莧

See also: 苋 and 萈

莧 U+83A7, 莧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83A7 ← 莦 [U+83A6] CJK Unified Ideographs 莨 → [U+83A8]

Translingual

Han character

莧 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+7, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, Cangjie input 廿月山山 (TBUU), four-corner 4421₆, composition ⿱艹見)

Usage notes

• This character contains the grass radical (艹) and is not to be confused with visually similar 萈 (U+8408) which contains the ram's horn component (⻀) and an additional 丶 stroke on the top right of 儿 below 目.

Derived characters

• 𦎽, 寛, 𪢯

Related characters

• 苋 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1035, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31074
• Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3218, character 3
• Unihan data for U+83A7

Chinese

trad.		莧
simp.		苋

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 莧
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (見) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
涀	*ɡeːlʔ, *kʰeːns, *ɡeːns
莧	*ɡreːns
粯	*ɡreːns
晛	*ŋl'eːns, *ɡeːnʔ
筧	*keːnʔ
絸	*keːnʔ
垷	*keːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ
挸	*keːnʔ
見	*keːns, *ɡeːns
俔	*kʰeːns, *ɡeːnʔ
蜆	*kʰeːns, *qʰeːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ
硯	*ŋɡeːn, *ŋɡeːns
峴	*ɡeːnʔ
哯	*ɡeːnʔ
睍	*ɡeːnʔ
現	*ɡeːns

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jin⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): han⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): han

  (Hailu, HRS): han^˖

  (Meixian, Guangdong): han⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): háing / hiêng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): he⁵ / hae⁵ / hinn⁵ / henn⁵ / heng⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hēng / hāng / hūiⁿ / hěng / hiān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hoin⁷ / hain⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
    • Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
    • Yale: syàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
    • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jin⁶
    • Yale: yihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: han⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /han²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: han
    • Hakka Romanization System: han
    • Hagfa Pinyim: han⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /han⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: han^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /han³³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: han⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /han⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: háing / hiêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haiŋ²¹³/, /hiɛŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: he⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hā̤ⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /he¹¹/
  • (Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hae⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hinn⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩ²¹/
  • (Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: henn⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hẽ²¹/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: heng⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hēng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: heng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛŋ²¹/

Note:

• he5/hae5/hinn5/henn5 - vernacular;
• heng5 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Taichung, Tainan, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēng
    • Tâi-lô: hīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: heng
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /hiɪŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāng
    • Tâi-lô: hāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hang
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /haŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kinmen): /haŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: huīnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hvui
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /huĩ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hěng
    • Tâi-lô: hǐng
    • Sinological IPA (Lukang): /hiɪŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiān
    • Tâi-lô: hiān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hien
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɛn³³/

Note:

• hēng/hāng/hěng - vernacular;
• hiān - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: hoin⁷ / hain⁷
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hōiⁿ / hāiⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hõĩ¹¹/, /hãĩ¹¹/

Note: hain7 - Jieyang.

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• Middle Chinese: heanH

Rime
Character	莧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	侯襇切
Baxter	heanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚænH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣænH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨnH/
Li Rong	/ɣɛnH/
Wang Li	/ɣænH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣănH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haan6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	莧
Reading #	1/1
No.	6185
Phonetic component	見
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡreːns/
Notes	見爾雅

Definitions

莧

1. edible amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor)

Compounds

• 林地莧 / 林地苋 (líndìxiàn)
• 莧菜 / 苋菜 (xiàncài)
• 野莧菜 / 野苋菜
• 馬齒莧 / 马齿苋 (mǎchǐxiàn)

References

• “莧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “苋（～菜）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 210.

Japanese

Kanji

莧

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. amaranth; amaranthus

Readings

• Go-on: けん (ken)、げん (gen)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)
• Kun: ひゆ (hiyu, 莧)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
莧
ひゆ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [çijɯ̟]
• (Tokyo) ひゆ [híꜜyù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) ひゆ [hìyú] (Heiban – [0])

Noun

莧(ひゆ) or 莧(ヒユ) • (hiyu) 

1. Amaranthus tricolor (Joseph's coat); tampala, specifically Amaranthus tricolor var. mangostanus

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Derived terms

• 犬莧(イヌビユ) (inubiyu): Amaranthus blitum
• 針莧(ハリビユ) (haribiyu): Amaranthus spinosus
• 滑莧(スベリヒユ) (suberihiyu): Portulaca oleracea

See also

• 葉鶏頭(ハゲイトウ) (hageitō, “subsp. tricolor”)

Korean

Hanja

莧 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, Yale hyen)

1. (비름): amaranth, amaranthus

Vietnamese

Han character

莧: Hán Nôm readings: hiện

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation