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現

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 现
現 U+73FE, 現
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-73FE
← 珽
[U+73FD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 珿 →
[U+73FF]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Japan

Han character

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現 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+7, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 一土月山山 (MGBUU), four-corner 16110, composition ⿰𤣩見)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 732, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21004
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1143, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1116, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+73FE

Chinese

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trad. 現
simp. 现
alternative forms 見／见

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (見) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涀 *ɡeːlʔ, *kʰeːns, *ɡeːns
莧 *ɡreːns
粯 *ɡreːns
晛 *ŋl'eːns, *ɡeːnʔ
筧 *keːnʔ
絸 *keːnʔ
垷 *keːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ
挸 *keːnʔ
見 *keːns, *ɡeːns
俔 *kʰeːns, *ɡeːnʔ
蜆 *kʰeːns, *qʰeːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ
硯 *ŋɡeːn, *ŋɡeːns
峴 *ɡeːnʔ
哯 *ɡeːnʔ
睍 *ɡeːnʔ
現 *ɡeːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡeːns): semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 見 (OC *keːns, *ɡeːns) — to appear.

Etymology

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Stativized form of the transitive verb 見 (OC *keːns, “to see”), formed by a nasal prefix and expressing the sense "to be visible; to appear" (Mei, 2012).

Pronunciation

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Note: hiàn - vernacular, probably substitute for 獻.
Note:
  • hing7 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping;
  • hêng7 - Jieyang;
  • hiang7 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
Note:
  • xienn5 - vernacular;
  • xienn4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 現
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 先 (85)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 胡甸切
    Baxter henH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦenH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦenH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣɛnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦɛnH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣenH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣienH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ɣienH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jin6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 現
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ henH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*N-[k]ˁen-s/
    English appear

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 現
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6207
    Phonetic
    component         		見
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		見
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡeːns/
    Notes 俗同見

    Definitions

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    現

    1. present; current
      現階段／现阶段  ―  xiàn jiēduàn  ―  the present stage
    2. to appear; to manifest; to become visible
    3. on the spot; then and there
      現學現賣／现学现卖  ―  xiànxuéxiànmài  ―  immediately wielding new knowledge
      現切現賣／现切现卖  ―  xiàn qiē xiàn mài  ―  freshly portioned and directly sold
      現充羽絨被／现充羽绒被  ―  xiàn chōng yǔróngbèi  ―  duvet filled on the spot
    4. ready; on hand
      現金／现金  ―  xiànjīn  ―  cash
      現貨／现货  ―  xiànhuò  ―  merchandise in stock
    5. cash
      兌現／兑现  ―  duìxiàn  ―  to cash (a cheque, etc.)
      套現／套现 [Cantonese]  ―  tou3 jin6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to cash out
    6. (Southern Min) clear; plain; distinct

    Compounds

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    現

    (Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. present
    2. existing

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    現
    げん
    Grade: 5
    goon

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    現(げん) • (gen) 

    1. present reality; what actually exists now
    Derived terms
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    Prefix

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    現(げん) • (gen-) 

    1. present; current
    Derived terms
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    Japanese terms prefixed with 現 read as げん
    現時点
    現住所
    現存在
    現段階

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    現
    うつ(つ)
    Grade: 5
    kun'yomi

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    現(うつつ) • (utsutsu) 

    1. reality or consciousness, as opposed to a dream state or unconsciousness
      夢(ゆめ)と現(うつつ)の間(あいだ)
      yume to utsutsu no aida
      in between dreams and reality
      • 2003 January 27, Mashiba, Shin, “第(だい)八(はち)夜(や)　合(アワセ)鏡(カガミ)（後(コウ)編(ヘン)) [Night 8: Mirror within Mirror (Last Chapter)]”, in 夢(ゆめ)喰(くい)見(けん)聞(ぶん) [The Dream-Eating Inspector], volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Square Enix, page 7:
        さあ　眠(ねむ)れしばし現(うつつ)にお別(わか)れだ
        Sā nemure shibashi utsutsu ni owakare da
        Well then, say goodbye to reality for the time being, and go to sleep
    Derived terms
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    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (2016), NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 [New NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
    3. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Further reading

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    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese 現 (MC henH).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation

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    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [çɘ(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [현(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    現 (eumhun 나타날 현 (natanal hyeon))

    1. hanja form? of 현 (“appear”)
    2. hanja form? of 현 (“current; present; existing”)

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    現: Hán Nôm readings: hiện, hẹn, kén

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