侯

侯 U+4FAF, 侯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FAF ← 侮 [U+4FAE] CJK Unified Ideographs 侰 → [U+4FB0]

See also: 候 and 矦

Translingual

Han character

侯 (radical 9 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人弓一大 (ONMK), four-corner 2723₄, composition ⿰亻⿳𠃍一矢 or ⿰亻⿳乛一矢)

Derived characters

• 喉, 猴, 堠, 帿, 瘊, 睺, 篌, 糇, 緱/缑, 葔, 鍭/𬭤, 餱/𫗯, 鄇, 㢿, 㬋, 㮢, 䂉, 䗔, 䙈, 䞀/𬥽, 䫛, 翭, 鯸, 䳧/𪃶/𫛺, 𠋫, 𡗁, 𡟑, 𡹵, 𪹍, 𢜵, 𢰡, 𣣠, 𤧝, 𤬈, 𥀃, 𦑤, 𦞈, 𧇹, 𧩨, 𧯁, 𨂸, 𩃺, 𩋴, 𩘋, 𩩵, 𪈱, 𪑻

References

• KangXi: page 103, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 633
• Dae Jaweon: page 218, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 167, character 1
• Unihan data for U+4FAF

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		侯
alt. forms		矦 (ancient form) 𥎦 (ancient form) 𬾗 (historical variant) 𬾃 (historical variant)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 侯
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script
Oracle bone script j13283 j13284 j13285 j13286 j13287 j13288 j13289 j13290 j13291 j13292 j13293 j13294 j13295 j13296 j13297 j13298 j13299 j13300 j13301 j13302 j13303 j13304 j13305 j13306 j13307 j13308 j13309 j13310 j13311 j13312 j13313 j13314 j13315 j13316 j13317 j13318 j13319 j13320 j13321 j13322 j13323 j13324 j13325 j13326 j13327 j13328 j13329 j13330 j13331 j13332 j13333 j13334 j13335 j13336 j13337 j13338 j13339 j13340 j13341 j13342 j13343 j13344 j13345 j13346 j13347 j13348 j13349 j13350 j13351 j13352 j13353 j13354 j13355 j13356 j13357 j13358 j13359 j13360 j13361 j13362 j13363 j13364 Bronze inscriptions b08167 b08168 b08169 b08170 b08171 b08172 b08173 b08174 b08175 b08176 b08177 b08178 b08179 b08180 b08181 b08182 b08183 b08184 b08185 b08186 b08187 b08188 b08189 b08190 b08191 b08192 b08193 b08194 b08195 b08196 b08197 b08198 b08199 b08200 b08201 b08202 b08203 b08204 b08205 b08206 b08207 b08208 b08209 b08210 b08211 b08213 b08214 b08215 b08216 b08217 b08218 b08219 b08220 b08221 b08222 b08223 b08224 b08225 b08226 b08227 b08228 b08229 b08230 b08231 b08232 b08233 b08234 b08235 b08236 b08237 b08238 b08239 b08240 b08241 b08242 b08243 b08244 b08245 b08246 b08247 b08248 Large seal script L33678 L33679 L33680 L33681 L33682 L33683 L33684 L33685 L33686 L33687 L33688 L12079 L12080 L12081 L12082 L12083 L12084 L12085 L12086 L12087 L12088 L12089 L12090 L12091 L12092 L12093 L12094 L12095 L12096 L12097 L12098 L12099 L12100 L12101 L12102 Small seal script s05793
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (large seal) and Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (侯) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
緱	*koː, *koː
侯	*ɡoː
喉	*ɡoː
猴	*ɡoː
瘊	*ɡoː
篌	*ɡoː
糇	*ɡoː
帿	*ɡoː
睺	*ɡoː, *ɡoːs
矦	*ɡoː
餱	*ɡoː
翭	*ɡoː
葔	*ɡoː
鄇	*ɡoː, *ɡoːs
鍭	*ɡoː, *ɡoːs
鯸	*ɡoː
候	*ɡoːs
堠	*ɡoːs

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hóu (hou²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hau⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): hiô / hô͘ / kâu / hâu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: hóu
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄡˊ
    • Wade-Giles: hou²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hour
    • IPA ^(key): /xoʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hau⁴
    • Yale: hàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: heo⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /hɐu̯²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiô
    • Tâi-lô: hiô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiooi
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hio²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
    • Tâi-lô: hôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kâu
    • Tâi-lô: kâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaau
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kaʊ²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kaʊ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaʊ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâu
    • Tâi-lô: hâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haau
    • IPA (Taipei): /haʊ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /haʊ²³/

Note:

• hiô/hô͘ - literary;
• kâu/hâu - vernacular.

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 侯
Mandarin	Beijing	/xou³⁵/
	Harbin	/xou²⁴/
	Tianjin	/xou⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/xou⁴²/
	Qingdao	/xou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xou⁴²/
	Xi'an	/xou²⁴/
	Xining	/xɯ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xəu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/xou⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xɤu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xəu³¹/
	Guiyang	/xəu²¹/
	Kunming	/xəu³¹/
	Nanjing	/xəɯ²⁴/
	Hefei	/xɯ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xəu¹³/
	Hohhot	/xəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦɤ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦei²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦau³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/xiu⁴⁴/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/xəu¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɦəɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/hɛu²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/heu¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/heu¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐu²¹/
	Nanning	/hɐu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/hɐu²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hɔ³⁵/ /kau³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hɛu⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/e²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hou⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hɔu³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦəu/▼

Rime
Character	侯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸鉤切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦəu/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəu/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəw/
Li Rong	/ɣu/
Wang Li	/ɣəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hóu

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoː/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	侯
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hóu
Middle Chinese	‹ huw ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˤ(r)o/
English	feudal lord
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	侯
Reading #	1/1
No.	5139
Phonetic component	侯
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡoː/
Notes	矦隸變

Definitions

侯

1. marquis, lord
2. A surname​.

Compounds

• 侯爵 (hóujué)

• 王侯 (wánghóu)

• 諸侯／诸侯 (zhūhóu)

References

• “Query for 侯”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

侯

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. marquis
2. lord
3. daimyo

Readings

• Goon: ぐ (gu)
• Kan’on: こう (kō)
• Kun: まと (mato), きみ (kimi)

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Korean

Hanja

侯 • (hu, hye)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 후, 혜 (revised: hu, hye, McCune-Reischauer: hu, hye, Yale: hwu, hyey)
  • Name (hangeul): 제후, 어조사 혜

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

侯 (hậu, hầu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation