折

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 摺
折 U+6298, 折
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6298
← 抗
[U+6297] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 抙 →
[U+6299]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character[edit]

折 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手竹一中 (QHML), four-corner 52021, composition ⿰扌斤)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 422, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11890
  • Dae Jaweon: page 770, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1838, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6298

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 折
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (折) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
晢 *ʔljeds, *ʔljed
狾 *ʔljeds
誓 *ɦljeds
逝 *ɦljeds
銴 *ɢljeds, *ɢʷleds
折 *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed
娎 *hleːws, *qʰred
哳 *ʔr'eːd
踅 *sɢʷled
哲 *ʔl'ed
蜇 *ʔl'ed
悊 *ʔl'ed
嚞 *ted
喆 *ted
硩 *l̥ʰed, *l̥ʰeːɡ
浙 *ʔljed
晣 *ʔljed
焎 *hred

Originally 㪿, an ideogrammic compound (會意): ⿱屮屮 (“a tree 木 cut in half”) + 斤 (“axe”) – an axe cutting a tree in half.

In the current form, the left side has become 扌 (“hand”).

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 折
alternative forms
 
㪿
𣂚
𣂹
𣂟
𣂲
㪿
𣂚
𣂹
𣂟
𣂲
摺／折

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsjat (“to cut off; to sever; to break”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • siĕk - vernacular;
  • ciék - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • chi̍h, chek - vernacular;
    • chiat - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 折
    Reading # 2/3
    Initial (聲) 章 (23)
    Final (韻) 仙 (81)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 旨熱切
    Baxter tsyet
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡ɕiᴇt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡ɕiɛt̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡ɕjæt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ciat̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡ɕiɛt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡ɕĭɛt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡ɕi̯ɛt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhe
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zit3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 折
    Reading # 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhé
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsyet ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tet/
    English bend; break (v.t.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 折
    Reading # 2/3
    No. 16947
    Phonetic
    component         		折
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		晢
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔljed/
    Definitions[edit]

    折

    1. to break off; to snap; to pluck off
    2. to bend
    3. to lose
    4. to die (young)
    5. to admire; to be convinced
    6. to trade; to exchange
    7. to censure; to blame
    8. difficulty; obstacle
    9. (Cantonese) to discount
      呢度折咗之後大概係三百蚊。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      呢度折咗之后大概系三百蚊。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ni1 dou6 zit3 zo2 zi1 hau6 daai6 koi3 hai6 saam1 baak3 man1. [Jyutping]
      These items are around 300 dollars after discounting.
    10. (Cantonese) discount
      呢件衫冇折。 [Cantonese]  ―  ni1 gin6 saam1 mou5 zit3. [Jyutping]  ―  There is no discount on this clothing item.
    11. Classifier for discount.
      打九折  ―  dǎ jiǔ zhé  ―  ten percent off (or discount to ninety percent of the original price)
    12. Classifier for folds.
    13. Classifier for theatrical scenes.
    14. (Chinese calligraphy) a change in direction of a stroke (such as in ㇕, ㇉, or ㇜)
    15. a surname: Zhe
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (discount): 扣 (kòu)
    Coordinate terms[edit]
    Compounds[edit]
    Derived terms from 折

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    折

    1. to turn over; to flip
    2. to pour out; to tip something out
    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    Rime
    Character 折
    Reading # 3/3
    Initial (聲) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 仙 (81)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 常列切
    Baxter dzyet
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑiᴇt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑiɛt̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑjæt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑiat̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiɛt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑĭɛt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʑi̯ɛt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shé
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sit6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 折
    Reading # 2/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shé
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzyet ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*N-tet/
    English bend (v.i.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 折
    Reading # 3/3
    No. 16951
    Phonetic
    component         		折
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		折
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɦljed/
    Definitions[edit]

    折

    1. to break
    2. to be at a (financial) loss
    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 4[edit]

    Rime
    Character 折
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial (聲) 定 (7)
    Final (韻) 齊 (39)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 杜奚切
    Baxter dej
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/dei/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/dei/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/dɛi/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/dɛj/
    Li
    Rong         		/dei/
    Wang
    Li         		/diei/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/dʱiei/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		tí
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		tai4
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 折
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 16937
    Phonetic
    component         		折
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		嗁
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l'eːl/

    Definitions[edit]

    折

    1. Only used in 折折.

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 折 – see 摺 (“to destroy; to fold; etc.”).
    (This character, 折, is the simplified form of 摺.)
    Notes:

    Etymology 3[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 折 – see 翼 (“wing; wing; etc.”).
    (This character, 折, is a variant form of 翼.)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    折

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. fold

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    折
    おり
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 折 – see the following entry.
    【おり】
    [noun] occasion; time
    [verb] stem or continuative form of おる (oru) [godan]
    Alternative spellings
    折, 折り
    (This term, 折, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    折 • (jeol, je) (hangeul 절, 제, revised jeol, je, McCune–Reischauer chŏl, che, Yale cel, cey)

    1. To fold

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    折: Hán Việt readings: chiết (之(chi)列(liệt)切(thiết))[1][2][3], triếp[3], triệp[3]
    折: Nôm readings: chết[1][2][3][4][5], giết[1][2][3][4][5], chẹt[2][3][4][5], chiết[1][2][5], chét[1][3], xít[1][4], chệch[3][4], chịt[3][4], nhét[3][4], nhít[3][4], siết[3][4], xiết[3][4], chích[1], chít[3], dít[3], gãy[3], gẩy[3], giẹp[3], quạt[3], trét[3]

    1. Nôm form of chết (“to die”).
    2. Nôm form of giết (“to kill; to murder”).

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Hồ (1976).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=折&oldid=73163453"