間
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]間 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓日 (ANA), four-corner 77607, composition ⿵門日)
Derived characters
[edit]- 僴, 𭂠, 墹, 𡢃(㛠), 𡼏, 𢢀(𫺒), 𢵧, 澗(涧), 𣊺, 𬛖, 橺(𱣤), 𭮣, 𤏐(𭴳), 𤩎, 瞷(𬑗), 磵, 𥼴, 𦅘, 𦗬, 𧒄, 襇(裥), 𧢑, 𧬘, 𧯑, 𨅍(𨁴), 𨣉(𬪫), 鐧(锏), 𩻾, 𪙨, 覸, 𩴦, 鷼, 𪪢, 癎, 蕳(𫈉), 簡(简), 鬝, 𪧶
- 㗴 (Exception: Only for Japanese character form which contains ⿰口間. Other regional forms contain ⿰口閒 instead)
Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1333, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41249
- Dae Jaweon: page 1839, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4288, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9593
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 間 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 间 | |
alternative forms | 閒 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 間 | ||
---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 門 (“door”) + 日 (“sun”). Originally 閒, moonlight (月) peeking through a door (門) – interstice; space.
Etymology
[edit]The two pronunciations are related, with Pronunciation 2 (間 (OC *kreːns)) being the exoactive of Pronunciation 1 (間 (OC *kreːn)).
Related to:
- 隙 (OC *kʰraɡ, “crack; chink”), 澗 (OC *kreːns, *kraːns, “ravine; brook (between mountains)”) (Wang, 1982);
- 閒 (OC *ɡreːn, “lazy; leisure”) (Karlgren, 1957; Baxter, 1992).
Externally, likely related to Mizo kâr (“space between; interval”), Burmese ကြား (kra:, “in-between; interval; interim”), အကြား (a.kra:, “gap; break”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jian1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җян (ži͡an, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaan1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): gan1
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): gaan1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jie1
- Northern Min (KCR): gáing
- Eastern Min (BUC): găng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ke; 1ci
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gan1 / ga1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jian
- Wade–Giles: chien1
- Yale: jyān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jian1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gian
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җян (ži͡an, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiæ̃⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaan1
- Yale: gāan
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaan1
- Guangdong Romanization: gan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan³³/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: gaan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên
- Hakka Romanization System: gienˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân
- Hakka Romanization System: gianˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯an²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gáing
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
- Tâi-lô: king
- Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kuinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvuy
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kuĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Tong'an, Kinmen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kainn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvay
- IPA (Tong'an, Kinmen): /kãi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
- keng/kuiⁿ/kaiⁿ - vernacular (“room, classifier”);
- kan - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: goin1 / gain1 / gang1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: koiⁿ / kaiⁿ / kang
- Sinological IPA (key): /kõĩ³³/, /kãĩ³³/, /kaŋ³³/
Note:
- goin1/gain1 - vernacular (“room, classifier”) (gain1 - Jieyang, Chaoyang);
- gang1 - literary.
Note:
- 1ke - vernacular;
- 1ji - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: gan1 / ga1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan³³/, /ka̠³³/
- (Changsha)
Note: ga1 - in 中間子.
- Middle Chinese: kean
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤre[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kreːn/
Definitions
[edit]間
- within a definite time period or place
- among; between
- a moment; a little while; instant
- room; chamber
- section of a room; lateral space between two pairs of pillars
- Classifier for smallest units of housing, such as rooms and shopfronts.
- 一座城市需要一間女性書店 [MSC, trad.]
- From: ~2020s, sign in 馨巢書屋 (Xinchao Bookstore), Shanghai, translated in 2023 Nov 3, The Bookstore Giving Shanghai’s Women a Room of Their Own, Fan Yiying and Liu Shuhuan, Sixth Tone
- yī zuò chéngshì xūyào yī jiān nǚxìng shūdiàn [Pinyin]
- A city needs a women's bookstore
一座城市需要一间女性书店 [MSC, simp.]
- (chiefly Cantonese) Classifier for buildings in general, including schools, banks, cinemas, hospitals, shops, factories.
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 一念之間/一念之间 (yīniànzhījiān)
- 一時之間/一时之间
- 一時間/一时间 (yīshíjiān)
- 一瞬間/一瞬间 (yīshùnjiān)
- 三度空間/三度空间
- 三維空間/三维空间
- 不在人間/不在人间
- 不時間/不时间
- 不間不架/不间不架
- 不間不界/不间不界
- 世間/世间 (shìjiān)
- 中間/中间 (zhōngjiān)
- 中間人/中间人 (zhōngjiānrén)
- 中間商/中间商
- 中間地帶/中间地带 (zhōngjiān dìdài)
- 中間宿主/中间宿主
- 中間派/中间派 (zhōngjiānpài)
- 中間產品/中间产品
- 中間砧木/中间砧木
- 九間房/九间房 (Jiǔjiānfáng)
- 五陰世間/五阴世间
- 亭子間/亭子间 (tíngzijiān)
- 伯仲之間/伯仲之间
- 俯仰之間/俯仰之间 (fǔyǎngzhījiān)
- 停屍間/停尸间 (tíngshījiān)
- 其間/其间 (qíjiān)
- 冷藏間/冷藏间
- 凡間/凡间 (fánjiān)
- 初間/初间
- 北京時間/北京时间 (Běijīng Shíjiān)
- 區間/区间 (qūjiān)
- 區間車/区间车 (qūjiānchē)
- 十畝之間/十亩之间
- 午間/午间 (wǔjiān)
- 單間/单间 (dānjiān)
- 器世間/器世间
- 四度空間/四度空间
- 坊間/坊间 (fāngjiān)
- 坐間/坐间
- 堂間處燕/堂间处燕
- 塵間/尘间 (chénjiān)
- 墦間/墦间
- 墦間酒肉/墦间酒肉
- 夏令時間/夏令时间
- 外間/外间 (wàijiān)
- 夜間/夜间 (yèjiān)
- 夜間部/夜间部
- 大菜間/大菜间
- 天上人間/天上人间 (tiānshàng rénjiān)
- 天地世間/天地世间
- 天地間/天地间 (tiāndìjiān)
- 太平間/太平间 (tàipíngjiān)
- 套間/套间 (tàojiān)
- 字裡行間/字里行间 (zìlǐhángjiān)
- 季孟之間/季孟之间
- 家間/家间
- 尖峰時間/尖峰时间
- 居間/居间 (jūjiān)
- 工間操/工间操
- 席間函丈/席间函丈
- 年間/年间 (niánjiān)
- 廁身其間/厕身其间
- 廣廈萬間/广厦万间
- 彈指之間/弹指之间
- 往常間/往常间
- 房間/房间 (fángjiān)
- 方寸之間/方寸之间
- 明間/明间
- 時間/时间 (shíjiān)
- 時間性/时间性 (shíjiānxìng)
- 時間藝術/时间艺术
- 時間表/时间表 (shíjiānbiǎo)
- 時間醫學/时间医学
- 時間電價/时间电价
- 晚間/晚间 (wǎnjiān)
- 晨間/晨间
- 暗間兒/暗间儿 (ànjiānr)
- 月間/月间
- 有情世間/有情世间
- 期間/期间 (qījiān)
- 桑間之音/桑间之音 (sāngjiānzhīyīn)
- 桑間濮上/桑间濮上 (sāngjiānpúshàng)
- 梢間/梢间
- 標準時間/标准时间 (biāozhǔn shíjiān)
- 此間/此间 (cǐjiān)
- 每常間/每常间
- 民間/民间 (mínjiān)
- 民間信仰/民间信仰 (mínjiān xìnyǎng)
- 民間合會/民间合会
- 民間團體/民间团体
- 民間工藝/民间工艺
- 民間文學/民间文学
- 民間歌舞/民间歌舞
- 民間藝術/民间艺术
- 洗手間/洗手间 (xǐshǒujiān)
- 淺間山/浅间山
- 游戲人間/游戏人间
- 滿世間/满世间
- 漏刻之間/漏刻之间
- 濮上桑間/濮上桑间
- 濠濮間想/濠濮间想
- 無意間/无意间 (wúyìjiān)
- 猛然間/猛然间
- 環球時間/环球时间
- 甕間吏部/瓮间吏部
