ク活用

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
かつ
Grade: 2
よう
Grade: 2
kan'on

Etymology

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From (-ku, the 未然形 (mizenkei, incomplete form) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem form) of adjectival suffix (-shi)) +‎ 活用 (katsuyō, declension, inflection).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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活用(かつよう) (ku katsuyōくくわつよう (kukwatuyou)?

  1. (Classical Japanese grammar) an adjective inflection class for some classical adjectives ending in -shi:
Archaic 未然形
Irrealis
連用形
Adverbial
終止形
Conclusive
連体形
Attributive
已然形
Realis
命令形
Imperative
清し (kiyoshi, clear) (kiyoku)
から (kiyokara)
清く (kiyoku)
かり (kiyokari)
(kiyoshi) (ki1yo1ki1 → kiyoki)
かる (kiyokaru)
けれ (ki1yo1ke1re → kiyokere) かれ (kiyokare)
高し (takashi, high, tall) 高く (takaku)
高から (takakara)
高く (takaku)
高かり (takakari)
高し (takashi) 高き (takaki1 → takaki)
高かる (takakaru)
高けれ (takake1re → takakere) 高かれ (takakare)
良し (yoshi, good) 良く (yoku)
良から (yokara)
良く (yoku)
良かり (yokari)
良し (yoshi) 良き (yo2ki1 → yoki)
良かる (yokaru)
良けれ (yo2ke1re → yokere) 良かれ (yokare)

The subscripts in the table above indicate differences in vowel class that were already being lost in Old Japanese. It remains unclear what those different vowel classes may have meant. See the Syllables section in the Wikipedia article on Old Japanese for more details.

Usage notes

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN