誓

誓 U+8A93, 誓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A93 ← 誒 [U+8A92] CJK Unified Ideographs 誔 → [U+8A94]

Translingual

Han character

誓 (radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 手中卜一口 (QLYMR), four-corner 5260₁, composition ⿱折言)

1. swear, pledge
2. oath

References

• KangXi: page 1162, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35514
• Dae Jaweon: page 1627, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3973, character 5
• Unihan data for U+8A93

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		誓

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 誓
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (折) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
晢	*ʔljeds, *ʔljed
狾	*ʔljeds
誓	*ɦljeds
逝	*ɦljeds
銴	*ɢljeds, *ɢʷleds
折	*l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed
娎	*hleːws, *qʰred
哳	*ʔr'eːd
踅	*sɢʷled
哲	*ʔl'ed
蜇	*ʔl'ed
悊	*ʔl'ed
嚞	*ted
喆	*ted
硩	*l̥ʰed, *l̥ʰeːɡ
浙	*ʔljed
晣	*ʔljed
焎	*hred

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɦljeds): phonetic 折 (OC *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed) + semantic 言 (“speech”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sai⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ
• Min Dong (BUC): siê
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): sē / sī / sè / chōa

  (Teochew, Peng'im): si⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: shì
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
    • Wade–Giles: shih4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sai⁶
    • Yale: saih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐi̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: sii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siê
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɛ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sē
    • Tâi-lô: sē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: se
    • IPA (Xiamen): /se²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /se⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī
    • Tâi-lô: sī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: si
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕi²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sè
    • Tâi-lô: sè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sex
    • IPA (Taipei): /se¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /se²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōa
    • Tâi-lô: tsuā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoa
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sua⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sua²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sua³³/

Note:

• sē/sī - literary;
• chōa - vernacular;
• sè - vernacular (俗).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: si⁷
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sī
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si¹¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡ʑiᴇi^H/

Rime
Character	誓
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時制切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇiH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛiH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiajH/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛiH/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d][a]t-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljeds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	誓
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyejH ›
Old Chinese	/*[d][a]t-s/
English	swear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	誓
Reading #	1/1
No.	16934
Phonetic component	折
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	逝
Old Chinese	/*ɦljeds/

Definitions

誓

1. swear, pledge
2. oath, vow

Compounds

• 信誓 (xìnshì)
• 信誓旦旦 (xìnshìdàndàn)
• 刑馬作誓／刑马作誓
• 四弘誓願／四弘誓愿 (sìhóngshìyuàn)
• 宣誓 (xuānshì)
• 對天發誓／对天发誓
• 山盟海誓 (shānménghǎishì)
• 折箭為誓／折箭为誓 (zhéjiànwéishì)
• 指天為誓／指天为誓 (zhǐ tiān wéi shì)
• 指天誓心
• 指天誓日
• 撫臆誓肌／抚臆誓肌
• 旦旦信誓 (dàndànxìnshì)
• 明誓
• 柏舟之誓
• 歃血為誓／歃血为誓
• 泰誓

• 洪誓
• 海誓山盟 (hǎishìshānméng)
• 瀝血以誓／沥血以誓
• 發誓／发誓 (fāshì)
• 盟誓 (méngshì)
• 秦誓
• 立誓 (lìshì)
• 罰誓／罚誓
• 要誓
• 言誓
• 誓不兩立／誓不两立
• 誓不甘休
• 誓劍／誓剑
• 誓反教 (shìfǎnjiào)
• 誓同生死
• 誓墓
• 誓山盟海

• 誓師／誓师 (shìshī)
• 誓彼襟靈／誓彼襟灵
• 誓死 (shìsǐ)
• 誓死不二 (shìsǐ bù'èr)
• 誓死不屈 (shìsǐbùqū)
• 誓泉之譏／誓泉之讥
• 誓海盟山
• 誓無二心／誓无二心
• 誓無二志／誓无二志
• 誓約／誓约 (shìyuē)
• 誓言 (shìyán)
• 誓詞／誓词 (shìcí)
• 誓願／誓愿 (shìyuàn)
• 賭誓／赌誓 (dǔshì)
• 賭身發誓／赌身发誓
• 賭身立誓／赌身立誓 (dǔshēnlìshì)
• 起誓 (qǐshì)

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Japanese

Kanji

誓

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. vow
2. swear
3. pledge

Readings

• Go-on: ぜ (ze)
• Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ぜい (zei)
• Kun: いましめる (imashimeru, 誓める); ちかい (chikai, 誓い)^{←ちかひ (tikafi, historical)}; ちかう (chikau, 誓う, Jōyō)^{←ちかふ (tikafu, historical)}

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Korean

Hanja

誓 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

誓: Hán Nôm readings: thệ, thề

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.