- 生存空間/生存空间 (shēngcún kōngjiān)
- 生活空間/生活空间
- 白日間/白日间
- 相對時間/相对时间
- 眉間尺/眉间尺
- 眉間赤/眉间赤
- 瞬息之間/瞬息之间
- 瞬間/瞬间 (shùnjiān)
- 瞬間目標/瞬间目标
- 矢石之間/矢石之间
- 視覺空間/视觉空间 (shìjué kōngjiān)
- 種間雜交/种间杂交
- 空間/空间 (kōngjiān)
- 空間主義/空间主义 (kōngjiānzhǔyì)
- 空間分析/空间分析
- 空間圖形/空间图形
- 空間感/空间感
- 空間時代/空间时代
- 空間曲線/空间曲线
- 空間美/空间美
- 空間藝術/空间艺术
- 窗間過馬/窗间过马
- 立談之間/立谈之间
- 籬壁間物/篱壁间物
- 終食之間/终食之间
- 絕對時間/绝对时间
- 網頁空間/网页空间
- 翻手之間/翻手之间 (fān shǒu zhī jiān)
- 老年間/老年间
- 肋間肌/肋间肌 (lèjiānjī)
- 胞間層/胞间层
- 胞間連絲/胞间连丝 (bāojiānliánsī)
- 舍間/舍间
- 花間集/花间集
- 草間求活/草间求活
- 虛擬空間/虚拟空间 (xūnǐ kōngjiān)
- 行間/行间 (hángjiān)
- 衣帽間/衣帽间 (yīmàojiān)
- 裡間/里间 (lǐjiān)
- 趕時間/赶时间 (gǎn shíjiān)
- 跳間/跳间 (tiàojiān)
- 轉眼之間/转眼之间
- 巡指間/巡指间
- 這其間/这其间
- 遊戲人間/游戏人间
- 適間/适间 (shìjiān)
- 鄉間/乡间 (xiāngjiān)
- 鄉間小路/乡间小路
- 鄭衛桑間/郑卫桑间
- 酒吧間/酒吧间 (jiǔbājiān)
- 錄音間/录音间
- 間奏/间奏 (jiānzòu)
- 間奏曲/间奏曲 (jiānzòuqǔ)
- 開房間/开房间 (kāi fángjiān)
- 開放空間/开放空间
- 間架/间架 (jiānjià)
- 間腦/间脑 (jiānnǎo)
- 間量/间量
- 開間/开间
- 間關/间关
- 陡然間/陡然间
- 陰間/阴间 (yīnjiān)
- 陽間/阳间 (yángjiān)
- 隔間/隔间 (géjiān)
- 驀忽間/蓦忽间
- 黃金時間/黄金时间 (huángjīn shíjiān)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kam
- Eastern Min (BUC): gáng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ci
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
- Wade–Giles: chien4
- Yale: jyàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaan3
- Yale: gaan
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaan3
- Guangdong Romanization: gan3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kam
- Hakka Romanization System: gam
- Hagfa Pinyim: gam4
- Sinological IPA: /kam⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gáng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɑŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note: gain3 - Jieyang, Chaoyang.
