鉤

See also: 鈎 and 钩

鉤	U+9264, 鉤 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9264

← 鉣
[U+9263]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鉥 →
[U+9265]

Translingual[edit]

References[edit]

KangXi: page 1302, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40319
Dae Jaweon: page 1804, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4188, character 6
Unihan data for U+9264

Chinese[edit]

trad.		鉤/鈎
simp.		钩
2nd round simp.		勾
nonstandard simp.		𰽭
alternative forms		句

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 鉤
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
勾	koː, koːs
鉤	*koː
鴝	koː, ɡo
句	koː, koːs, kos, ɡo
夠	koː, koːs, *kʰoː
枸	koː, koːʔ, *koʔ
軥	koː, koːs, *ɡo
狗	*koːʔ
苟	*koːʔ
岣	koːʔ, ko
笱	*koːʔ
玽	*koːʔ
耇	*koːʔ
豿	koːʔ, qʰroːɡ
敂	*koːʔ
怐	koːs, kʰoːs, qʰoːs, kos
雊	*koːs
竘	kʰoːʔ, kʰoʔ
齁	*qʰoː
呴	qʰoːʔ, qʰos
蚼	qʰoːʔ, ɡo
豞	*qʰoːs
訽	qʰoːs, ɡoːs
佝	*qʰoːs
拘	*ko
駒	*ko
眗	*ko
跔	*ko
鮈	*ko
痀	*ko
蒟	koʔ, kos
絇	kos, ɡo
邭	*kos
劬	*ɡo
朐	*ɡo
鼩	*ɡo
斪	*ɡo
翑	*ɡo
葋	*ɡo
姁	ɡo, qʰo, qʰoʔ, qʰos
欨	qʰo, qʰoʔ
喣	*qʰoʔ
煦	qʰoʔ, qʰos
昫	*qʰos

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōu (gou¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau¹, gau¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiêu

(Meixian, Guangdong): gêu¹
Min Dong (BUC): gău
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kau / ko͘ / kio

(Teochew, Peng'im): gao¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gou
  - Wade–Giles: kou¹
  - Yale: gōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gou
  - Palladius: гоу (gou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngau¹, gau¹
  - Yale: ngāu, gāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngau¹, gau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngeo¹, geo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐu̯⁵⁵/, /kɐu̯⁵⁵/

Note: gau1 - rare.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiêu
  - Hakka Romanization System: gieu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gieu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gêu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /keu⁴⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gău
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kau
  - Tâi-lô: kau
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kau⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kau³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘
  - Tâi-lô: koo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kof
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kio
  - Tâi-lô: kio
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kioy
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kio³³/

Note:

kau - vernacular;
ko͘/kio - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gao¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kau
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³³/

Middle Chinese: /kəu/

Rime
Character	鉤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古侯切
Baxter	kuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəu/
Pan Wuyun	/kəu/
Shao Rongfen	/kəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəw/
Li Rong	/ku/
Wang Li	/kəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/kə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kˤ](r)o/

(Zhengzhang): /*koː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鉤
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōu
Middle Chinese	‹ kuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[kˁ](r)o/
English	hook
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鉤
Reading #	1/1
No.	7062
Phonetic component	句
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	鉤
Old Chinese	/*koː/

Definitions[edit]

鉤

hook; barb
- 彼竊鉤者誅，竊國者為諸侯，諸侯之門，而仁義存焉，則是非竊仁義聖知邪？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  彼窃钩者诛，窃国者为诸侯，诸侯之门，而仁义存焉，则是非窃仁义圣知邪？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Bǐ qiè gōu zhě zhū, qiè guó zhě wèi zhūhóu, zhūhóu zhī mén, ér rén yì cún yān, zé shì fēi qiè rén yì shèng zhì yé? [Pinyin]
  Here is one who steals a hook (for his girdle) - he is put to death for it: here is another who steals a state - he becomes its prince. But it is at the gates of the princes that we find benevolence and righteousness (most strongly) professed - is not this stealing benevolence and righteousness, sageness and wisdom?
sickle
stroke with
checkmark
(Chinese calligraphy) a hook (such as in ㇠, ㇆, ㇚, or ㇟)
(regional, card games) jack (J)

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 鉤兒 (“jack (playing cards)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Mandarin	Beijing	鉤兒
	Luoyang	鉤, 十一
	Zhengzhou	鉤, 十一
	Xi'an	丁子
	Ürümqi	丁鉤兒
	Wuhan	鉤子, 鉤, 鉤鉤, 孫子
	Guiyang	鉤鉤, 鉤, 夾鉤
	Liuzhou	歐
	Xuzhou	丁鉤兒, 甲鉤兒
	Yangzhou	茄鉤, 傑鉤
	Nanjing	丁鉤
Cantonese	Guangzhou	積
	Hong Kong	積
	Taishan	積
	Wuzhou	積
	Yulin	鉤
Gan	Nanchang	鉤
	Lichuan	鉤子
	Pingxiang	鉤子, 鉤
Hakka	Yudu	鉤子
Huizhou	Jixi	丁鉤
Jin	Taiyuan	鉤子
Min Nan	Xiamen	丁
Min Nan	Shantou	丁
Wu	Shanghai (Chongming)	斜鉤
Wu	Suzhou	茄杠

Coordinate terms[edit]

(basic character strokes) 點／点 (diǎn), 橫／横, 豎／竖 (shù), 提, 捺 (nà), 撇, 折, 鉤／钩 (gōu), 彎／弯 (wān), 斜

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 鉤

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

鉤

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: こう (kō)
Kun: かぎ (kagi, 鉤); かける (kakeru, 鉤ける)

Etymology[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

鉤

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
鉤
かぎ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) かぎ [kàgíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡʲi]

Noun[edit]

鉤(かぎ) • (kagi)

hook

References[edit]

^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

鉤 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

鉤: Hán Nôm readings: câu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[1]

鉤

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Coordinate terms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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