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折

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 拆 and 摺
折 U+6298, 折
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6298
← 抗
[U+6297] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 抙 →
[U+6299]

Translingual

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Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character

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折 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, Cangjie input 手竹一中 (QHML), four-corner 52021, composition ⿰扌斤)

Derived characters

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Additional derived characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 422, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11890
  • Dae Jaweon: page 770, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1838, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6298

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 折
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (折) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
晢 *ʔljeds, *ʔljed
狾 *ʔljeds
誓 *ɦljeds
逝 *ɦljeds
銴 *ɢljeds, *ɢʷleds
折 *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed
娎 *hleːws, *qʰred
哳 *ʔr'eːd
踅 *sɢʷled
哲 *ʔl'ed
蜇 *ʔl'ed
悊 *ʔl'ed
嚞 *ted
喆 *ted
硩 *l̥ʰed, *l̥ʰeːɡ
浙 *ʔljed
晣 *ʔljed
焎 *hred

Originally 㪿, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): ⿱屮屮 (“a tree 木 cut in half”) + 斤 (“axe”) – an axe cutting a tree in half.

In the current form, the left side has become 扌 (“hand”).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 折
alternative forms
㪿 original
𣂚
𣂹／𣂲／𣂟／𣂫 large seal script
斨
扸
㪿 original
𣂚
𣂹／𣂲／𣂟／𣂫 large seal script
斨
扸
摺 historical
 

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tset (“to cut off; to sever; to break”).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • siĕk - vernacular;
  • ciék - literary.
Note:
  • si7 - vernacular (e.g. 拍折);
  • zeh6 - literary (e.g. 曲折).
Note:
  • chi̍h - vernacular (“to break off”);
  • chek - vernacular;
  • chiat - literary (“to convert into; classifier for discount; having more benefits”).
Rime
Character 折
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 薛 (81)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 旨熱切
Baxter tsyet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciat̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭɛt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯ɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhe
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zit3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 折
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyet ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tet/
English bend; break (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 折
Reading # 2/3
No. 16947
Phonetic
component 		折
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		晢
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔljed/
Definitions
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折

  1. to break off; to snap; to pluck off
  2. to bend; to twist
  3. to turn back; to change direction
  4. to lose; to suffer the loss of
  5. to die (young)
  6. to convert into; to amount to
  7. to admire; to be convinced
  8. to trade; to exchange
  9. to censure; to blame
  10. difficulty; obstacle
  11. (Cantonese) to discount
    呢度折咗之後大概係三百蚊。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢度折咗之后大概系三百蚊。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 dou6 zit3 zo2 zi1 hau6 daai6 koi3 hai6 saam1 baak3 man1. [Jyutping]
    These items are around 300 dollars after discounting.
  12. (Cantonese) discount
    呢件衫冇折。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    ni1 gin6 saam1 mou5 zit3. [Jyutping]
    There is no discount on this clothing item.
  13. (Hokkien) having more benefits than harms; worthwhile; profitable; reasonably priced
  14. Classifier for discount.
    打九折  ―  dǎ jiǔ zhé  ―  ten percent off (or discount to ninety percent of the original price)
  15. Classifier for folds.
  16. Classifier for theatrical scenes.
  17. (Chinese calligraphy) a change in direction of a stroke (such as in ㇕, ㇉, or ㇜)
  18. (Chinese opera) an act.
  19. (historical, Ming and Qing dynasties) short for 奏折 (zòuzhé), memorial to the emperor (folded in accordion form); imperial memorial.
  20. a surname, Zhe
Usage notes
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In Chinese, discounts are expressed in number of tenths of the original price instead of percentage off.

For discounts not in tenths, 點／点 (diǎn, “decimal point”) is omitted, e.g. 七五折 (qīwǔ zhé) means 75% of the original price, i.e. 25% off.

Synonyms
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  • (discount): 扣 (kòu)
  • (having more benefits):
Coordinate terms
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Compounds
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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 折
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 薛 (81)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 常列切
Baxter dzyet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑiᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑjæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑiat̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭɛt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯ɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shé
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sit6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 折
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzyet ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-tet/
English bend (v.i.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 折
Reading # 3/3
No. 16951
Phonetic
component 		折
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		折
Old
Chinese 		/*ɦljed/
Definitions
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折

  1. (intransitive, usually of long objects) to break, snap
  2. to be at a (financial) loss
  3. a surname, She
Compounds
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Pronunciation 3

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Definitions
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折 (colloquial)

  1. to turn over; to flip
  2. to pour out; to tip something out
Compounds
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Etymology 2

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Possibly an erroneous form of 提, which is a phonetic loan of 媞 (OC *deː, *deːʔ, *djeʔ). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 折
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 杜奚切
Baxter dej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dei/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dei/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɛi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dɛj/
Li
Rong 		/dei/
Wang
Li 		/diei/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱiei/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tai4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 折
Reading # 1/3
No. 16937
Phonetic
component 		折
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		嗁
Old
Chinese 		/*l'eːl/