- Middle Chinese: keanH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤre[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kreːns/
Definitions
[edit]間
- opening; gap; break
- estrangement; alienation; hostility
- spy; secret agent
- to keep away from; to keep apart
- to separate; to partition
- to alternate; to do something alternately
- to be mixed up with; to be intermingled
- to sow discord
- to blame; to reproach
- intermittently; sometimes
- in secret; clandestinely
Compounds
[edit]- 一間/一间
- 乖間/乖间
- 乘間/乘间 (chéngjiàn)
- 乘間投隙/乘间投隙
- 內間/内间
- 半間不界/半间不界
- 反間/反间 (fǎnjiàn)
- 反間細作/反间细作
- 反間計/反间计 (fǎnjiànjì)
- 反間諜/反间谍 (fǎnjiàndié)
- 合作無間/合作无间 (hézuòwújiàn)
- 少間/少间
- 得間/得间
- 挑撥離間/挑拨离间 (tiǎobōlíjiàn)
- 有間/有间
- 未達一間/未达一间
- 為間/为间
- 無間/无间 (wújiàn)
- 熟間/熟间
- 物我無間/物我无间
- 當間/当间
- 疏不間親/疏不间亲
- 病間/病间
- 相間/相间 (xiāngjiàn)
- 親密無間/亲密无间
- 讒間/谗间
- 遠不間親/远不间亲
- 間不容息/间不容息
- 間不容髮/间不容发
- 間作/间作 (jiànzuò)
- 間入/间入
- 間出/间出
- 間別/间别
- 間壁/间壁
- 間或/间或 (jiànhuò)
- 間捕/间捕
- 間接/间接 (jiànjiē)
- 間接成本/间接成本
- 間接推理/间接推理
- 間接推論/间接推论
- 間接正犯/间接正犯
- 間接民權/间接民权
- 間接灸/间接灸
- 間接照明/间接照明
- 間接稅/间接税
- 間接經驗/间接经验 (jiànjiē jīngyàn)
- 間接證據/间接证据
- 間接貿易/间接贸易 (jiànjiē màoyì)
- 間接選舉/间接选举 (jiànjiē xuǎnjǔ)
- 間斷/间断
- 間斷不繼/间断不继
- 間日/间日
- 間有/间有
- 間條掃描/间条扫描
- 間歇/间歇 (jiànxiē)
- 間歇噴泉/间歇喷泉
- 間歇泉/间歇泉 (jiànxiēquán)
- 間歇湖/间歇湖
- 間歇熱/间歇热 (jiànxiērè)
- 間歲/间岁
- 間深裡/间深里
- 間胺黃/间胺黄
- 間色/间色
- 間行/间行 (jiànxíng)
- 間裂/间裂
- 間諜/间谍 (jiàndié)
- 間諜戰/间谍战
- 間諜船/间谍船
- 間道/间道 (jiàndào)
- 間闊/间阔
- 間阻/间阻
- 間隙/间隙 (jiànxì)
- 間隔/间隔
- 間隔號/间隔号 (jiàngéhào)
- 間雜/间杂 (jiànzá)
- 陰陽間隔/阴阳间隔
- 隱間/隐间
- 離間/离间 (líjiàn)
Pronunciation 3
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
- Wade–Giles: chien3
- Yale: jyǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]間
References
[edit]- “間”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #9175”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
[edit]間 | |
閒 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Japanese_ryakuji_KAN.png/100px-Japanese_ryakuji_KAN.png)
Kanji
[edit]間
(Second grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 閒)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kun: あいだ (aida, 間, Jōyō); ま (ma, 間, Jōyō); あい (ai, 間); あわい (awai, 間); はざま (hazama, 間); うかがう (ukagau, 間う); しずか (shizuka, 間か); ひそかに (hisokani, 間かに)
- Nanori: ちか (chika)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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間 |
あいだ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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間 |
ま Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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間 |
あい Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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間 |
かん Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 間/间 (kɛn, “interval”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]- space; interval; among; between
- extent; scope
- hidden; invisible
- Alternative spelling of 閑 (kan, “free time”)
Noun
[edit]Suffix
[edit]- suffixes some expressions of time to tell duration rather than time or date
- 二時 ― ni-ji ― two (o'clock)
- 二時間 ― ni-jikan ― two hours
- 二時五分 ― ni-ji go-fun ― five past two
- 五分(間) ― go-fun (kan) ― five minutes
- 二日 ― futsuka ― the 2nd (day of the month)
- 二日(間) ― futsuka (kan) ― two days
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
間 |
はざま Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]間: Hán Nôm readings: gian, dán, gián
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References
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