-kan
See also: Appendix:Variations of "kan"
Bambara
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-kan
Derived terms
[edit]Garo
[edit]Affix
[edit]-kan
- 3rd person imperative, let it
- tusikan
- let him sleep
Indonesian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -ken (Java Bazzar Malay)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Malay -kan, from Proto-Malayic *-kən, shortened form of Proto-Malayic *akən. Cognate with Karo Batak -ken and Toba Batak -hon. Doublet of akan (“will (future tense auxiliary)”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-kan (non-active/imperative/basic -kan, active meng- -kan, passive di- -kan)
- used to indicate transitive imperative beneficial verbs
- Belikan aku sebatang pensil!
- Buy me a pencil!
- used to indicate transitive imperative causative verb, from an intransitive verb base: to order and cause the object to perform [base]
- Bangunkan Siti!
- Wake up Siti!
- used to indicate transitive imperative instrumental verb, from an intransitive verb base
- Tikamkan belati ini ke perut harimau itu!
- Thrust this knife into that tiger’s belly!
- used to indicate transitive imperative locative verb, from a noun base.
- Pasarkan buku itu!
- Take that book to the market!
- Gudangkan kursi ini!
- Take this chair into the warehouse!
- used to indicate transitive imperative causative verb, from a noun base.
- Korbankan dia!
- Sacrifice him!
Usage notes
[edit]- When this suffix is combined with the prefixes meng-, di-, ter-, and ke-, the imperative aspect is lost.
Derived terms
[edit]Combined affixes
Further reading
[edit]- “-kan”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]-kan
Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Malayic *-kən, shortened form of Proto-Malayic *akən. Related to akan (“will (future tense auxiliary)”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-kan (Jawi spelling -کن, formal active meng- -kan, 3rd person passive di- -kan)
- Used to indicate transitive verbs:
- Gives a causative meaning of causing something to become the base word.
- sedih (“sad”) + -kan → sedihkan (“to sadden, to make sad”)
- Cerita ini menyedihkan Adam sehingga dia ternangis.
- This story saddened Adam to the point that he cried.
- Kalau kau buat tu, nanti kau sedihkan mak ayah kau je doh.
- If you do that, you'll only make your parents sad.
- 1371 CE [c. 1296–1316 CE], Kadi Hasan, Hikayat Bayan Budiman (fiction), translation of Tutinama by Ziya' al-Din Nakhshabi (in Persian); transcribed from Jawi script into the Latin alphabet Ekawati Ekawati, Doni Setiyawan, editors, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, 2016, →ISBN:
- Sebagai pemimpin, Raja Bayan menyampaikan idenya kepada bayan-bayan yang lain.
- Like a leader, King Parrot told his plan to the other parrots.
- Forms a ditransitive verb that has a benefactive meaning of doing the base word for the benefit of someone or something else.
- beli (“to buy”) + -kan → belikan (“to buy someone something”)
- Adam membelikan emaknya buku ini.
- Adam bought his mum this book.
- Adam, mintak belikan adik kamu makanan sekejap.
- Adam, can you buy your little brother some food for a bit.
- 1303 CE, Terengganu Inscription Stone:
- داٮع ٮرىكں، كامڡ[تْ]اورع ٮرٯهوٮع
- Datang berikan. Keempat orang berpiutan
- Come hither. The fourth for debtors.
- (with duplicated, reciprocal verbs) Forms a benefactive, transitive version of the base verb for the benefit of one another.
- Gives a causative meaning of causing something to become the base word.
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- -i (causative, locative)
Navajo
[edit]Stem
[edit]-kan
- Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations:
Aspect Imperfective Perfective Future Iterative Optative Neuter -KĄĄD (sweet)
Ojibwe
[edit]Noun
[edit]-kan (obligatorily possessed)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/nikan-nid
Pipil
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-kan
- Forms nouns from verbs or adjectives
Further reading
[edit]- Campbell, L. (1985). The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton De Gruyter. p.48
Turkish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-kan
Categories:
- Bambara lemmas
- Bambara suffixes
- bm:Language
- Garo lemmas
- Garo affixes
- Garo terms with usage examples
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian doublets
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/an
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian suffixes
- Indonesian terms with usage examples
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/kan
- Rhymes:Malay/an
- Malay lemmas
- Malay suffixes
- Malay terms with usage examples
- Malay terms with quotations
- Navajo lemmas
- Navajo stems
- Ojibwe lemmas
- Ojibwe nouns
- Ojibwe inanimate nouns
- Ojibwe dependent inanimate nouns
- oj:Body parts
- Pipil lemmas
- Pipil suffixes
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish non-lemma forms
- Turkish suffix forms