形容詞

See also: 形容词

Chinese

		to describe; facial appearance; looks to describe; facial appearance; looks; countenance	word; phrase; classical Chinese poem
trad. (形容詞)		形容	詞
simp. (形容词)		形容	词

Chinese Wikipedia has an article on:

形容詞 / 形容词

Wikipedia ^zh

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xíngróngcí

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄘˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jing⁴ jung⁴ ci⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yen³ yuung³ lhu³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hìn-yùng-chhṳ̀

(Hailu, HRS): hin rhung cii
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hing² oeng² so² / hing² yoeng² so²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hêng-iông-sû

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xíngróngcí
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄘˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: síngróngcíh
  - Wade–Giles: hsing²-jung²-tzʻŭ²
  - Yale: syíng-rúng-tsź
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngrongtsyr
  - Palladius: синжунцы (sinžuncy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jing⁴ jung⁴ ci⁴
  - Yale: yìhng yùhng chìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴ jung⁴ tsi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴ yung⁴ qi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹ jʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yen³ yuung³ lhu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jen²² jɵŋ²² ɬu²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hìn-yùng-chhṳ̀
  - Hakka Romanization System: hin^ˇ iung^ˇ cii^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hin² yung² ci²
  - Sinological IPA: /hin¹¹ i̯uŋ¹¹ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hìn-yùng-chhṳ̀
  - Hakka Romanization System: hin^ˇ (r)iung^ˇ cii^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hin² yung² ci²
  - Sinological IPA: /hin¹¹ (j)i̯uŋ¹¹ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: hin rhung cii
  - Sinological IPA: /hin⁵⁵ ʒuŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hing² oeng² so² [Phonetic: hing⁵ oeng⁵ so²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: híng-é̤ng-seó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ œŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ɬo¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hing² yoeng² so² [Phonetic: hing⁵ yoeng⁵ so²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ yøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ɬo²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-iông-sû
  - Tâi-lô: hîng-iông-sû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: heng'iongsuu
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³⁻³³ su²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su²⁴/

Noun

形容詞

(grammar) adjective

Derived terms

指示形容詞 / 指示形容词 (zhǐshì xíngróngcí)
關係形容詞 / 关系形容词

Japanese

Kanji in this term
形	容	詞
けい Grade: 2	よう Grade: 5	し Grade: 6
kan'on

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

形容詞

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Japanese adjectives § i-adjectives

Wikipedia

Etymology

From 形(けい)容(よう) (keiyō, “description; form”) + 詞(し) (-shi, “word; part of speech”).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

First cited to 1870.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けーよーし [kèéyóꜜòshì] (Nakadaka – [3])^[3]^[5]^[4]
IPA^(key): [ke̞ːjo̞ːɕi]

Noun

形(けい)容(よう)詞(し) • (keiyōshi)

[from 1870] (grammar) an い-adjective: specific to Japanese grammar, an adjective with an attributive form that ends in い (-i)
[after 1870] (grammar) (more generally, such as in another language) an adjective
形(けい)容(よう)詞(し)の格(かく)変(へん)化(か)
keiyōshi no kakuhenka
adjectival declension

所(しょ)有(ゆう)形(けい)容(よう)詞(し)
shoyū keiyōshi
a possessive adjective

フランス語(ご)の形(けい)容(よう)詞(し)及(およ)び名(めい)詞(し)は、男(だん)性(せい)形(けい)と女(じょ)性(せい)形(けい)がある。
Furansu-go no keiyōshi oyobi meishi wa, danseikei to joseikei ga aru.
French adjectives and nouns have masculine and feminine forms.

Usage notes

In Japanese grammar, 形(けい)容(よう)詞(し) (keiyōshi) refers to a specific class of 用(よう)言(げん) (yōgen, “inflectable words”), with a specific inflection. Historically, they include words whose 終(しゅう)止(し)形(けい) (shūshikei, “final form”) ends with し (shi) and whose 連(れん)体(たい)形(けい) (rentaikei, “attributive form”) ends with き (ki). In standard modern Japanese, both forms now end with い (i) (hence the alternate name "i-adjective"). Other endings occur in some dialects. 形(けい)容(よう)詞(し) (keiyōshi) contrast with other classes of words with adjectival functions, such as 形(けい)容(よう)動(どう)詞(し) (keiyō dōshi, “na-adjectives”, literally “adjectival verbs”), 連(れん)体(たい)詞(し) (rentaishi, “adnominals”), and attributive nouns with the particle の (no).

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “形容詞”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ “形容詞”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
形	容	詞

Noun

形容詞 • (hyeongyongsa) (hangeul 형용사)

hanja form^? of 형용사 (“adjective”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
形	容	詞

Noun

形容詞

chữ Hán form of hình dung từ (“adjective”)

[KDJ2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 “形容詞”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DDJS-2] “形容詞”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[DJR-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-5] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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[2]

[3]

[4]

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