形容動詞

Chinese

		to describe; facial appearance; looks to describe; facial appearance; looks; countenance	verb
trad. (形容動詞)		形容	動詞
simp. (形容动词)		形容	动词
Literally: “adjectival verb”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xíngróng dòngcí

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xíngróng dòngcí
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: síngróng dòngcíh
    • Wade–Giles: hsing²-jung² tung⁴-tzʻŭ²
    • Yale: syíng-rúng dùng-tsź
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngrong donqtsyr
    • Palladius: синжун дунцы (sinžun duncy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/

Noun

形容動詞

1. (grammar) adjectival noun (in Japanese grammar)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
形	容	動	詞
けい Grade: 2	よう Grade: 5	どう Grade: 3	し Grade: 6
on’yomi

Alternative forms

• 形動(けいどう) (keidō) (abbreviation)

Etymology

Compound of 形容 (keiyō, “description; form”) +‎ 動詞 (dōshi, “verb”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) けーよーど​ーし [kèéyóó dóꜜòshì] (Nakadaka – [5])
• IPA^(key): [ke̞ːjo̞ː do̞ːɕi]

Noun

形(けい)容(よう)動(どう)詞(し) • (keiyō dōshi) 

1. (grammar) a -na adjective: specific to Japanese grammar, an adjective with an attributive form that ends in な (​-na)

Usage notes

English-language labels for this part of speech are various, and include adjective, adjectival noun, the literal translation of adjectival verb, copular noun, "-na" adjective, and quasi-adjective.

Although this term contains the word 動詞 (dōshi, “verb”) and some sources compare them to verbs, some people feel that there is nothing intrinsically verb-like about these words in the modern language. Historically, this appellation probably arose due to certain inflectionary endings that derived from verbs, such as なる (naru, homophonic with naru "to become", but actually derived as a contraction of ni aru "to be (in a certain state)").

Japanese has three classes of words that correspond to adjectives in English: 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi), 形容詞 (keiyōshi), and 連体詞 (rentaishi). There are no generally accepted English translations for these parts of speech, and varying texts adopt different translations. Note that some western texts call 形容詞 (keiyōshi) "adjectival verbs", so take caution when using the literal translation of 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi).

In more practical and less academic texts, all three of these parts of speech are broadly called “adjectives”, with explanations given for how each type functions.

Synonyms

• (adjective, in the broad sense of a word that modifies a noun):
  • 形容詞(けいようし) (keiyōshi): adjective, -i adjective
  • 連体詞(れんたいし) (rentaishi): true adjective, adnominal

See also

• Category:Japanese な-na adjectives
• (parts of speech) 品(ひん)詞(し) (hinshi); 冠(かん)詞(し) (kanshi, “article”), 感(かん)動(どう)詞(し) (kandōshi, “interjection”), 形(けい)容(よう)詞(し) (keiyōshi, “adjective”), 形(けい)容(よう)動(どう)詞(し) (keiyō dōshi, “adjectival noun”), 数(すう)詞(し) (sūshi, “numeral”), 接(せつ)続(ぞく)詞(し) (setsuzokushi, “conjunction”), 前(ぜん)置(ち)詞(し) (zenchishi, “preposition”), 代(だい)名(めい)詞(し) (daimeishi, “pronoun”), 動(どう)詞(し) (dōshi, “verb”), 副(ふく)詞(し) (fukushi, “adverb”), 名(めい)詞(し) (meishi, “noun”) ^{(Category: ja:Parts of speech)}

References

• Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Further reading

• 形容動詞 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja
• Japanese adjectives on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Korean

Hanja in this term
形	容	動	詞

Noun

形容動詞 • (hyeong'yongdongsa) (hangeul 형용동사)

1. Hanja form^? of 형용동사 (“(grammar) adjectival noun in Japanese grammar”).