
    Wenzhou 味道
    Xiang Changsha 味道
    Shuangfeng 味道
    Dialectal synonyms of 氣味 (“smell; odour”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 氣息, 臭味
    Mandarin Beijing 味兒
    Taiwan 味
    Jinan 味兒
    Xi'an 味兒, 味氣
    Wuhan 氣味, 氣色
    Chengdu 氣氣, 味道
    Yangzhou 味道
    Hefei 味道, 氣味
    Cantonese Guangzhou 味, 𡃴
    Hong Kong 味, 𡃴
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 𡃴
    Yangjiang 味, 𡃴
    Gan Nanchang 氣味
    Hakka Meixian 味道, 氣味
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 味道, 氣味
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 味道, 氣味
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 味道, 氣味
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 味道, 氣味
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 味道, 氣味
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 味道, 氣味
    Hong Kong 味
    Jin Taiyuan 味氣
    Min Bei Jian'ou 味道, 氣色
    Min Dong Fuzhou 味
    Min Nan Xiamen 味, 味素
    Quanzhou 味, 味素
    Zhangzhou 味
    Singapore (Hokkien) 味, 味素, 峇羽
    Manila (Hokkien) 味, 味素
    Chaozhou 味, 味素, 羶, 氣味
    Wu Suzhou 味道, 氣味
    Wenzhou 氣道
    Xiang Changsha 氣色, 味道, 氣味
    Shuangfeng 氣色, 氣

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 味

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (味):
    • → Japanese: 味(み) (mi)
    • → Vietnamese: vị (味)

    Others:

    • → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *hmeiᴴ (“taste; to try”)
    • → Vietnamese: mùi (“smell”)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    味

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    味
    あじ
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi

    /adi/ → /ad͡ʑi/ → /aʑi/

    From Old Japanese.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Adjective[edit]

    味(あじ) • (aji) ←あぢ (adi)?-na (adnominal 味(あじ)な (aji na), adverbial 味(あじ)に (aji ni))

    1. clever, smart, witty
    2. mysterious, strange
    Inflection[edit]
    Inflection of 味
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形) 味だろ あじだろ aji daro
    Continuative (連用形) 味で あじで aji de
    Terminal (終止形) 味だ あじだ aji da
    Attributive (連体形) 味な あじな aji na
    Hypothetical (仮定形) 味なら あじなら aji nara
    Imperative (命令形) 味であれ あじであれ aji de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 味ではない
    味じゃない         		あじではない
    あじじゃない         		aji de wa nai
    aji ja nai
    Informal past 味だった あじだった aji datta
    Informal negative past 味ではなかった
    味じゃなかった         		あじではなかった
    あじじゃなかった         		aji de wa nakatta
    aji ja nakatta
    Formal 味です あじです aji desu
    Formal negative 味ではありません
    味じゃありません         		あじではありません
    あじじゃありません         		aji de wa arimasen
    aji ja arimasen
    Formal past 味でした あじでした aji deshita
    Formal negative past 味ではありませんでした
    味じゃありませんでした         		あじではありませんでした
    あじじゃありませんでした         		aji de wa arimasen deshita
    aji ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 味で あじで aji de
    Conditional 味なら（ば） あじなら（ば） aji nara (ba)
    Provisional 味だったら あじだったら aji dattara
    Volitional 味だろう あじだろう aji darō
    Adverbial 味に あじに aji ni
    Degree 味さ あじさ ajisa
    Classical conjugation of "味なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Stem forms
    Irrealis (未然形) 味なら あぢなら adinara
    Continuative (連用形) 味に[1]
    味なり[2]    		 あぢに
    あぢなり    		 adini
    adinari
    Terminal (終止形) 味なり あぢなり adinari
    Attributive (連体形) 味なる あぢなる adinaru
    Realis (已然形) 味なれ あぢなれ adinare
    Imperative (命令形) 味なれ あぢなれ adinare
    Key constructions
    Negative 味ならず あぢならず adinarazu
    Contrasting conjunction 味なれど あぢなれど adinaredo
    Causal conjunction 味なれば あぢなれば adinareba
    Conditional conjunction 味ならば あぢならば adinaraba
    Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 味なりき あぢなりき adinariki
    Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 味なりけり あぢなりけり adinarikeri
    Adverbial 味に あぢに adini
    [1]Without auxiliary verb.
    [2]With auxiliary verb.

    Noun[edit]

    味(あじ) • (aji) ←あぢ (adi)?

    1. a flavour (UK)/flavor (US), taste
      • 2006 April 9, Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)ピリオド [Armed Alchemy: The End]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 10, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
        食(た)べる？ママの味(あじ)　正(せい)確(かく)にはママの出(で)来(き)損(そこ)ないの成(な)れの果(は)ての味(あじ)
        Taberu? Mama no aji Seikaku ni wa mama no dekisokonai no nare no hate no aji
        You want some? It has my mom’s taste. Well, actually it has the taste of my failed attempts at cloning her taste.
      Synonym: 味覚 (mikaku)
    2. feeling, sensation
      Synonym: 感触 (kanshoku)
    3. experience, taste
      Synonym: 味わい (ajiwai)
    4. charm
    5. (go) aji, the ‘flavour’ or lingering possibilities of a position
      味(あじ)が悪(わる)い
      aji ga warui
      there is bad aji
      (literally, “the flavour is bad”)
    6. (go) bad aji, a lingering weakness in a position
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    味
    み
    Grade: 3
    goon

    From Middle Chinese 味 (MC mʉiH).

    Also used in Old Japanese as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨mi2⟩.

    Affix[edit]

    味(み) • (mi) 

    1. flavor, taste
    2. tasting, savoring
    3. taste, savor
    4. Alternative spelling of 身 (mi): body part
    Derived terms[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    味(み) • (mi) 

    1. a flavour (UK)/flavor (US), taste
      Synonym: 味覚 (mikaku)
    Derived terms[edit]

    Counter[edit]

    味(み) • (-mi) 

    1. counter for kinds of food, drink, medicine, etc.

    Suffix[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 味 – see the following entry.
    【み】H
    [suffix] 味: (after an i-adjective stem) -ness; used for "quality" of being, as opposed to suffix さ (sa), also translated as -ness, used for "degree" of being
    (This term, 味, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    味 (eumhun 맛 미 (mat mi))

    1. Hanja form? of 미 (“taste”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Old Japanese[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 味 (MC mʉiH).

    Noun[edit]

    味 (adi) (kana あぢ)

    1. flavor, flavour
    Derived terms[edit]
    Descendants[edit]
    • Japanese: 味 (aji)
    See also[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Prefix[edit]

    味 (uma-) (kana うま)

    1. Alternative spelling of 甘 (kan, “かん”)
    Derived terms[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    味: Hán Nôm readings: vị, mùi, mồi

    1. Nôm form of mùi (“smell; scent”).
    2. chữ Hán form of vị (“taste; flavor”).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=味&oldid=72293934"