Definitions
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折 (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese)

  1. only used in 折折 (“peaceful”)

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 折 – see 摺 (“to destroy; to fold; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified form of 摺).
Notes:

Further reading

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Japanese

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Kanji

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折

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. to break, snap; to bend
  2. to break (spirit, momentum, etc.); to be frustrated
  3. to split, divide (into two halves)
  4. to die
  5. occasion, opportunity
  6. to decide, judge
  7. to criticize, reproach

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
折
おり
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 折 – see the following entry.
【おり】
[noun] (the act of) folding
[noun] a fold (where something has been folded)
[noun] a small box made of thin wood or cardboard
[noun] occasion; time
[verb] stem or continuative form of おる (oru) [godan]
Alternative spelling
折り
(This term, 折, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Korean

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Pronunciation 1

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Hanja

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折 (eumhun 꺾을 절 (kkeokkeul jeol))

  1. to snap, break
  2. to discount
  3. to be snapped, be broken
  4. to compromise
  5. to decide, judge
  6. to scold
  7. to examine; to criticize; to slander
  8. to cut, split
  9. to tear
  10. to die early
  11. appearing bright
  12. altar

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Hanja

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折 (eumhun 천천히 할 제 (cheoncheonhi hal je))

  1. to do slowly
  2. appearing comfortable

Pronunciation 3

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Hanja

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折 (eumhun 다시 이을 설 (dasi ieul seol))

  1. to reconnect (after cutting)

Pronunciation 4

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Hanja

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折 (eumhun 접을 접 (jeobeul jeop))

  1. to fold
  2. to bend

Vietnamese

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Hán-Nôm

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折: Hán Việt readings: chiết (之(chi)列(liệt)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], đề[8], triếp[3], triệp[3]
折: Nôm readings: chết[1][2][3][4][5][7][13], giết[1][2][3][5][7][13], chiết[1][5][7][11][12][13], chẹt[2][3][5][7][13], chét[1][3][13], chịt[3][7][13], nhét[3][7][13], xít[1][7][13], chệch[3][7], chít[3][5], dít[3][13], nhít[3][7], siết[3][7], trét[3][13], xiết[3][7], Chệc[13], chích[1], gãy[3], gẩy[3], giẹp[3], giệt[5], gít[3], quạt[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of chiết (“to break, snap; to bend; to change direction; to yield, be convinced; to convert, offset; to discount; to judge; to fold”)
  2. chữ Hán form of đề (“relaxed, leisurely”)
  3. chữ Hán form of triếp (“to turn over, flip; to pour back and forth”)
  4. chữ Hán form of triệp (“to be snapped, be broken; to lose (money); folded”)
  5. chữ Nôm form of chét (“flea; to caulk, plaster”)
  6. chữ Nôm form of chẹt (“to squeeze, choke”)
  7. chữ Nôm form of Chệc (“ethnic Chinese”)
  8. chữ Nôm form of chệch (“off target”)
  9. chữ Nôm form of chết (“to die; to stop working; to lose effect; stagnant, dead still; extremely; oh no, shoot”)
  10. chữ Nôm form of chích
  11. chữ Nôm form of chiết (“to air-layer”)
  12. chữ Nôm form of chít (“great-great-great-grandchild; to wrap tightly; to cling (to the body); tiger grass”)
  13. chữ Nôm form of chịt (“to block, seal”)
  14. chữ Nôm form of dít (“to be jammed, bind; to shriek, howl”)
  15. chữ Nôm form of gãy (“to break, fracture; to fail, fall apart”)
  16. chữ Nôm form of gẩy (“to flick; to pluck, pick”)
  17. chữ Nôm form of giẹp (“to quell, put down”)
  18. chữ Nôm form of giết (“to kill, murder”)
  19. chữ Nôm form of giệt
  20. chữ Nôm form of gít
  21. chữ Nôm form of nhét (“to stuff”)
  22. chữ Nôm form of nhít
  23. chữ Nôm form of quạt (“fan; to fan”)
  24. chữ Nôm form of siết (“to squeeze, clasp; to tighten; to grind, crush; to flow rapidly; to reach the limit”)
  25. chữ Nôm form of trét (“to caulk, plaster”)
  26. chữ Nôm form of xiết (“to tighten; to grind, crush; to reach the limit; to repossess”)
  27. chữ Nôm form of xít (“stink bug; to move over”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Trần (2014).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  6. ^ Phạm (1851).
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 Hồ (1976).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Thiều Chửu (1942).
  9. ^ Trần (1999).
  10. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Bonet (1899).
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Génibrel (1898).
  13. ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 Takeuchi (1988).
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